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A woman must continually watch herself.
John Berger (1972) in his insightful series of videos discusses men's privileged gaze of women, and in doing so how it enables economic domination of women. As soon as we are able to see, he states, we are also aware that we can be seen. It demonstrates the layers of cultural veils that exist in society and how power is instrumental in creating social codes and values.
In Jean Paul Sartre's (1953) analysis, the self is in danger of losing power over itself, when the value 'the look' is determined by the voyeur.
Although Virginia Woolf's work dates back to 1928, it is still curiously relevant, as she surmises that women act as mirrors reflecting back to men an improved image of their own masculinity

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The 'Me Too' movement focusing on the Harvey Weinstein scandal has unleashed a disturbing number of sexual harassment claims. Today's hegemonic Eurocentric standards have determined our current beauty standards and shone the torch on the diminished status of women of colour especially in the film industry. The male gaze is important in conceptualizing the sexual harassment claims, as women perceive themselves judged on their appearance and not on their accomplishments. On a positive note, women are turning to social media to  confront their attackers, with the hope that in men will rethink their behaviour.

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The 'Me Too' movement focusing on the Harvey Weinstein scandal has unleashed a disturbing number of sexual harassment claims. Today's hegemonic Eurocentric standards have determined our current beauty standards and shone the torch on the diminished status of women of colour especially in the film industry. The male gaze is important in conceptualizing the sexual harassment claims, as women perceive themselves judged on their appearance and not on their accomplishments. On a positive note, women are turning to social media to  confront their attackers, with the hope that in men will rethink their behaviour.

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China's 'leftover women'
John Berger states that women turn themselves into objects. This statement highlights the inequalities of power between men and women. The existence of cultural taboos in many societies can bring shame on the females family, as seen in this article of Chinese women not fulfilling the role of marriage and childbirth. Many Australian Indigenous women are prohibited by their 'mob' of speaking out on occurrences of domestic violence.

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Does art objectify women? Do the images or characters represented become devalued in doing so? Perhaps it is simply an exploration of female sexuality.

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What was once admired, no longer becomes an object of the male gaze. The invisibility of old age carries a loss of identity as attractiveness reaches it's expiration date.

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Dolezal, L. 2012. Reconsidering the Look in Sartre's: Being and Nothingless. Sartre Studies International. Oxford. 9 (1).
Howson, A. 2013. The Body in Society: An Introduction. Polity Press.

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The world of fashion is responsible for exploiting both men and women. A plethora of advertising and enticing packaging promises enhanced beauty, sex appeal and body shape. However, an inherent male domination exists within media and advertising that directly targets women's desires. For women, future partnering and job prospects are closely linked with ideals of beauty. So, does the female gaze exist? Women view men, and OTHER women, and in doing so, at times sexualise the images, yet arguably there is no female equivalent. The male gaze creates a power imbalance, and supports the patriarchal status quo. As we do not live in a female dominated society, it seems implausible that the female gaze holds the same power.