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Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.

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One theory as to how the universe formed

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Humans living during the Paleolithic Era were hunter-gatherers.

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The modern human term (AMHS) refers in Paleoanthropology  to individual members of the species Homo sapiens.

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Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs.

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A town that lives mainly hunting and fishing, and harvesting wild foods.

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They are found in all human societies; These include expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion and technology.

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An area of fertile land in the Middle East, which stretches around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in a semicircle from Israel to the Persian Gulf, where the Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Phoenician and Hebrew civilizations flourished.

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a member of a people having no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock.

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A  new method, idea, product, etc.

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The First Agricultural Revolution was the large-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period, from a hunting and gathering lifestyle to one of agriculture and settlement, making the population ever larger. .

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The science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the resulting products cleared the land to use it for Agriculture

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a skilled job, typically one requiring manual skills and special training.

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A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

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a line of hereditary rulers of a country

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the belief in or worship of more than one god.

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the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

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is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BCE (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code.

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the stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced.

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a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

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A fundamental aspect of social organization that is established by fighting or display behavior and results in a ranking of the animals in a group. ... Dominance hierarchies often determine first or best access to food, social interactions, or mating within animal groups.

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a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats.

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convey in or as in a chariot.

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a specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a distinguished academic.

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Any such mandate or blessing. The Chinese philosophical concept of the circumstances under which a ruler is allowed to rule. Good rulers would be allowed to rule with the Mandate of heaven

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the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles

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land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. In Britain, it was traditionally contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths which could be used for sheep-rearing but not farmland.

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a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

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a form of government with a monarch at the head.

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the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.

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a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

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Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies

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The Delian League, founded in 478 BC,]was an association of Greek city-states, with the number of members numbering between 150 to 330 under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

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The hoplite phalanx was the perfect manifestation of classical Greek society on the battlefield. Made up of middle-class men who had day jobs, the phalanx was made to decide a war in a single bloody struggle.

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A superpower is a state with a dominant position characterised by its extensive ability to exert

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a member of the Nizari branch of Ismaili Muslims at the time of the Crusades, when the newly established sect ruled part of northern Persia (1094–1256). They were renowned as militant fanatics, and were popularly reputed to use hashish before going on murder missions.

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A mercenary is an individual who is hired to take part in a conflict but is not part of an army or other-governmental organisation. Mercenaries fight for money or other forms payment rather than for political interests.

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is a situation of a sustained increase in the general price level in an economy inflation means an increase in the cost of living as the price of goods and services rise.

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refers to the time period from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. in the Roman Empire.

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a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government: usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman Empire.

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The term "climate change" is often used to refer specifically to anthropogenic climate change also known as global warming.

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a large bag of strong, coarsely woven material, as for grain, potatoes, or coal.

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Lingua Franca refers to any language used for communication between people who do not share a native language. It can refer to hybrid languages such as pidgins and creoles used for communication between language groups. ...

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The Edict of Nantes, signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time.

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a line of hereditary rulers of a country.

"the Tang dynasty"

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Louis XIV, known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

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The divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandate is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God.

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Mercantilism is a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports of a nation. Mercantilism was dominant in modernized parts of Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries before falling .

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a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive.

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The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.

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The Agricultural Revolution was a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe.

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Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment, also known as ''The Father of Economics'' or ''The Father of Capitalism''

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Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university. He married Jenny von Westphalen in 1843.

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Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the soil of farms is not used for only one set of nutrients. It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield

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Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population by excluding certain genetic groups judged to be inferior, and promoting other genetic groups judged to be superior.

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Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs.

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In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, finished goods and services. The utilized amounts of the various inputs determine the quantity of output according to the relationship called the production function

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The Watt steam engine, alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine, was the first practical steam engine and was one of the driving forces of the industrial revolution. James Watt developed the design sporadically from 1763 to 1775 with support from Matthew Boulton.

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a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine.

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A corporation is an organization, usually a group of people or a company, authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law. Early incorporated entities were established by charter. Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration

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Imperialism is policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas.

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Image result for Self-interestwww.investopedia.com
Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (interests) of one's self. A number of philosophical, psychological, and economic theories examine the role of self-interest in motivating human action.

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the activity or condition of competing.

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the amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered as factors regulating its price.

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Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports; it can also be understood as the free market idea applied to international trade.

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Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system, and competitive markets

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The proletariat is the class of wage-earners in an economic society whose only possession of significant material value is their labour-power. A member of such a class is a proletarian. In Marxist theory, a dictatorship of the proletariat is for the proletariat, of the proletariat, and by the proletariat.

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a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

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an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

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Quinine is a common treatment for malaria. Some people believe that it can also help with leg cramps and restless legs syndrome. Quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. This tree is native to central and South America, as well as some islands in the Caribbean and western parts of Africa.

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The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by Western European powers during the period of the New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914.

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The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, also known as the Congo Conference or West Africa Conference, regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.

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The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century that would allow for a system of trade in China open to all countries equally.

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The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving Great Qing and the British Empire and concerning the British imposition of trade of opium upon China, thus compromising China’s sovereignty and economic power for almost a century.

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Nationalism is a political, social, and economic ideology and movement characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland.

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Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values.

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Anxious at the prospect of being surrounded by potential enemies

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a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico.

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an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule.

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better known by the alias Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.

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a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States

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the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated.

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a form of radical, right-wing, authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and of the economy, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe

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the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu

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the action or process of appeasing.

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an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory.

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the day (June 6, 1944) in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy.

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as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II.

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A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions. Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter.

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s the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945

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Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people in whole or in part. The hybrid word "genocide" is a combination of the Greek word γένος and the Latin suffix -caedo

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Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War.

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an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion (nearly $100 billion in 2018 US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

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an intergovernmental organization that was tasked to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international co-operation and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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The United Nations Security Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with ensuring international peace and security, accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its charter

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the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent states.

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system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement.

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a notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.

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a state that is de jure independent but is de facto completely dependent upon an outside power. It is nominally sovereign but effectively controlled by a foreign or otherwise alien power, for reasons such as financial interests, economic or military support