# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gravity | The Dr. Binocs Show | Learn Videos For Kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn about Gravity with Dr. Binocs. Have you ever wondered why do objects fall down when they're dropped? Or why do we ultimately go down after we jump? Join Dr. Binocs as he Zooms In on the concept of gravity which is an invisible force that pulls you back to the Earth's surface.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Effects of training and exercise

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A secondary school revision resource for GCSE PE looking at the effect of training and exercise on the body.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Here is a short mini documentary type thing with some of the benefits and effects exercise has on the body. STEV.e hopes that this video will encourage you to be just a little bit more active! For some useful and easy tips, please visit our website at www.wix.com/steve_envision/steve.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Our eyes have a small window at the front through which the light can enter. It is called the pupil. The pupil appears black because it is dark inside our eye. At the back of our eye is a sensitive sheet of nerves called the retina.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Moon Gets Bigger and Bigger

If you have ever enjoyed watching the moon at night (and sometimes even in the daytime sky!), you have noticed that it doesn't always look the same. Its appearance changes -- it can vary from full and round to completely absent and everything in between.

We see the moon go through changes because of the lunar cycle. This is the period of time from one new moon, when you can't see the moon at all, to the next new moon. As the moon appears to grow from a non-existent new moon to a crescent to a full moon, we call it a waxing moon.

The Phases of the Moon and the Lunar Cycle

The moon doesn't make any light itself. The only reason we can see the moon at all is because its surface reflects light from the sun. The amount of the illuminated surface that we can see from Earth varies depending on the positions of the moon, Earth, and sun relative to each other. For example, during a new moon, the moon is between the Earth and the sun. The side that is illuminated by the sun is facing away from the earth, which is why we can't see it.

In the opposite position, when the Earth is between the moon and the sun, the illuminated surface of the moon faces us completely, and we see a full moon. The lunar cycle is the progression from the new moon through the full moon and back to a new moon again. It takes about 29 days, and we see the moon go through its different phases during that time. When the moon is new, we can't see it. As the moon starts to move around the Earth, the illuminated side becomes more and more visible. From our vantage point it seems to grow and get bigger. This period of getting bigger is called waxing.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What is a Waxing Moon? - Definition, Facts & Phase | Study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If you have ever enjoyed watching the moon at night (and sometimes even in the daytime sky!), you have noticed that it doesn't always look the same. Its appearance changes -- it can vary from full and round to completely absent and everything in between.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Light transmission capacity varies from object to object. Transparent objects allow all the light to pass through them, translucent ones allow partial light to pass, whereas opaque ones allow no light to pass through. For a better understanding, this ScienceStruck article lists the differences between transparent, translucent, and opaque materials.

Density of Materials

The amount of light that can pass through an object depends on its density of molecules. Opaque objects are the most dense, thus, allowing no light to pass through. Translucent objects are less in density, whereas transparent ones are the least dense.

The capacity of light penetration is what distinguishes objects or materials from each other. This factor reduces from transparent to translucent, while it is zero for opaque objects. The lesser the light-absorbing capacity, the more well-defined the shadow is. An example of this can be a tree near a street lamp. Its shadow is pronounced.

Everything that we see or use has some degree of visibility or invisibility. Here, we give you an elaborate comparison between different materials, based on their ability to pass or not pass light through them.

Translucent Vs. Transparent Vs. Opaque

Translucent

┗ A material through which light can pass partially.
┗ We can partly see through these objects. They can also be called partially-see-through objects.
┗ The color of this material depends on the amount of light absorbed, scattered, and reflected.
┗ An object on the other side of this material is visible to some extent.
┗ Consider the example of a frosted glass. We can barely see what's outside the window. This is because the partially-absorbed light scatters in different directions. The image above represents the concept of translucency. Light is focused onto a frosted glass having thickness. It allows the light to pass through it diffusely.

List of Translucent Materials

Transparent

┗ A material through which light can pass completely. ┗ An object on the other side of this material is clearly visible.
┗ We can clearly see through these objects. They can also be called see-through objects.
┗ The color of this material depends on the light it emits.

┗ This concept can be best illustrated with the diagram represented in the image above A wine glass contains red wine. A torch light focused onto the glass passes through it. Due to this, the color of the wine is visible too. This is because, all the colors of the spectrum of light are reflected by the glass. Thus, it is transparent.

List of Transparent Materials

Opaque

┗ A material through which light cannot pass at all.
┗ We cannot see through these objects. They can also be called not-see-through objects.
┗ The color of this material depends on the light it absorbs.
┗ An object on the other side of this material is not visible at all.
┗ Let us understand this concept through an example of a red-colored apple. When we look at it, red color is reflected. This is because, all the colors of the light spectrum are absorbed by the apple. No light is passed through the object. Thus, it is opaque.

List of Opaque Materials

The concept of light absorption is quite significant. How would water look if it was opaque? How would we see each other if the air around us was opaque?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Difference Between Translucent, Transparent, and Opaque Materials

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Light transmission capacity varies from object to object. Transparent objects allow all the light to pass through them, translucent ones allow partial light to pass, whereas opaque ones allow no light to pass through. For a better understanding, this ScienceStruck article lists the differences between transparent, translucent, and opaque materials.

# data[].attributes.body
Test yourself with this photosynthesis quiz!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Do Plants Produce Food? Photosynthesis Practice Test

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Practice test created to study for content of Harcourt grade 5, chapter 5, lesson 1 science book.

# data[].attributes.body
Press start in the quiz!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Do you want to test your knowledge on Skeletal System? Let's play this body practice quiz and prove you now!

# data[].attributes.body
Having fun while studying now that's what i call cool

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the science behind gravity, the mysterious force of planet earth including why it is important, what is weight, and fun facts. What is gravity?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Learn about Gravity and Math w/ Isaac Netwon - Cool School Math & Science for Kids!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the science of light. Energy made of waves and particles called photons traveling at the top speed in the universe. What is refraction? The difference between transparent, translucent, and opaque.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physics for Kids: Behavior of Light as a Wave

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the behavior of light as a wave in the science of physics including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Phases of the Moon  Explanation for kids -Animation Lesson Unit

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Shadow | The Dr. Binocs Show | Educational Videos For Kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about force in the science of physics and the laws of motion including units and measurement. How to calculate force from mass and acceleration.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Simple Machines for Kids: Science and Engineering for Children - FreeSchool

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the science behind simple machines such as levers, wheels, pulleys, inclined planes, and screws. How they work together to make complex machinery.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
3 States of Matter for Kids (Solid, Liquid, Gas): Science for Children - FreeSchool

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Very few plants can actually trap their own food and none can go grocery shopping so plants need to make their food by themselves if they want to eat!

Plants are fortunate as they are the only living organisms that can make their own food. How do they do this?

They make their food by combining carbon dioxide gas that is found in air with water and nutrients that they absorb from the soil.

In order to do this though they need energy - which they get from sunlight. The energy from sunlight (solar energy) is used by the plant to make carbon dioxide and water react chemically together and change into glucose (food) and oxygen. This process is called photosynthesis. The word photosynthesis comes from two Greek words: photo meaning light and synthesis meaning putting together so photosynthesis means "putting together with light".

We can write photosynthesis like this:

Carbon Dioxide(gas) + Water => sunlight => Glucose + Oxygen(gas)

6 CO2 + 12 H2O --sunlight--> C6 H12 O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2

In the process of photosynthesis plants change solar energy into chemical energy.

What has the sun got to do with photosynthesis?

The sun is a very powerful source of energy. People are always trying to harness it to make electricity, warm their houses, heat their water etc. Plants figured out how to use solar energy millions of years ago to make their food. They use the light energy from the sun (solar energy) and convert it into chemical energy that is stored as sugar (glucose) in the plant. Excess glucose is stored as starch in the leaves, roots, stems and seeds of the plant. The energy from the sun is transferred to the plants. This energy is then passed to animals when they eat plants. Whenever the plant needs energy it breaks down its stored glucose for its life processes

How do plants capture the sun's energy?

Plants can do this because of leaf structures called chloroplasts that contain a special substance called chlorophyll.

Chlorophyll is the pigment in plants that gives leaves their green color. This pigment that is found in the leaves and the stem of the plant is responsible for absorbing light energy from the sun. At night when there is no light a plant stops making food.

Why are most leaves broad and flat?

It shouldn't be too surprising for you to learn that the plant's structure is very well adapted to trap sunlight and absorb carbon dioxide. A wide broad surface will capture far more light than a thin narrow leave surface. Solar panels that you see on houses are also broad and flat for the same reason.

What else is important to help plants grow?

Just like humans do, plants also need mineral nutrients to keep healthy, grow and perform their life processes well. Plants get mineral nutrients from the soil using their roots. The mineral nutrients are dissolved in the water the plant absorbs. If the soil does not have enough mineral nutrients the plant will not grow properly. Farmers often test the soil to check that there are enough nutrients for their crops to grow. If there are not enough minerals present in the soil the farmer will add fertilizers. A fertilizer usually contains the main minerals that a plant needs.

Why is photosynthesis so important?

Photosynthesis is one of the most important chemical reactions in the world. What are the reasons for this?

Photosynthesis makes food for plants and for animals.

We have already learned that plants feed themselves by using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into food (sugar). Whenever the plant needs energy for itself it breaks down its stored food. Animals get their food by eating the plants so they depend on plants for their food.

Photosynthesis results in oxygen gas being made that is released by the plant into the atmosphere for living things to breathe.

Living things breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide all the time. Fortunately plants do the opposite. When plants are making food they breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen. Therefore plants are extremely important to humans and animals as they give them oxygen to breathe and prevent us all from suffocating. Oxygen is needed by all living organisms to burn up food for energy.

Photosynthesis results in carbon dioxide gas being removed from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is responsible for global warming.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Very few plants can actually trap their own food and none can go grocery shopping so plants need to make their food by themselves if they want to eat! Plants are fortunate as they are the only living organisms that can make their own food. How do they do this?

# data[].attributes.body
(BrainPOP video)
Username: eism
Password: eism123

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the Earth science subject of plate tectonics including major and minor plates, convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Tornadoes are one of the most violent and powerful types of weather. They consist of a very fast rotating column of air that usually forms a funnel shape. They can be very dangerous as their high speed winds can break apart buildings, knock down trees, and even toss cars into the air.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about tornadoes including how they form, characteristics, types including supercell and waterspout, categories, and fun facts.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about tsunamis including what causes them such as earthquakes, where they occur, why they are dangerous, and what happens during a tsunami event.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kid's learn about the science of earthquakes. What causes them and where they happen.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the science of volcanoes including how they form mountains, lava, and magma; types such as cinder cone, composite, and shield; watch a video about volcanoes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Earth's atmosphere is divided up into 5 major layers:

Exosphere - The last layer and the thinnest. It goes all the way to 10,000 km above the Earth's surface.

Thermosphere - The thermosphere is next and the air is very thin here. Temperatures can get extremely hot in the thermosphere.

Mesosphere - The mesosphere covers the next 50 miles beyond the stratosphere. This is where most meteors burn up upon entry. The coldest place on Earth is at the top of the mesosphere.

Stratosphere - The stratosphere extends for the next 32 miles after the troposphere. Unlike the troposphere the stratosphere gets its heat by the Ozone Layer absorbing radiation from the sun. As a result, it gets warmer the further away you get from the Earth. Weather balloons go as high as the stratosphere.

Troposphere - The troposphere is the layer next to the ground or surface of the Earth. It covers around 30,000-50,000 feet high. This is where we live and even where planes fly. Around 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is in the troposphere. The troposphere is heated by the surface of the Earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the science of the Earth's Atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen and more make up clouds and weather.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Layers Of Atmosphere | The Dr. Binocs Show | Educational Videos For Kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Structure Of The Earth | The Dr. Binocs Show | Educational Videos For Kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the science of the composition of the Earth. Different layers and what they do.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Home page for the Water Cycle topic.This website, presented by NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, provides students and educators with resources to learn about Earth's water cycle, weather and climate, and the technology and societal applications of studying them.

# data[].attributes.body
Steps of the water cycle and condensation and evaporation.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
© Contributed by Leanne Guenther
Run and get a glass of water and put it on the table next to you. Take a good long look at the water. Now -- can you guess how old it is?

The water in your glass may have fallen from the sky as rain just last week, but the water itself has been around pretty much as long as the earth has!

When the first fish crawled out of the ocean onto the land, your glass of water was part of that ocean. When the Brontosaurus walked through lakes feeding on plants, your glass of water was part of those lakes. When kings and princesses, knights and squires took a drink from their wells, your glass of water was part of those wells.
And you thought your parents were OLD
The earth has a limited amount of water. That water keeps going around and around and around and around and (well, you get the idea) in what we call the "Water Cycle".

This cycle is made up of a few main parts:

evaporation (and transpiration)

condensation

precipitation

collection

Evaporation:

Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam leaves the river, lake or ocean and goes into the air.

Do plants sweat?

Well, sort of.... People perspire (sweat) and plants transpire. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water out of their leaves. Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air.

Condensation:

Water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. This is called condensation.

You can see the same sort of thing at home... Pour a glass of cold water on a hot day and watch what happens. Water forms on the outside of the glass. That water didn't somehow leak through the glass! It actually came from the air. Water vapor in the warm air, turns back into liquid when it touches the cold glass.

Precipitation:

Precipitation occurs when so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore. The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow.

Collection:

When water falls back to earth as precipitation, it may fall back in the oceans, lakes or rivers or it may end up on land. When it ends up on land, it will either soak into the earth and become part of the "ground water" that plants and animals use to drink or it may run over the soil and collect in the oceans, lakes or rivers where the cycle starts

Water Cycle Activity Pages.

Print these out and use them as posters or coloring pages. Sheets 2 thru 4 have some suggested activities you can do at home to demonstrate the Water Cycle.

Sheet 1 - ( color) or ( B&W)

Sheet 2 - ( color) or ( B&W)

Sheet 3 - ( color) or ( B&W)

Sheet 4 - ( color) or ( B&W)

Sheet 5 - ( color) or ( B&W)
Check out the Spanish version of the Water Cycle >

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
© Contributed by Leanne Guenther Run and get a glass of water and put it on the table next to you. Take a good long look at the water. Now -- can you guess how old it is?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Facts on Heat Conductors & Insulators

Heat passes through some materials easily and these materials are called thermal conductors.

Metals usually feel cold to the touch. Metals are good thermal conductors, because heat passes through them quickly.

Heat does not pass through some material such as plastic, oven glove, thermal underwear, cork board and wood. These materials are called thermal insulators.

These thermal insulators are good for keeping heat out as well and in. Some examples of good insulators are - a thermos - keeps hot things hot and keeps cold things cold, cooler - deeps the heat out and keeps the inside cool, and a polystyrene cup keeps the heat in and keeps it hot.

Remember that a good insulator is a poor conductor.

Insulators often contain pockets of trapped air like feathers on a bird and fur on animals to keep them warm.

Heat loves to travel and will travel from a warmer material to a colder material. The heat will only travel from hot things to colder things and never the other way around.

Some materials allow heat to travel through easily and some don't. If you boil a tea pot on the stove, the pot becomes too hot to touch whereas the tea pot handle does not get hot.

Wood and plastic are good heat insulators and are used for saucepan handles. Whereas the saucepan is made of metal due to metals being good heat conductors and allow the heat to pass from the cooker into the food.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Heat Conductors & Insulators Facts and Information

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Facts on Heat Conductors & Insulators Heat passes through some materials easily and these materials are called thermal conductors. Metals usually feel cold to the touch. Metals are good thermal conductors, because heat passes through them quickly. Heat does not pass through some material such as plastic, oven glove, thermal underwear, cork board and wood.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Conductors and Insulators Explained | What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This article was most recently revised and updated by

electric circuit, path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator; devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or computers; and the connecting wires or transmission lines. Two of the basic laws that mathematically describe the performance of electric circuits are Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's rules.

Electric circuits are classified in several ways. A direct-current circuit carries current that flows only in one direction. An alternating-current circuit carries current that pulsates back and forth many times each second, as in most household circuits. (For a more-detailed discussion of direct- and alternating-current circuits, see electricity: Direct electric current and electricity: Alternating electric currents.) A series circuit comprises a path along which the whole current flows through each component. A parallel circuit comprises branches so that the current divides and only part of it flows through any branch. The voltage, or potential difference, across each branch of a parallel circuit is the same, but the currents may vary. In a home electrical circuit, for instance, the same voltage is applied across each light or appliance, but each of these loads draws a different amount of current, according to its power requirements. A number of similar batteries connected in parallel provides greater current than a single battery, but the voltage is the same as for a single battery. See also integrated circuit; tuned circuit.

The network of transistors, transformers, capacitors, connecting wires, and other electronic components within a single device such as a radio is also an electric circuit. Such complex circuits may be made up of one or more branches in combinations of series and series-parallel arrangements.

Erik Gregersen.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Electric circuit, path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator; devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or computers; and the connecting wires or transmission lines.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Electrical Circuits - Series and Parallel -For Kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What are reversible and irreversible changes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Irreversible changes

A change is called irreversible if it cannot be changed back again.

In an irreversible change, new materials are always formed. Sometimes these new materials are useful to us.

Heating

Heating can cause an irreversible change. For example you heat a raw egg to cook it. The cooked egg cannot be changed back to a raw egg again.

Mixing

Mixing substances can cause an irreversible change. For example, when vinegar and bicarbonate of soda are mixed, the mixture changes and lots of bubbles of carbon dioxide are made. These bubbles and the liquid mixture left behind, cannot be turned back into vinegar and bicarbonate of soda again.

Burning

Burning is an example of an irreversible change. When you burn wood you get ash and smoke. You cannot change the ash and smoke back to wood again.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A change is called irreversible if it cannot be changed back again. In an irreversible change, new materials are always formed. Sometimes these new materials are useful to us. Heating can cause an irreversible change. For example you heat a raw egg to cook it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What is Photosynthesis?

The word photosynthesis can be separated to make two smaller words:

"photo" which means light

"synthesis" which means putting together

Plants need food but they do not have to wait on people or animals to provide for them. Most plants are able to make their own food whenever they need it. This is done using light and the process is called photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. We will add more details to this definition after making a few things clear as you will see below.

What is needed for Photosynthesis?

To make food, plants need not just one but all of the following:

Let's take a look at how these are collected by plants.

Carbon dioxide from the air passes through small pores (holes) in the leaves. These pores are called stomata.

Water is absorbed by the roots and passes through vessels in the stem on its way to the leaves.

Sunlight is absorbed by a green chemical in the leaves.

What happens during Photosynthesis?

The photosynthesis process takes place in the leaves of plants. The leaves are made up of very small cells. Inside these cells are tiny structures called chloroplasts. Each chloroplast contains a green chemical called chlorophyll which gives leaves their green color.

Chlorophyll absorbs the sun's energy.

It is this energy that is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

Oxygen is released from the leaves into the atmosphere.

Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are used to form glucose or food for plants.

Some of the glucose is used to provide energy for the growth and development of plants while the rest is stored in leaves, roots or fruits for later use by plants.

Here is the process in greater detail:

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages commonly known as Light dependent Reactions and the Calvin Cycle.
Light dependent Reactions
Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and take place only when light is available. During these reactions light energy is converted to chemical energy.

Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb energy from sunlight. This energy is transferred to the photosystems responsible for photosynthesis.

Water is used to provide electrons and hydrogen ions but also produces oxygen. Do you remember what happens to the oxygen?

The electrons and hydrogen ions are used to create ATP and NADPH. ATP is an energy storage molecule. NADPH is an electron carrier/donor molecule. Both ATP and NADPH will be used in the next stage of photosynthesis.

Details about the flow of electrons through Photosystem II, b6-f complex, Photosystem I and NADP reductase have not been included here but can be found under The Process of Photosynthesis in Plants.
The Calvin Cycle
The Calvin Cycle reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Although these reactions can take place without light, the process requires ATP and NADPH which were created using light in the first stage. Carbon dioxide and energy from ATP along with NADPH are used to form glucose.

More details about the formation of sugars can be found under the Process of Photosynthesis in Plants.

What have you learned so far?

You already know that plants need carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to make their food. You also know that the food they make is called glucose. In addition to glucose, plants also produce oxygen. This information can be written in a word equation as shown below.

The equation below is the same as the one above but it shows the chemical formula for carbon dioxide, water, glucose and oxygen.

Now back to the definition... Earlier you learned that photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. Now that we know what plants need to make food, we can add that information as shown below.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
What does Photosynthesis produce?

Photosynthesis is important because it provides two main things:

Some of the glucose that plants produce during photosynthesis is stored in fruits and roots. This is why we are able to eat carrots, potatoes, apples, water melons and all the others. These foods provide energy for humans and animals.

Oxygen that is produced during photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere. This oxygen is what we breathe and we cannot live without it.

While it is important that photosynthesis provides food and oxygen, its impact on our daily lives is far more extensive. Photosynthesis is so essential to life on earth that most living organisms, including humans, cannot survive without it.

All of our energy for growth, development and physical activity comes from eating food from plants and animals. Animals obtain energy from eating plants. Plants obtain energy from glucose made during photosynthesis.

Our major sources of energy such as natural gas, coal and oil were made millions of years ago from the remains of dead plants and animals which we already know got their energy from photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is also responsible for balancing oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The word photosynthesis can be separated to make two smaller words: "photo" which means light "synthesis" which means putting together Plants need food but they do not have to wait on people or animals to provide for them. Most plants are able to make their own food whenever they need it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Photosynthesis for Kids - How plants make food - Animation Science

# data[].attributes.body
pollination and parts of a flower

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Parts of a flower and Pollination | The Dr. Binocs Show | Learn Videos For Kids

# data[].attributes.body
parts functions and meaning

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Petal: The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the science of bones and the human skeleton. How the skeletal system supports the human body and protects it from harm.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn more about the science of the human digestive system. How we turn food into energy for our bodies.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Science for Kids: Breathing and the Respiratory System

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kid's learn about the science of human breathing and the lungs. How we get oxygen into our blood and remove carbon dioxide through the Respiratory System.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the cardiovascular system including blood, the heart, and blood vessels. The science of the human body's energy delivery system.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Free gamified quizzes on every subject that students play in class and at home. Pick an existing quiz or create your own for review, formative assessment, and more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
0:00 / 5:25•Watch full video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Bones | The Dr. Binocs Show | Learn Videos For Kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
AboutKidsHealth - The Hospital for Sick Children

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Exploring the Heart - The Circulatory System! | AboutKidsHealth at The Hospital for Sick Children

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical and Chemical Change Worksheet for HW CP.doc

# data[].attributes.headline
Examples of Physical changes and chemical

# data[].attributes.subject
Examples of Physical changes and chemical

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Are you confused about the difference between chemical changes and physical changes and how to tell them apart? In a nutshell, a chemical change produces a new substance, while a physical change does not. A material may change shapes or forms while undergoing a physical change, but no chemical reactions occur, and no new compounds are produced.

There are also other indications of chemical and physical changes, such as odor and sound. Here is a look at how to recognize the two types of changes, along with telltale indications and common examples of each.

Key Takeaways

Examples of Chemical Changes

A new compound (product) results from a chemical change as the atoms rearrange themselves to form new chemical bonds. A chemical change always involves a chemical reaction. The starting materials and final product are chemically different from one another. Here are some examples of chemical changes:

Burning wood

Souring milk

Mixing acid and a base

Digesting food

Cooking an egg

Heating sugar to form caramel

Baking a cake

Rusting of iron

Examples of Physical Changes

No new chemical species forms in a physical change. Changing the state of a pure substance between the solid, liquid, or gas phase is a physical change since the identity of the matter does not change. A physical change involves changes in physical properties, but not chemical properties. For example, physical properties change during tempering steel, crystallization, and melting. Here are examples of physical changes:

Crumpling a sheet of aluminum foil

Melting an ice cube

Casting silver in a mold

Breaking a bottle

Boiling water

Evaporating alcohol

Shredding paper

Sublimation of dry ice into carbon dioxide vapor

Carbon changing from graphite into a diamond

How to Tell Physical and Chemical Changes Apart

Look for an indication that a chemical change occurred. Signs of a chemical change include the following:

Gas is produced. In liquids, bubbles may form.

An odor is produced.

The substance changes color.

Sound is produced.

There is a temperature change. The surroundings become either hot or cold.

Light is produced.

A precipitate forms.

The change is difficult or possible to reverse.

A chemical change might not display all of these signs. If you don't see any of these indications, a physical change likely occurred. Be aware a physical change may produce a dramatic change in the appearance of a substance. This doesn't mean a chemical reaction occurred. The only way to know for certain whether a change is chemical or physical is a chemical analysis of the starting and ending materials.

In some cases, it may be hard to tell whether a chemical or physical change occurred. For example, when you dissolve sugar in water, a physical change occurs. The form of the sugar changes, but it remains the same chemically (sucrose molecules). However, when you dissolve salt in water, the salt dissociates into its ions (from NaCl into Na⁺ and Cl⁻), so a chemical change occurs. In both cases, a white solid dissolves into a clear liquid, and in both cases, you can recover the starting material by removing the water, yet the processes are not the same.

Explore chemical and physical changes in greater detail. Learn how they relate to the chemical and physical properties of matter with these additional resources.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What Are Examples of Chemical and Physical Changes?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Here are some examples of physical changes and chemical changes, along with an explanation of how you can tell the two apart.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
All around you, there are cells.

A cell is the smallest biologic unit that is able to live on its own or which has the potential to live. So how big is a cell? There are some cells that you can see without a microscope such as the egg yolks of birds. However, most cells cannot be seen with unaided human eyes. If you want to see actual cells, you need a microscope.

All living things are made up of cells. While some organisms are unicellular which means one organism has one cell (e.g. bacteria), plants and animals are multicellular which means they have many cells. Plant cells are special in that they can manufacture the plant's own food, unlike your own cells which have to be supplied with nutrients by eating.

What are the basic parts of a cell?

Although cells have different sizes, shapes and activities, all of them have three basic structures: the nucleus, the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm. These components make life possible for the cell.

Nucleus. The nucleus contains the genetic material of the organism. This genetic material is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for plants. Different plants have unique DNA compositions, which sometimes help scientists identify new species or classify existing ones. Plant cells are called "eukaryotic" because they have a nucleus. Organisms like bacteria, which lack a nucleus but have nucleic acid floating in their cytoplasm are called "prokaryotic".

Plasma membrane. This is the thin, outermost membrane that maintains the cell as a unit distinct from neighboring structures. It serves as a mold and a limit for the inner contents of the cell. This part of the cell serves two purposes. First, it allows the cell to undergo several metabolic processes independent of its surroundings. Second, it allows the cell to communicate with neighboring cells by allowing substances and chemical and electrical signals to travel through.

Cytoplasm. This part of the cell is everything that is between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. It is semifluid and it is a place, which contains other structures called "organelles". The cytoplasm is important for maintaining the integrity and stability of the cell and the organelles it contains have functions essential to the cell's life.

What is the cell wall?

The cell wall characterizes all plant cells. It consists of cellulose. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose and is thus called a polysaccharide. The presence of cellulose in the cell walls of plants is the reason why eating fruits and vegetables are important. Humans lack the enzyme called "cellulase" which can break down cellulose. Without this enzyme, you cannot break down the cell walls of plants, which make up the plant fiber. This fiber then acts like a broom to clean your intestines and helps you maintain normal bowel habits.

What organelles are found in both plants and animals?

An organelle is a membrane-bound compartment or sac located within the cell that has a specialized function. The nucleus is an organelle that is found in plants and animals. The following organelles are also found in both plants and animals.

Mitochondrion. This organelle is called the powerhouse or power generator of the cell because it is where energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is released from glucose. Note that glucose is present in what you eat. Glucose is then carried by the blood to your cells. When glucose reaches the cell, it is directed to the mitochondria, where energy is released. This energy is needed for the other functions of the cell such as the production of proteins.

Endoplasmic reticulum. This organelle, also referred to as ER, is the place where biomolecules such as proteins and lipids are routed and modified. Rough ER has ribosomes and serves as a place where polypeptides become proteins. Smooth ER has no ribosomes and serves as a place where lipids are synthesized. Plant seeds are rich in smooth ER because they provide the plant with food when it is still unable to utilize nutrients from the soil and from its environment.

Golgi bodies. The final processing of proteins and lipids occurs in the Golgi bodies. These biomolecules are then shipped to different parts of the cells.

What are organelles found only in plant cells?

Plastids. These organelles are specialized organelles for photosynthesis or storage. Plants have three types of plastids: amyloplasts, chloroplasts, and chromoplasts. Amyloplasts do not have pigments like the other two types of plastids but they store starch. Plenty of amyloplasts are found in the cells of plant stems, in underground stems (e.g. potato tubers) and in seeds. Chloroplasts are the organelles that contain chlorophyll and are responsible for the ability of plants to use sunlight (photosynthesis) to generate energy. This energy is then used to manufacture glucose and starch from carbon dioxide and water. Chromoplasts do not contain chlorophyll but they contain carotenoids. Carotenoids are pigments which give plants their red and yellow colors. They are particularly important for attracting pollinators (e.g. butterflies and bees) and other organisms which facilitate reproduction and seed dispersion.

Vacuoles. Vacuoles are organelles which store different types of substances and help the cell grow. They can contain sugars, ions, or simply, water. A vacuole expands during cell growth.

What are the other non-membranous structures in cells?

Two important structures which are not considered organelles are the ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Both of these are found in plant and animal cells. Ribosomes are responsible for the production of polypeptides which eventually become proteins. The cytoskeleton is important for maintaining the overall shape and organization of the cell and facilitates the movement of the cell's internal structures from one place to another.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
All around you, there are cells. A cell is the smallest biologic unit that is able to live on its own or which has the potential to live. So how big is a cell? There are some cells that you can see without a microscope such as the egg yolks of birds.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Animal Cell | #aumsum #kids #science #education #children

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Animal and plant cells

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A secondary school revision resource for AQA GCSE Additional Science about cells

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Matter is anything that has volume and weight.

Everything on earth has volume and weight. That means everything on earth is matter!
The amount of space something occupies is its volume. Solid items like tables, chairs and soccer balls, all take up space and therefore all have volume. Liquids like the water or milk you drink everyday or the water in a swimming pool also have volume. Even the air around us (which we cannot see but that we know is there) is made up of different gases and has volume.

What are the states of matter?

All materials fall into one of three categories: solids, liquids or gases. Each of these different groups has their own unique set of properties. Let us think about how we would categorize materials based on the following set of questions.

Can a material change shape? Solids are difficult to squash and therefore generally keep the same shape. Liquids and gases on the other hand change shape to fill the container they occupy.

Can a material flow? Solids don't flow but liquids and gases do.

Can a material change it's volume? Solids and liquids don't change much in volume. However it is easy to change the volume of a gas by squashing it.

Matter exists and can be categorized as a solid, a liquid or a gas. We call these three forms of matter - the states of matter. Of the many different substances that exist, most are found as solids at everyday room temperature. Far less exist as either liquids or gases.

How do solids, liquids and gases differ?

All materials whether they are solids, liquids or gases are made up of tiny particles of matter which are far too small to see with the human eye. The way in which these particles are arranged determines whether the material is a solid, a liquid or a gas.
What is a solid?
In a solid the particles are packed so closely together that they are hardly able to move at all. This is why solids have a definite shape and don't flow. Because the particles in a solid are packed so tightly a solid cannot be squished (compressed) easily into a smaller volume. It is not easy to compress, expand or change the shape of most solids because their particles are joined firmly to each other. A solid such as a pen cannot change into a completely different shape. There are some exceptions to this. For example materials like rubber can be easily stretched or bent without breaking even though rubber is a solid.
What is a liquid?
In a liquid the particles are also packed closely together but unlike solids the particles can move around each other. Particles in a liquid change places all the time. This is why liquids can flow very easily and because they have no definite shape of their own they always acquire the shape of the container in which they are held. A liquid will flow to the lowest point so it always fills the bottom part of a container first. Because their particles are packed closely together liquids, like solids, are difficult to squash (compress).
What is a gas?
A gas is mostly empty space. In a gas the particles are far apart and they move around easily. They spread out easily to fit any and all space available. Gases flow easily though this is more difficult to imagine because we usually cannot see a gas. Like liquids, because gases can flow they are also called fluids. It is easy to squish (compress) the particles of a gas more closely together so that is why it is easy to change the volume of a gas.

Can a material change from one state to another?

When we refer to a substance as a solid, liquid or a gas we are talking about it under normal, everyday conditions. Many substances though can exits in all three states of matter. The most common of these substances and the one most people are familiar with is water. Water can exist as a solid (ice), a liquid (water) and a gas (steam). A change of state occurs when a substance changes from one state to another for example when ice melts into water. When ice melts it changes from a solid state into a liquid state. A change in state is normally caused by changes in temperature (ice melts when its temperature rises) but a change in state can also be caused by changes in pressure.

Can matter be destroyed?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed - although it can change from one form to another. Scientists call this law the conservation of mass.

After reading about matter here, why don't you get in on the action yourself by buying our Introduction to Chemistry eBook.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Matter is anything that has volume and weight. Everything on earth has volume and weight. That means everything on earth is matter! The amount of space something occupies is its volume. Solid items like tables, chairs and soccer balls, all take up space and therefore all have volume.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kid's learn about the science of states of matter. Solids, liquids, gases, and even plasma.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the nitrogen cycle and how this nutrient travels through the ecosystem to sustain life on Earth.

# data[].attributes.body
(BrainPOP video)
Username: eism
Password: eism123

# data[].attributes.body
If you don't get what the nitrogen cycle is its fine just read this website. It is simple and clear

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Nitrogen is the most abundant element in our planet's atmosphere. Approximately 78% of the atmosphere is comprised of this important element.

Nitrogen is used by lifeforms to carry out many of the functions of life. This element is especially important to plant life. Yet, nitrogen in its gaseous form is almost entirely unusable to lifeforms. It must first be converted or 'fixed' into a more usable form. The process of converting nitrogen is called fixation.

There are specialized bacteria whose function it is to fix nitrogen, converting it, so that it can be used by plants. There are still other bacteria who do the reverse. That is, they return nitrogen to is gaseous form.

After nitrogen is fixed, it can be absorbed and used by plants, and subsequently by animals.

The process of nitrogen being fixed, used by plants and animals, and later returned to the atmosphere is referred to as the nitrogen cycle.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nitrogen is the most abundant element in our planet's atmosphere. Approximately 78% of the atmosphere is comprised of this important element. Nitrogen is used by lifeforms to carry out many of the functions of life. This element is especially important to plant life. Yet, nitrogen in its gaseous form is almost entirely unusable to lifeforms. ...