# data[].attributes.body
1. Stalin
2. Caucuses
3. Unpainted/Lacking Gun Sights
4. Street Fighting
5. Trenches
6. Vatili Zaitzev
7. Lady Death
8. Frederich Paulus
9. Operation Uranus

# data[].attributes.body
Remnants of germans in prison camps released most dead.

# data[].attributes.body
The Counter attack used to encircle the Germans was
_______

# data[].attributes.body
The General who asked Hitler to surrender was
_______

# data[].attributes.body
The nickname for the deadliest female Sniper is
_______

# data[].attributes.body
To travel secretly from the Germans they would have mazes out of
_______

# data[].attributes.body
The most famous Soviet sniper with a confirmed 225 kills
_______

# data[].attributes.body
The main fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad was
_______

# data[].attributes.body
The Soviets were so hurried for resistance, that they would send in tanks
_______

# data[].attributes.body
The Germans wanted the Oil Fields of the _______

# data[].attributes.body
Who was the current Leader of Russia

# data[].attributes.body
German troops trapped at Stalingrad surrender.

# data[].attributes.body
German Gen. Friedrich von Paulus, commander in chief of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad, urgently requests permission from Adolf Hitler to surrender his position

# data[].attributes.body
Sixth army reports its first death by starvation after being encircled

# data[].attributes.body
Field Marshal von Manstein’s army group launches an attack to relieve the 6th Army in Stalingrad. German advance is halted by the Soviets.

# data[].attributes.body
Encirclement is complete trapping roughly 290,000 Axis troops.

# data[].attributes.body
Red Army begins Operation Uranus to encircle German 6th Army.

# data[].attributes.body
September 13, 1942 – German ground offensive starts in the city.

# data[].attributes.body
Battle of Stalingrad begins as the Luftwaffe begins to bomb the city and Soviet shipping on the Volga River  killing 40,000 civilians

# data[].attributes.body
Panzer column reaches Volga River just north of Stalingrad.

# data[].attributes.body
Commanded the 6th army during the Battle of Stalingrad. Asked permission to break out and surrender which he could have done, but Hitler refused.

# data[].attributes.body
The Soviet military officer that was the commander of the 62nd army during the Battle of Stalingrad. “We will defend the city or die in the attempt."

# data[].attributes.body
The Soviet Red Army General who Launched Operation Uranus in The Battle of Stalingrad.  The counteroffensive attack that led to the turning point in WWII

# data[].attributes.body
- Russia suffered major casualties that to this day not all of the building are completlet repared
- One of the deadliest battles with a death count of over 1 million
- Stalin did not evacuate the city so in the Blitzkreig over 40,000 citizens were killed
- Ended up putting Germans in camp most of them dying before they were let out

# data[].attributes.body
- After the Germans lost Stalingrad they did not advance any farther= into eastern Europe or Russia
- The Soviet Army gained strenght and spent alot of the rest of WWII fightig the Germand to get the territory that Russia has lost back
- Over 150,000 Germans died in the fighting giving a Soviet victory and a great humiliation for hitler, who elabated the battle;s importance
- Russians were able to keep their oil field in the Caucuses, for if Hitler got his hands on it he could create a German empire with the resources
- Destroyed many planes from the Luftwaffe

# data[].attributes.body
The Russian Counter attack to take the Germans on at their own game. Carry out a massive encirclement to cut them off from all rescources.

# data[].attributes.body
It was the Russian name for the counter attack to be launched by the new armies raised during the summer. It was intended to take the Germans on at their own game and carry out a massive encirclement of the sixth army. This would be done by driving through the weakest points of the German front North and South of the Sixth army and Fourth Panzer Army, and Kalatsch fifty miles west of Stalingrad. For Uranus the Red Army had amassed over a million men, 900 tanks, 12,000 artillery pieces, 100 multiple rocket launcher batteries, support by 12,000 aircrafts.

# data[].attributes.body
This order stated that if any member or the red army chose to desert they would be killed. This made sure that their numbers would not decrease for people who wanted to leave.

# data[].attributes.body
On July 27, 1942. Stalin issued order No. 227. This was known as the "not one step backward." Officers and soldiers who deserted or showed signs of defeatism, were ordered to execution. They would be sent to penal battalion, a virtual death.

# data[].attributes.body
To the Germans the war was known as the Rat War. Germany brought 77 tanks from the 6th army, and 103 from the Romanian 1 Tank division. When they entered Stalingrad many of there vehicles had been removed. As the taking of Stalingrad was now a matter of street fighting. Armies engaged in close quarters house to house battles. The Soviet army was formed with another line of troops as a last resort of defense behind the leading forces. Red army troops built a maze of trenches, traveled through damaged building and used the sewer system to sneak past the Germans.

# data[].attributes.body
Germans brought in Italian and Romanian reinforcements as the Germans started loosing morale. These troops also had low morale and were poorly trained. Not benefiting the Germans what so ever.

# data[].attributes.body
The freezing conditions in Stalingrad forces the Germans to bring Italian and Romanian armies to support the flanks of the 6th army and 4th Panzer army. Fighting inside Stalingrad was weakening German forces and causing them to pull units from sides into the city. The Romanian and Italian troops were poorly trained and had low morale. This means they would be the first targets for the planned Soviet counteroffensive.

# data[].attributes.body
Having the proper clothes for winter played out as an advantage for the Russians. As the Germans were dying quickly because they did not have enough supplies to keep them warm. The Russians could comfortably still fight, because they had clothes already adapted to their surroundings.

# data[].attributes.body
The Red Army had better clothing for the freezing cold conditions. They had quilted jackets, fur hats, felt boots, and sheepskin jackets.

# data[].attributes.body
The German Army's winter clothing was held in supply depots outside the perimeter, and the men only had temperate-climate uniforms, leather boots and one blanket per man. Straw and old newspapers became prized to stuff boots, and pack inside of jackets.

# data[].attributes.body
The Germans might have been prepare with firepower, but not for the weather. Soviets recovered 250,000 frozen German and Romanian Corpses.

# data[].attributes.body
Named "Lady Death" for being one of the most Deadly Snipers for the Soviets During World War II. She had a total of 309 confirmed kills. 36 of them enemy Snipers. While touring the US with Eleanor Roosevellt she was bombarded with Questions about fashion hairstyle and whether she wore makeup in battle her Response:
"Gentlemen, I am 25 years old and I have killed 309 fascist occupants by now. Don’t you think, gentlemen, that you have been hiding behind my back for too long?"

# data[].attributes.body
Lyudmila Pavlichenko was born in a small village outside of Ukraine. After hearing a neighbor boast of his skill at the shooting range, she began practicing with a rifle. When the German invaded she immediately volunteered. Recruiters tried to steer her torward becoming a nurse, but she insisted to be give a combat tole. At her audition she was asked to take out two distant Romanians who were working with the Germans. She picked them off easily and was enlisted into the 25th Chapayev rifle division. Pavlichenko fought in Odessa, Moldavia, and in Sevastopol against a German Siege. She gained reputation for accuracy, and picking off dozens of soldiers at a rime. She was given the most dangerous assignments. Including counter-sniping and engaging in sniper duels lasting for days. Germans would even attempt to bribe her with chocolate, shouting on loud speakers they would make her an officer. She was wounded four times and took a blast of Shrapnel to the face. Where she later ob engaged in propaganda to train new snipers. In less than a year of combat she had made 309 confirmed kills including 36 enemy snipers. That is 84 more Vasili Zaitsev who is celebrated as a national hero. This made her one of the deadliest snipers in History.

# data[].attributes.body
Both Germans and Soviets Employed Infamous Snipers. Vasili Zaitsev was the most famous Soviet Sniper with a total of 225 confirmed kills.

# data[].attributes.body
What made this battle so famous was the Infamous Snipers. Both Germans and Soviets employed snipers, and the destroyed building of Stalingrad made it ideal for cover. The most famous Soviet Sniper was Vassili Zaitzev, with a total of 225 Confirmed kills  was celebrated as a national hero.

# data[].attributes.body
Germans had the advantage with artillery and tanks. Meanwhile the Soviets used there knowledge of the city to sneak around in trenches and sewers.

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Stalingrad was the successful Soviet defense of the city Stalingrad in U.S.S.R during World War II. The Germans advanced towards Stalingrad during the Summer of 1942.  Stalingrad bore the name of the current dictator of the U.S.S.R, Joseph Stalin. Because it bore Stalin’s name it was of high importance for the morale of the Soviet forces to hold it. The desperation for Soviet resistance to the German advance was clear. Work continued in the weapon factories and was in so much need for weaponry that tanks went into battle unpainted, and sometimes lacking gun sights. Men not even in the Red Army (Soviet army), were formed into a militia and sent into battle. Usually without proper training and high casualties. Women and children dug trenches and built a protective fortification. But would also fight machine gunners, and as scouts and snipers.

On the 12th of  September, the first German troops moved into the city, and they attacked straight into the Urban area. The armies engaged in close quarters house to house battles. Soviets established frontline positions as close as possible to the German lines, the safest place from German air and artillery attacks. Stalin ended up sending his top General Zhukov to supervise the entire Southern Front. Instead, Vasily Chuikov took over the 62nd army in the city. While the previous general set up for a counter offense, Chuikov pushed his troops into combat. When asked why he decided his task he said, “We will defend the city or die in the attempt." Reinforcements were ferried across the Volga (the longest river in Europe) under fire into the ruins with enough troops that made it to the other side to keep at least part of the city in Soviet hands.

Soviet and German troop casualties were mounting, and ensuring the defense of Stalingrad Stalin issued order No. 227 on July 27, 1942 (also known as not one step backward). Armies were formed with another line of troops that acted as a last line of defense behind the leading forces. Officers and soldiers who deserted could be sent to penal battalion, which was a virtual death sentence. Red army troops built a maze of trenches (some dug by women and children) and damaged buildings and used the sewer system to sneak past the Germans.

What made this battle relevant through the years was the infamous snipers. Both sides employed snipers, and the destroyed buildings of Stalingrad made it an ideal environment for cover. The most famous Soviet sniper was Vassili Zatsev. He had 225 confirmed kills and was celebrated as a hero. At the end of September and in mid- October the Germans came close to victory, but the Soviets clung on the to the part of the city’s northern factory district. The advance to Stalingrad brought other problems for the Axis powers. Hitler, the dictator of the Nazi Party, had fired several of his generals in the summer after arguments over his strategic plan. Now Hitler was making many command decisions himself. The winter caused problems for both the Soviets and the German, breaking down tanks and made weapons more difficult to operate. However, this served as an advantage to the Red Army, because they had better clothing for the freezing conditions with quilted jackets and fur hats. Stalingrad forced the Germans to bring in the Italian and Romanian armies to support the flanks of the 6th and 4th Panzer army. Fighting inside Stalingrad was weakening German forces and causing them to pull units from sides into the city.

The Romanian and Italian troops were poorly trained and had low morale. This means they would be the first targets for the planned Soviet counteroffensive. It started with the Soviets attacking Hungarian positions north of Stalingrad on Nov. 19. Then on the South the next day was devastating the Romanian fronts. Within a week the two advancing Red army forces had joined up and cut Stalingrad off. (Operation Uranus) General Paulus leading the German army asked permission to break out and surrender which he could have done, but Hitler refused. Instead of promising to resupply the trapped German army by air.

General Erich von Manstein was brought in to lead a relief attempt for the surrounded pocket but had to retreat before Christmas. The air supply effort also cost the Luftwaffe hundreds of transport aircraft, and only managed to deliver a fraction of its supplies.

Germany now short of fuel, food, and ammunition the German sixth army now faced superior forces all around them. The last German troops in the city would surrender on February 2nd, 1943. The battle of Stalingrad was a crushing blow to Nazi Germany, and the losses to the vermacht could not be replaced.

Daniella Salazar

# data[].attributes.body
Shows a broken Down T-34 Tank in Stalingraf. Often they would be sent unpainted and lacking gun sights, because of a growing need for resistance.

# data[].attributes.body
The city of Stalingrad bore the name of the current dictator of the U.S.S.R, Joseph Stalin. Because it bore Stalin’s name it was of high importance for the morale of the Soviet forces to hold it. The Soviets were in need for so much resistance and weaponry, that often T-34 tanks went to battle unpainted, and lacking gun sights.

# data[].attributes.body
Caucuses have many economically important minerals and energy resources. The Caucuses in Russia were oil fields especially vital for Russia's economy, and Hitlers aim for an economic empire.

# data[].attributes.body
Hitler wanted to destroy Jewish Bolshevism in Russia, that he saw as a major world enemy. On the other hand he also wanted the vast resources of the Soviet Union, then he could build a huge German economic empire. Most valuable though were the huge oil fields of the Caucuses, but the only thing that lay in Germany's way was the city of Stalingrad.