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Definition:
- An indirect expression that is used instead of an offending one.
Example:
- "I lived at West Egg, the - well, less fashionable of the two (East Egg)." (Fitzgerald 8)

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Definition:
- A figure of speech in which word that contradict one another appear together.
Example:
- "An indefinable expression, at once definitely unfamiliar and vaguely recognisable” (Fitzgerald 192)

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Definition:
- A figure of speech when one word modifies two other words in different ways.
Example:
- “He was leaning against a table in the hall, heavy with dejection or sleep.” (Fitzgerald 234)

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Definition:
- A figure of speech where one word is replaced by something
similar to it.
Example:
- “--East Egg condescending to West Egg, and carefully on guard against its spectroscopic gayety.” (Fitzgerald 70)

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Definition:
- An often-quoted saying that is mention in various stories. It was supposed to be meaningful but is now unoriginal due to overuse.
Example:
- “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”

(Fitzgerald 1)

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Definition:
- Sharing to unlike things without using like or as. (Usually using is or are)
Example:
- “A pale dangling individual stepped out of the wreck, pawing tentatively at the ground with a large uncertain dancing shoe.” (Fitzgerald 31)

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Definition:
- An unexpected twist in an author's work.
Example:
-  “Do you always watch for the longest day of the year and then miss it? I always watch for the longest day in the year and then miss it” (Fitzgerald 11)

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Definition:
- Its a comparison between an idea or thing to something very different from it.
Example:
- Although Nick is the narrator, Gatsby is the protagonist.

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Definition:
- A figurative language in which a number of close words begin with the same constant sound.
Example:
- “A dead man passed us in a hearse heaped with blooms, followed by two carriages with drawn blinds, and by more cheerful carriages for friends." (Fitzgerald 39)

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Definition:
- A figurative language in which you take two unlikely things and compare them using like or as.
Example:
-  Then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret, like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk” (Fitzgerald 14)

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Definition:
- A technique used to to criticise parts of society and help shed light on serious matters.
Example:
- The book itself is considered a satire for the American dream.

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Definition:
- A play on words that is mostly humorous. (usually done by exploiting the similarities between two words)
Example:
- "Then he kissed her. At his lips’ touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete." (Fitzgerald 111)

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Definition:
- Repetition among near clauses or sentences to provide emphasis towards a theme or message the author is trying to convey.
Example:
-  “I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life” (Fitzgerald 35)

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Definition:
- The arrangement of words and phrases to create a sentence.
Example:
- "A small gust of wind that scarcely corrugated the surface was enough to disturb its accidental course with its accidental burden."(Fitzgerald 154)

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Definition:
- It’s the author’s style, it’s what makes the writing unique and special.
Example:
-  "…a husky, rhythmic whisper, bringing out a meaning in each word that it had never had before and would never have again. When the melody rose her voice broke up sweetly, following it, in a way contralto voices have, and each change tipped out a little of her warm human magic upon the air.” (Fitzgerald 108)

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Definition:
- How the author express their attitude towards a situation or character through their words.
Example:
- I couldn't forgive [Tom] or like him, but I saw that what he had done was, to him, entirely justified. It was all very careless and confused. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy – they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made....

I shook hands with him; it seemed silly not to, for I felt suddenly as though I were talking to a child. (Fitzgerald 143-144)

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Definition:
- The style of speaking or writing.
Example:
- “A hundred houses, at once conventional and grotesque, crouching under a sullen, overhanging sky and a lusterless moon.” (176)

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Definition:
- An exaggerated statement that isn't meant to be taken literally. (Usually to convey a point)
Example:
- “Oh, that’s all right,” he said carelessly. “I don’t want to put you to any trouble”…”I don’t want to put you to any trouble, you see.” (Fitzgerald 82)

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Definition:
- A self contradicting or silly statement.
Example:
- Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich--nevertheless, I was confused and a little disgusted as I drove away.(Fitzgerald 20)

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Definition:
- Describes the purposes of language-based-communication.
Example:
- “I am not even faintly like a rose.”

(Fitzgerald 11)

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Definition:
- When two words or things are placed close to one another with contrasting effects.
Example:
- "he moved a broad flat hand along the front vista including... sunken Italian garden, a half acre of... roses... snub-nosed motor boat." (Fitzgerald 12)

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Definition:
- The art of persuasive speaking or writing.
Example:
- "I bought a dozen volumes on banking and credit and investment securities, and they stood on my shelf in red and gold like new money from the mint, promising to unfold the shining secrets that only Midas, Morgan, Maecenas knew.”

(Fitzgerald 3)

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Definition:
- Using words to convey meaning or emotions. (Also known as figures of speech)
Example:
- “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.” (Fitzgerald 134)
*This is a rhetorical device known as alliteration.

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Definition:
- A way of conveying meaning through language.
Example:
b"In consequence, I'm inclined to reserve all judgements, a habit that has opened up many curious natures to me and also made me the victim of not a few veteran bores.”

(Fitzgerald 1)

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Appeals are a way to persuade. Definition:
- Ethos: Persuasion using one's credibility.
- Pathos: Persuasion by tugging on the audience's emotions.
- Logos: Persuasion by using logic and reasoning.
Examples:
- Ethos:  “Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.”

(Fitzgerald 1)

- Pathos: “It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four of five times in life.”

(Fitzgerald 53)

- Logos: “I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.”

(Fitzgerald 13)

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Definition:
- Meaning the opposite of what you say/what is written, usually used to taunt or mock.
Example:
- “Go ahead,” answered Daisy genially, “and if you want to take down any addresses here’s my little gold pencil.” (Fitzgerald 108)

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Definition:
- Mood is what gives us certain emotions and feelings due to the choice of wording in a piece. It is usually referred to as the atmosphere.
Example:
- "The valley of ashes is bounded on one side by a small foul river, and when the drawbridge is up to let barges through, the passengers on waiting trains can stare at the dismal scene for as long as an hour." (Fitzgerald 23)

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Definition:
-A sentence where some words are taken out but it is still understood, usually replaced with '...'
Example:
- “. . . I was standing beside his bed and he was sitting up between the sheets, clad in his underwear, with a great portfolio in his hands.\‘Beauty and the Beast…Loneliness…Old Grocery House…Brook’n Bridge….’” (Fitzgerald 38)

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Definition:
- The feelings/ideas attached to (Or suggested by) a word without being in its meaning. They can be both negative and positive.
Example:
-“I’m glad it’s a girl. I hope she’ll be a fool- that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool" (Fitzgerald 17)

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Definition:
- The literal meaning of a word.
Example:
- “...I glanced seaward- and distinguished nothing except a single green light..."(Fitzgerald 26)