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Respect for different perspective.
Responsible Citizenship.
Value driven Decision Making.

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1.Analyze the Root causes that gave rise to World War1
2.describe significant events that transpired during World War 1
3.assess the effects of World War 1
4.analyze the efforts of nations to achieve international peace and prosperity
5.analyze the the causes that gave rise to World War II
6.analyze the significant events that transpired during World War II
7.assess the effects of World War II
8.reflect critically on learning experience and processes
8.analyze and evaluate major alternative points of view

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Three years later in Paris on December 10, 1948 the nations of the world was adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a document that protects all of mankind against the atrocities and violations committed both in timesbof war and in peace
Currently the united Nations is made up ofb193 member state. More that the talk of war and peace, the UN has evolved into organization that promotes humanitarian and sustainable development towards  Better world.

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The desire for lasting peace resounded long before the end of World War II.
The results of the conference inconclusive and were later resolved at the Yalta Conference in February of 1945.
The charter which was June 26, 1945, states that the United Nations Aim to:

1.maintain international peace and security.
2.develop friendly relations among nations.
3.achieve International cooperation in solving international problems of an humanitarian character,  economic, culture,  social.

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Socio-political Landscape after World War II

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Socio-political Landscape after World War II

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The long term effects of the World War II can also be seen in the socioeconomic aspects of modern life.
European Influence waned and the rise of the communism and the new world challenge the balance of power.
The US and the Soviet Union upon the successive losses of Western Europe.
Germany was divided into two The Federal Republic of Germany (Allied Powers)  in the west and the German Democratic Republic In the east (Soviet union)
Asia was also divided into western and eastern spheres of influence.
Society also changed its perception of Human Rights because of war atrocities.

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The number of casualties varies because some statistics do not account for unrecorded deaths. It is estimated that 75 million people died.
War criminals were tried of their war crimes such as the Holocaust trials at Nuremberg, Germany In 1945.
The war drove people homeless across continents. At the end of WW II, as much as 70% of industrial infrastructure was destroyed.

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World War II influenced the political, socioeconomic, and diplomatic ties that can still be felt in modern international relations.

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The Years 1943 to 1945 were crucial to culmination of World War II.  May 13, Axis Forces in Tunisia surrendered to the allies, giving valuable entry point Italy.
1943 the Allies captured Sicily and finally entered italy.
With massive advances of Allied Forces since the autumn of 1943 the implementation of D-Day.
Steadily. Soviet Forces liberated Ukraine and the Baltic states. By January 1945, Warsaw, Poland also liberated, along with Hungary, Romania,  and Bulgaria. In Asia. On the other hand,  fighting continued.
US and filipino forces worked hand-in-hand against Japanese troops.
By September 2, 1945 MacArthur accepted the surrender of the Japanese and officially ended the war in the Pacific.
After 6years and 1 day, World War II finally Ended.

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With British Forces facing warfare with Germany in Europe, the Only nation capable of combating the Japanese is the US.
When General Hideki Tojo became the new Japanese Prime Minister, he sent envoys to negotiate continued trade deal and prevent the entry of the US into War.
The US then started a military build-up in the philippines as a preparation to counter Japanese occupation in the region. Southeast asia was to conduct a surprise attack, delivering a knockout blow.
December 7, 1941 360 japanese aircraft attacked pearl Harbor, a very important Pacific naval base in Hawaii.
With the european theater at war with Hitler,  Japan launched a full-scale invasion of Asia beginning with the Siege of Northern China.
An estimate of 800,000 Koreans and 300,000 southeast asians were forced into labor camps in Japan.

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With the British Forces facing warfare with Germany in Europe, only nation capable of combating the Japanese is the US.
When General Hideki tojo became the new Japanese Prime Minister, he sent envoys to negotiate a continued trade deal and to prevent the entry of the US into War.
Japanese planes sank eight American battleship, the USS ARIZONA,  THE USS WEST VIRGINIA, AND THE USS TENNESSEE.
with the european theater at war with Hitler,  Japan launched a full-scale invasion of Asia beginning with the siege of Northern China.
An estimate of 800,000 koreans and 300,000 southeast asians were forced into labor camps in Japan.

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With the defeat of the French, Hitler expected that Britain would inevitably recieve support from the last major Allied Power, the Soviet Union.
He launched a surprise invasion on Soviet soil on June 22,1941 under Operation Barbarossa. Winter became a turning point in the battle.
By December 1941, the Soviet effectively  prevented further German expansion. Germany controlling large parts of the country.
Hitler declined the offer and by February 1943, the last troops were defeated by the Soviets.

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Probably the most terrifying event in the history of mankind happened during World War II. With the rise of Hitler power, the ideological machinery of Nazi Germany was in full swing.
Reinhard Heydrich, Chief of the Nazi Security Service, created the Einsatzgruppen, a special task force that aims to capture all European Jews and put them in concentration camps.
Around five to six million Jews died on death camps alone.
After the World War II, twenty top Nazi officials were tried at Nuremberg for several war crimes because of the atrocities committed.

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After the french surrendered, the british found themselves the only force against the mighty Nazi Germany.
Winston Churchill rallied the British people under the call for "blood, sweat,  and tears" and to "never surrender, "
The British retaliated by intercepting intelligence using an efficient radar system., a recent British invention.
Hitler cancelled the British invasion however much of western Europe was under the control of the axis powers.

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Battle Of Britain: Setting and the British Defense Organization

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Hitler's next move was to invade the City of Danzig in Poland, former German territory.
Known as blitzkrieg o "lightning war", Germany quickly and efficiently swept across Europe with deadly precision using airplanes and Panzer tanks.
Under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, denounced the German act but remained neutral,

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With German victory in Rhineland in 1936, Hitler Began another plan for expansion.
This began a series of campaigns to recover German territories lost World War 1.
Willing to make peace,  Chamberlain agreed to Hitler's demands,  leaving Czechs Helpless.
Through his successive victories, Hitler known to his people as the Führer or Great leader, declared himself as the most powerful German,  on March 25, 1939

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By gaining momentum in their military campaigns, the Axis Powers-Germany, italy,  and Japan--became military superpowers, a clear violation of the disarmament under the Treaty of Versailles.

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By November of 1936, having the same interest of limiting communist expansion  and military expansionist programs, Germany and Japan signed the anti-Comintern pact. Italy joined Japan and Germany in 1937. With alliance was formed between Germany, Italy, and Japan The Axis Powers.

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Totalitarianism and the Rise of Dictators

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Totalitarianism and the Rise of Dictators

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Tolatianirsm is form of government that uses absolute control over sociopolitical and even cultural aspects of a stage. Force in full motion, any opposition were sent to concentration campus or specialized prisons.
Most of the people sent to these camps were Jews and other undersired individuals due to heightened Anti-Semitism.  With Hitler's rise to absolute power comes bigger threats to peace in the west.

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decline of the Ottoman Empire already being labeled as the sick man of Europe during and after WWI, encouraged much of the middle east to experience a surge of nationalistic sentiments. Asian nationalism was also brewing Mohandas, Gandhi led the reform movements in India against the British Crown with non cooperation and civil disobedience as major platform leading to the Independence Movement.
In Japan, the growing economic inequalities due to the corruption of the zaibatsu. And In China revolutions against the imperial government led by Sun Yat Sen's Kuomintang Party to establishment of the Chinese Republic.

The warning of Democracy
Impact caused by postwar economic and political turmoil, it became difficult for government to remain intact and in power. Most democracies fell under the impact of the great depression, causing higher unemployment, worsening, inflation, and unfair corporate practices against labor. The rise of Lenin in the 1920, communism.

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Unlike the first World War  whose beginnings were caused by an interweaving of complex events, World War II started out. Aggression among states with rising political extremism shook most of the democratic world. the waning of democracy, and the rise of dictators formed new Alliances.

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s form of government that uses absolute control over

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The unresolved conflicts, growing bitterness, and economic unrest that resulted After the end of World War I, 20 years prior, continued to plague international relations. Trillion- truly a world war. the rise of new Leadership fueled by alternative ideologies awakened age-aggressions between the victors and the defeated. Democracy, freedom, and unity are once again challenged and a new world is called upon.

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A new world order began to form. In the place of old European Empires, sprang new states, most of which  were democracies.
Tsarist Russia fell into civil war, eventually leading to the rise of the communist. Ottoman Empire declined with the abolition of the Caliphate and the Establishment of the modern Turkish Republic. Levied taxes were increased, eventually causing a massive  rise in general prices, Called Inflation.
the plan granted Germany a loan of $200 million which led to arrival of American Investment in Europe ushering a brief  period of economic growth until 1924

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The Treaty of Versailles, What Did the Big Three Want? 1/2

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On January 25,1919, the Paris Peace Conference created the Inter-nation Peace  keeping organization  called The League of nations. By January 10 of the following year, the League was established  with 42 member states.

1. Prevent wars by reducing the military;

2. Promote collective security; and

3. settle International disputes through diplomacy.

The league proved to be weak. The Us Senate refused to ratify the treaty of Versailles, which weakened the effectiveness of the League.
The league proved to be weak. European affairs, known as isolationism. Wilhelm II was the German social democracy known as the Weimar Republic.
The Ottoman empire declined with the abolition of the caliphate and the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic.

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After the armistice agreement, the allies faced a war-torn Europe. Coupled with the desire to reorganize and establish peace between nations, the victors met at the Paris peace conference in 1919 to settle the terms for world peace. 27 European and Asians nations took part in the conference, known as the BIG FOUR.
President Woodrow Wilson of the United State, Prime minister David Llyod George of Britain,Premier Georges Clemenceau of France, and a prime minister Vittorio Orlando of italy.
THE HIGHLIGHT OF THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE REVOLVED AROUND WILSON'S 14 POINTS.

5 MAJOR TENETS

1. Open covenants of peace

2. Freedom of Navigation,Fair,Trade and the fair treatment of colonial people

3. Disarmament

4. The right to self determination .

5. The establishment of the League of nations.

1.5 million French people died and more that 3 million were wounded. the most important of these is the treaty of Versailles, which was signed on June 28, 1919. The German army was also reduced to 100,000 men, with no heavy artillery, tanks, war planes, or submarines. The German also lost some of its Eastern territories to the new state of Poland.
The territory of Alsace-Lorraine, conquered by Germany in 1871 was returned to France.

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Land and aerial warfare became a critical turning point in the end of World War I. for the first time in the history of warfare, airplanes took flight in the battlefront. tanks and poisonous gasses also became critical weapons in the resolution of the Great War.
FINAL OFFENSIVE: 1918
The Russians from the War, Allied victory seemed at a loss.Germans saw the opportunity to attack Paris to finally break the stalemate. Empire finall]y collapsed with the declaration of independence. By November, Germany remained as the only Central power at War.
November 11 at 11 in the morning, the New German government signed the armistice agreement, a document officially ending world War I.

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President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America proclaimed neutrality when the war broke out in August 1914. May 1915, the Germans torpedoed  an American tanker and sank the British passenger ship RMS Lusitania 1,100 civilians died, including 128 Americans.
Single naval battle ensued, the Battle of Jutland on May 31, 1916, where victory between the British and the Germans was inconclusive. German submarines were ordered to Attack all ships headed  towards Britain, many of which come from the United States. April 2, 1917, Woodrow Wilson cancelled all diplomatic ties with the Germany and asked the US Congress to declare war, which the legislative body approved.
This boosted the morale of the allied soldiers who have been fighting in trenches in the last three years. United States pushed German offensives back and by 1918, reinforced by the US soldiers, launched an ambitious attack against the western front.

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One important group known as the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanovsk,  alias Lenin, gave rise to Marxism in Russia.
In November 1915 Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government.

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On August 30, 1914 at the battle of Tannenberg, In Eastern Prussia and on September 15 at the Battle of Masurian Lakes respectively, the Germans defeated ]the Russians. Italy had been a loose ally of Germany and Austria-Hungary, thereby weakening the Front. Around 2.5 million Russians were either wounded or killed in this campaign.
With this humiliating defeat, the Russians were no longer a threat to German Supremacy.

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Much of the early months of world war I were fought by Germany in the Western Front-in Southern Belgium and Northern France. The German defeat at the Battle of Marne ended the Plan, dealing a critical blow to the hope of a quick victory. The advancing German Troops faced a stalemate against the French in trench warfare. no man's land.
Life in the western front proved even more difficult. The Battle of Verdun and the Battle of Somme,Both in 1916, Proved to be some of the most futile operations, shelling out casualties that number to the Hundreds of thousands without any positive result.

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The assassination of the archduke incited among national lines in Europe.
Germany Responded with a Blank check saying that it fully supports whatever action its ally would take against Serbia even if Russia becomes Involved. Since these Demands were too extreme, Serbia rejected them in the interest of sovereignty. on July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Germany foreseeing the possibility of a two-front war,  carried out the Schlieffen Plan against both Russia and France.
The Allied Powers Composed of the triple Entente(France,Russia,and Britain and
The Central powers, composed of the triple Alliance   (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy), as they call themselves after August 1914, proved to be Unstoppable.

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Declarations of war | First World War interactive | Chapter one

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The black hand, terrorist organization who wanted an independent Bosnia, threw a bomb at the archduke's car on the morning of June 28 but failed to assassinate him.

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The Great War 1914 to 1918 The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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The Great War 1914 to 1918 The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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The Spark that led to the explosion of the powder keg was the event that transpired in the summer of 1914. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire, and his wife Sophia the Duchess of Hohenberge visited the Bosnian capital city of sarajevo to open a state museum following the observation of military maneuvers in the city

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The Root of rivalries between European powers in 1800 was the rise of nationalism.
Nationalism is the shared belief of loyalty to the ethnicity and culture of a nation-satate.
With the defeat of the French in the Franco Prussian War In 1870-1871.

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Europe has grown to become the most powerful continent in the world.
The nineteenth century marked the development of nation-states sovereign countries composed of ethnically similar groups of self governing peoples.
Europeans believe that a more peaceful europe.

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The Alliance between European Superpowers  were further tested by looming revolutions in the Balkan Peninsula, a region in southeastern Europe, led by European minorities such as the Greek, Rumanians, the turks, and the Serbs.They did not subside as influence of Russia and the Austria-Hungary, Because of the ethnic conflicts that arose in region, historians call the Balkans the ''Powder Keg of Europe''.
Treaty of berlin 1878 provided Austria-Hungary a firm Succession of power in the region with the right to administer Bosnia and Herzegovina on October 6, 1908 Austro-Hungarian Empire officially annexed the nation.

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The triple alliance composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, and the triple Entente, a coalition between France and Britain, shaped the dangerous balance of power in Europe in the onset of the 20th Century. created the dual alliance between Austria-Hungary and Russia

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The World as our predecessor know it has changed tremendously.The modern World poses different challenges to the ever-growing global village.

This unity is designed to give you a glimpse of what man has achieved in the modern age-both the good and the destructive-in his quest to respond to the problems that confront him and to charter his future.

In this unit, you will uncover the events that led to the greatest of human struggles great world wars, clash of ideologies, and the yearning of man to finally cooperate with each others.

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The worsening internal and external situations in Europe caused nations to strengthen large armies in preparation for war. Between 1870 and 1914, military spending increased, doubling the size of European armies. Military spending in other European nations as ballooned. The brewing tension caused by growing nationalism worsened internal conflicts brought about by dissent between members of the same nation-state.

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The Roots of The Great War. The Rise of Nationalism and Colonial Rivalries

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The Roots of The Great War. The Rise of Nationalism and Colonial Rivalries