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On January 19, 1961, the day before John F Kennedy’s inauguration, JFK received the traditional personal briefing from his predecessor, President Eisenhower. Eisenhower raised the issue of Cuba because after his two years of successful revolution, Fidel Castro had become “a persistent thorn in U.S. Flesh”.  Castro nationalized many oil companies and sugar producers, which meant seizing American assets in Cuba. In response, Eisenhower explained to Kennedy that he had authorized a covert CIA operation to topple the Cuban leader.  Eisenhower planned to train a force of Cuban exiles who were going to overthrow Castro in the jungles of Guatemala.

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They would mount a landing to establish a bridgehead on the Cuban coast. The CIA expected that the Cuban people would spontaneously rise up against Castro. Kennedy was not against the plan although he did not want the U.S involvement becoming known.

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The invasion began when six U.S B 26 bombers, disguised as Cuban colors so as to make it look as if they were flown by Cuban defectors, took off from Nicaragua and attacked Cuban airfields. The tiny bomber force caused minimal damage and provided no air cover for the landing force, which crossed the Caribbean from the coast of Nicaragua in six ships. 1,400 members of the anti-Castro Cuban Brigade managed to land at the Bay of Pigs on Cuba’s south coast on April 17. They came under attack by Soviet-built Cuban artillery and tanks ,and called desperately for U.S air support.

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The Conclusion of The Bay of Pigs Invasion

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The Conclusion of The Bay of Pigs Invasion

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The air support was considered not rejected, because the anticipated anti Castro uprising failed to materialize. The invasion force was left to its own devices and after three days of fighting, were forced to surrender. Over 100 anti-Castro were killed. It was quickly figured out that the U.S had been involved in the invasion, and Kennedy took responsibility. Kennedy was furious and embarrassed at the Bay of Pigs failure. Although, Kennedy continued to believe in removing Castro, even after the Bay of Pigs failure.

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This is John F. Kennedy's speech about the Cuban Missile Crisis

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JFK Speech Cuban Missile Crisis - Declaration of Nuclear War - Cuban Missile Crisis Documentary