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- http://www.abcte.org/files/previews/chemistry/s1_p6.html
- https://www.sisd.net/cms/lib/TX01001452/Centricity/Domain/1297/The_history_of_the_atom_Notes-_condensed.pdf

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- John Chadwick was an English linguist and classical scholar who was born in East Sheen, London, UK in 1920-1998.
- Until 1932, the atom was thought to be composed of a positive charged nucleus with a negative charged surrounding.
- Chadwick consistently attacked beryllium atoms with alpha particles and it created an unknown radiation. He interpreted this radiation as being composed of particles with a neutral electrical charge which he called neutrons.
- Later, an updated atomic model including neutrons would be released.

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- Erwin Schrodinger was an Austrian physicist born in Vienna, Austria 1887-1961.
- Schrodinger used Bohr´s atomic model to create the model that we still use today!
- He used mathematical equations to find the exact paths of electrons and made a model out of it.
- These equations, however, did not pinpoint the exact location of the electrons rather did they predict the possible orbit of them.
The model that was created, is referred to as the cloud model, to show where the electrons are most likely to be. Where the ´cloud´ is most dense, that is where you are most likely to locate the electrons.

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- Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist born in Copenhagen, Denmark 1885-1962.
- Bohr was actually a student of Ernest Rutherford´s!
- Although Bohr agreed with a lot of Rutherford´s theory as well as the planetary model, he felt that there were some errors and that he could correct some mistakes.
- Instead of the electrons moving in a circular orbit in the same direction around the nucleus, Bohr suggested the idea that the electrons move in different stationary orbits around the nucleus.
- He also suggested that electrons that orbit the nucleus have a set size and energy and that each orbit of electrons is a set level with a different amount of energy. Moving an electron up a level results in radiation.
-Bohr recreated Rutherford´s model and updated it.

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- Ernest Rutherford was an English physicist born in  Brightwater, New Zealand 1871-1937.
- Rutherford believed that Thomson´s model was incorrect and wanted to prove so. As a result, he created the Gold Foil Experiment.
- He performed large numbers of experiments using Alpha particles. He aimed the particles at pieces of gold foil and recorded where exactly the particles hit.
- When he discovered that the particles moved through the foil unaffected, he concluded that the atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, in the center with electrons surrounding it.
- Rutherford stated that the atom was like a mini solar system and that the
electrons orbited the nucleus in a wide orbit. The model that he created from his experiment is called the planetary model.

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- JJ Thomson was an English physicist born Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Uk 1856-1940.
- In 1897, Thomson discovered the electron by experimenting with a cathode ray and proving that the rays had a negative charge.
- He also studied positive charged particles in neon gas
- Later, Thomson proposed a model of the atom which is referred to as the Plum Pudding Model.

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- John Dalton was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist born Eaglesfield, Cumbria, UK in 1766-1844.
- Dalton was the first to convert Democritus' theory into an atomic model.
- Like Democritus, Dalton had to base this theory on belief rather than using science.
- Dalton did not really create any new information on the atoms, but he more or less just confirmed Democritus' theory.
- There are 4 key points to Dalton´s atomic model:
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles also referred to as atoms.
2. Elements are characterized by the weight of their atoms.
3. Atoms can not be destroyed nor can they be changed or altered.
4. When elements react, it is their atoms that are combining to create compounds.

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- Democritus was a philosopher in Greece from 460-370 BC who is known primarily for coming up with the idea of an atom.
- He figured that if you take a form of matter and break it down until you can no longer see it or break it down any further, then you have reached the base unit also referred to as the atom.
- Democritus also came up with his model of the atom by forming the Theory of the Universe which is that everything consists of atoms, atoms are not all the same size, weight and shape, they are all solids and they have no internal structure, and there is an empty space in between each atom.
- Democritus' theory was based on reasoning rather than science!