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stigma: mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person
UMAD? = mental illness

unjustifiable

maladaptive

atypical

disturbing

Neurosis: emotional disturbance characterized by excessive anxiety (can still function)
Psychosis: emotional disturbance characterized by mobility to cope in the real world (can't function in life)

3 perspectives
biological, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral

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Physical Manifestations
- disturbances in circadian rhythm
- smaller frontal lobe/hippocampus
- interaction of genes and environment
Advice
- talk about it openly
- talk about suicide
- ask for help
- don't compare it to a normal instance of sadness in your own life

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a constant low

Major Depressive Disorder

intense sadness (can last months to forever)

Dysthemia/Persistent Depressive Disorder

involves less intense sadness, 2 years or more, biological origin

Seasonal Affective Disorder

depression which occurs at specific times of the year with less sunlight

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Bipolar Disorder aka. Manic Depression (mood disorder)

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Bipolar Disorder aka. Manic Depression (mood disorder)

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involves both depressed and manic episodes
Bipolar I
- extreme mania
Bipolar II
- only goes to hypomania
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Causes of Depression
Biological Factors
- chemical imbalances

serotonin - low levels

- linked with Chromosome 11

for bipolar, both low serotonin and high norepinephrine

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Amnesia
Psychogenic

memory loss for distant and recent past

loss of personal identity

usually ends within hours or days

Organic

memory loss for only recent past

loss of personal and gen knowledge

memory many or may not return

Dissociative Identity Disorders (DID)

MPD (multiple personality disorder)

Personality "breaks" (becomes different from what its been)

usually due to severe trauma/abuse

Fugue

reversible amnesia for personal identity

forgetting memories, personality, and other identifying characteristic of individuality

lasts hours to days

usually involves unplanned wandering or travel

hysteria and epilepsy

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--> inflexible, exaggerated and maladaptive ways of thinking
--> behavior causes distress to person and conflicts with others
Cluster A
- person seems odd or eccentric
schizoid personality disorder

long-term and persistent pattern of indifference detachment from society and a very limited range of emotions, seldom marry

schizotypal personality disorder

odd thought, speech and emotional reactions; impaired social function (luna lovegood)

paranoid personality disorder

inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others; refuse to accept blame or criticism

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Cluster B (emotional or erratic
borderline personality disorder

tends to act impulsively, self destructive, unstable self-image, mood; mostly women

normal thinking is like a rainbow color spectrum, borderline thinking is black or white no inbetween

antisocial personality disorder

pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical behavior (psychopath), inability to feel affection for others, no remorse for actions, mostly men

histrionic personality disorder

very dramatic, attention seeking, needs praise and reassurance (Regina George)

narcissistic personality disorder

grandiose view of themselves, constant attention and admiration

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Cluster C (anxious or fearful)
dependent personality disorder

inability to make decision on their own, can't live independently, can't tolerate being alone

avoidant personality disorder

fears of rejection, leads to isolation

obsessive compulsive personality disorder
needs orderliness (obsessed), personal control, rules, schedules, unreasonable perfectionism

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Psychotic disorder

Disordered thoughts, inappropriate actions, bizarre behavior

genetic, excessive dopamine [hallucinations (false senses) delusions (false beliefs)

positive (+) hallucinations are added

negative (-) behavior is decreases, flat

Types
paranoid: preeoccupation with delusions or hallucinations
disorganized: disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion
catatonic: immobility, extreme negativism
undifferentiated or residual:

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Hillary: dependent personality disorder
Annie: histrionic personality disorder
Vincent: schizotypal personality disorder
Erin: borderline
Issac: narcissistic
Sam: ocpd
Sue: paranoid
Ulysses: schizoid
Ericka: avoidant

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systematic desensitization: is learning
schizophrenia is disordered thought
somatic (somataform) symptom disorder: feeling anxiety about physical symptoms