# data[].attributes.body
Claim:
Evidence:
Reasoning:

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: (A) the balloon will remain the same size
Evidence: the air molecules are not small enough to pass through the pores of the balloon skin. thus the molecules will remain in the balloon. the air molecules move freely and in random constant motion thus it will continue moving about in the balloon.
Reasoning: (1) air molecules bounce off the skin of the balloon

# data[].attributes.body
Claim : (B) The balloon will deflate
Evidence : The air molecules are small enough to pass through the pores of balloon skin.
Reasoning : (3) The molecules are smaller than the holes in the balloon skin.

# data[].attributes.body
*claim*: the balloon deflates
*evidence*: the picture shows molecules diffusing out of the partially permeable membrane of the rubber balloon
*reasoning*: we know that when we inflate the balloon, it is filled with air and therefore the concentration of helium particles (assuming it is a helium balloon) inside the balloon is higher than the surroundings. due to diffusion, the particles pass through the partially permeable membrane from a region if higher concentration, the balloon, to a region of higher concentration, the surroundings which results in the balloon deflating

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: The balloon will deflate
Evidence: The air particles seem to be defusing through the partially permeable membrane of the skin of the balloon
Resoning: The air molecules
are smaller than holes in the balloon skin, hence they are able to diffuse through the balloon skin to the outside

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: the balloon deflates
Evidence: the pores of the balloon skin are partialy permeable thus diffusion of the air molecules can take place
Reasoning : air molecules diffuse through the skin of the balloon to the atmosphere

# data[].attributes.body
*claim*: (A) the balloon will remain the same size *evidence*:the molecules inside the balloon are too large to be able to pass through the pores of the balloon skin and instead bounces off the inside of the skin of the balloon *reasoning*: (1) air molecules bounce off the skin of the balloon

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: the balloon deflates
Evidence: some particles are smaller than the pores of the balloon skin, more particles inside the balloon than outside
Reasoning: Diffusion occurs from higher to lower concentration of particles, hence the air molecules diffuse through the skin of the balloon to the outside of the balloon.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: B. The balloon will deflate.
Evidence: Some particles are smaller than the pores of the balloon.
Reasoning: 2. Air molecules diffuse through the skin of the balloon to the atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: B- The balloon will deflate.

Evidence: Some of the air molecules in the balloomare small enough to pass through the skin of the balloon.

Reasoning: 2- Air molecules diffuse through the skin of the balloon to the atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: (B) The balloon will deflate.
Evidence: The particles are smaller than pores of balloon skin.
Reasoning: (2)Air molecules diffuse through the skin of the balloon to the atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: The rate of diffusion of bromine particles is slower in the gas jar with air particles and faster in the vacuum gas jar.
Evidence: When the tap is opened, the brownish-orange gas, bromine, can be seen spreading to the vacuum flasks immediately. When the flask is filled with air, the bromine spreads slower.
Reasoning: In a vacuum, there are no air particles for the bromine particles to collide with. Hence, the bromine particles collide with each other less frequently and hence have more energy and move at higher speeds. increasing the rate of diffusion. Whereas when the bromine particles are mixed with air particles, they collide with each other more frequently, decreasing the energy of the bromine particles and therefore slowing down the rate at which the bromine particles can spread.

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Claim: The rate of diffusion is higher in a vacuum compared to diffusion in a space with air
Evidence: When the two jars are connected, the bromine particles spread at a faster rate when moving into a vacuum than when moving into a jar of air
Reasoning: When air particles are present, the molecules of air and bromine will collide with each other causing the rate of diffusion       to be slower. However, in a vacuum there is no other molecules inside for the bromine to collide with, thus the rate of diffusion is much faster

# data[].attributes.body
•Claim: Bromine diffuses faster without gas particles in the gas jar. (ie. a vacuum)

•Evidence: the time taken for the orange gas (bromine gas) to spread throughout the gas jar when it was a vacuum was faster than when there were air particles in the gas jar

•Reasoning: in a vacuum, the orange gas particles (bromine gas particles) has no air particles to collide with thus can diffuse faster than when there is air particles present in the gas jar

# data[].attributes.body
Claim : Diffusion takes places the fastest in a vacuum
Evidence : once the tap was opened, the particles turned the inside of the circular tubes from colourless to a reddish-brown colour almost immediately, whereas the bromine particles in the bottom long tube ( second video ) took some time to diffuse into the second long time.
Reasoning: Since it is a vacuum, there are no other gas particles in the tubes to collide with the particles that were introduced into the tubes. in the other video, there was air particles in the tube above the tube with the bromine particles thus the bromine particles collided with the air particles and diffused slower.

# data[].attributes.body
claim; diffusion occurs faster in a vacuum than in the presence of other particles.
evidence: the bromine (brown gas) spread through out the vacuum gas jar faster  as compared to the bromine in the gas jar that contains air particles.
reasoning: as there are no other particles to interfere with the bromine particles in the vacuum gas jar, the bromine particles spread through out the jar faster. this is because there are lesser particles to collide with the bromine particles

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: The rate of diffusion of a particle is faster in a vacuum.

Evidence: The brownish-orange colored bromine particles can be visibly seen spreading throughout the vacuum very quickly. The orange color can be seen spreading quickly.

Reasoning: When particles collide with each other, they lose energy. In a vacuum, where there are no other particles to collide with and lose energy to, the particles hence spread quicker throughout the vacuum.

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Claim: The rate of diffusion is affected by the amount of particles within the same area

Evidence: The orange gas diffused faster in the experiment where all the air was removed from inside the apparatus as compared to the the experiment where the orange gas was left to naturally diffuse with the air present in the apparatus.

Reasoning: In a vacuum, there is no other molecules then the said gas, thus there are no particles to bounce against, letting diffusion happen faster as compared to when there are other molecules present in the apparatus. The molecules will take up more time to diffuse as the gas (bromine) particles are bouncing off other gas particles before it can spread equally within the space.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: Bromine particles diffuse faster when the gas jar is vacuum.
Evidence: The reddish-brown gas moves to the opposite side of the gas jar faster when it is vacuum as compared to when there are air particles in the gas jar.
Reasoning: Bromine particles do not have to collide into other air particles when it is in a vacuum, hence the rate of diffusion is faster in a vacuum.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: Bromine diffuses faster without gas particles in the gas jar.
Evidence: The set-up with only the bromine gas particles spread out faster than the set-up with both bromine and other air particles.
Reasoning: In the

first set-up, there were only bromine gas particles. When the bromine gas particles moved from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, the bromine particles did not have to collide with any other air particles other than bromine itself, thus it travels faster.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: Diffusion takes place faster in a vacuum

Evidence: A reddish brown gas move into the gas jar containing vacuum faster than in a gas jar filled with air.

Reasoning: The bromine particles collides with the air particles in the gas jar causing it to slow down the diffusion unlike the the gas jar that is vacuum that has no particles which makes it easier for diffusion to take place.

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Claim : The rate of diffusion of the food colouring is faster in the beaker of hot water than in the beaker of cold water.
Evidence : In the same period of time, the red food colouring in the beaker which contains hot water could be seen spreading throughout the beaker faster and more evenly than the blue food colouring in the beaker containing cold water.
Reasoning : The hot temperature of the water caused the  particles to gain kinetic energy and move faster, increasing the spaces between each particle. The particles collided with more food colouring particles at faster speeds. Hence, the food colouring particles were able to spread out and diffuse more quickly.

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Claim: The rate of diffusion is higher in regions of higher temperatures as compared to that of regions of lower temperatures.
Evidence: The red ink in the hot water could be visibly seen spreading throughout the beaker of hot water faster than the blue ink in the beaker of cold water.
Reasoning: There is more heat energy in the hot beaker of water that is converted to kinetic energy for the particles to move faster and hence diffusion occurs at a faster rate.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: The temperature of water affects the rate of diffusion of food colouring in it.
Evidence: The food colouring in the beaker of hot water spread faster than in the beaker of cold water.
Reasoning: The food colouring diffuses faster in water of higher temperature as compared to water of lower temperatures, since the mass of hot water and the cold water is the same, and the volume of hot water is higher, the density is lower, which means that the particles in hot water are more spread out, making it easier for the particles of the food colouring to spread, hence diffusion occurs faster in hot water than cold water.

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Claim: Nitrogen dioxide gas particles are smaller than bromine gas particles.
Evidence: Nitrogen dioxide gas is a orange brown color, as is bromine gas. The orange brown color spread faster in nitrogen dioxide than in bromine.
Reasoning: The smaller the particles, the faster they diffuse. Nitrogen dioxide gas particles are smaller, and as such are lighter. Nitrogen dioxide particles have a molecular mass of 46, while bromine has a molecular mass of 160. Nitrogen dioxide particles are lighter than bromine particles, and as such will diffuse faster.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: Rate of diffusion is higher when the temperature is higher and rate of diffusion is lower when the temperature is lower.
Evidence: In a period of time, the food coloring in the beaker with hot water diffused more than the food coloring in the beaker with cold water.
Reasoning: The hot water has more energy than cold water, which means that molecules in hot water move faster than the molecules in cold water the food coloring added to the water is pushed around by the water molecules. Thus, the rate of diffusion in hot water is higher than in cold water.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: Diffusion takes place at a higher rate in higher temperatures
Evidence: When red ink was dropped into a beaker of hot water and blue ink was dropped into a beaker of cold water, the red ink was diffusing at a higher rate and the beaker of water became red fast whereas in the other beaker, the blue ink took some time to diffuse.
Reasoning: The particles in the hot water gained more kinetic energy which allowed the red ink particles to slide faster whereas the particles in the cold water gained lesser energy thus the blue ink particles will keep colliding with the water particles.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: The nitrogen gas will diffuse faster than the bromine gas.
Evidence: Nitrogen gas has a smaller molecular mass (46) as compared to bromine gas (160), based on the periodic table.
Reasoning: The smaller the molecular mass, the lesser energy the particles need for diffusion. The bigger the molecular mass, the more energy the particles need for diffusion. Because nitrogen gas is lighter, it needs lesser energy to diffuse. Thus it is faster than bromine gas.

# data[].attributes.body
claim : the rate of diffusion is faster when the temperature is higher
evidence : when the colouring is poured into the cold and hot water, the colouring spreads faster in the beaker with hot water than in cold water.
reasoning : heat increases the kinetic energy of the particles and causes the particles to move and collide more with each other resulting in the particles to spread out faster.

# data[].attributes.body
claim: the higher the temperature, the faster the rate of diffusion
edvi: the red food colouring in the hot water diffused faster than the cold water.
reason: when the two test tubes (one with hot water and the other with cold water ) were compared, the beaker with hot water and red food colouring diffused faster and changing the colour of the water faster compared to the beaker with cold water and blue food colouring.

# data[].attributes.body
claim: rate of diffusion is higher when the particles are smaller.

evidence: bromine particles have a bigger relative atomic mass than nitrogen dioxide gas, and nitrogen dioxide gas diffuses faster than bromine gas.

reasoning: when the particles are smaller, they collide with other particles less as they can fit into small spaces compared to bigger particles like nitrogen dioxide.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of diffusion.

Evidence: the red food colouring in the hot beaker of water diffused much faster than the blue food colouring in the cold beaker of water, which took much longer.

Reasoning: Rate of diffusion is much faster at a higher temperature because particles move faster and increase in energy when heated. Hence, diffusing particles in the hot water move faster than those in cold water, thus diffusing quicker.

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Claim:Bromine particles are heavier than nitrogen dioxide particles.
Evidence:The rate of diffusion of nitrogen dioxide is faster than the rate of diffusion of bromine.
Reasoning:Nitrogen dioxide particles have  a relative molecular mass of 46.Bromine particles have a relative molecular mass of 80. Hence,more gravitational force acting on the Bromine as it is heavier,causing its rate of diffusion to be slower.

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: the rate of diffusion would be faster in particles which are lighter. which in the video, is nitrogen dioxide.
Evidence: when a tube filled with air was placed over the tube filled with nitrogen dioxide and bromine. the tube filled with air that was placed over the tube filled with nitrogen dioxide changed from colourless to reddish-brown faster than when a tube filled with air was placed over the tube filled with bromine.
Reasoning: this is because the relative atomic mass of nitrogen dioxide,46, is smaller than the relative atomic mass of bromine,80. hence, this causes nitrogen dioxide particles to be lighter than bromine particles. Thus nitrogen dioxide diffuses faster than bromine.

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Claim: Higher temperatures result in a faster rate of diffusion

Evidence: The red food coloring moves faster in the hot water unlike the blue dye that takes a longer time to mix in the water

Reasoning: Heat results in higher kinetic energy among the dye particles, causing them to diffuse quickly into the water unlike cold water that causes the dye particles to lose kinetic energy, resulting them taking a longer time to diffuse into the water.

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Claim: The lighter the particles , the faster the rate of diffusion

Evidence: The nitrogen dioxide gas was spreading out faster throughout the jar as compared to the bromine gas which takes a longer time to spread.

Reasoning:

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: Food colouring diffuses faster in hot water as compared to cold water.
Evidence: The red food colouring  in hot water spreads faster than the blue food colouring in cold water.
Reasoning: The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the molecules have. However, the lower the temperature, the less kinetic energy the molecules have. Thus, the rate of diffusion is faster in hot water than in cold water.

# data[].attributes.body
claim: gases with lower molecular masses diffuse faster than those with higher molecular masses
evidence: in the video, the nitrogen dioxide particles spread faster in the jar compared to the bromine particles.
reasoning; nitrogen dioxide particles are lighter than bromine particles. nitrogen dioxide particles have lower molecular mass than bromine particles. thus causing the nitrogen dioxide particles to diffuse faster than the bromine particles, as rate of diffusion is faster for lighter particles

# data[].attributes.body
Claim:  The lighter the particles, the higher the rate of diffusion.
Evidence:  nitrogen gas spreads out faster than bromine ga

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: The rate of diffusion is faster when the particles are lighter.
Evidence: The mass of the particle per

# data[].attributes.body
Claim: Food coloring particles diffuses faster in hot water than in cold water.
Evidence: The red coloring mixed up with the hot water faster than the blue coloring in the cold water.
Reasoning