# data[].attributes.body
5d
IMPORTANT EVENTS
In the Field of Literature
-Indian Literature is believed to be the Oldest in the World
-It has produced large huge volumes of literary works.
-that the RIG VEDAS is the oldest literary work in the history of the mankind.
-Indians developed elaborate and spectacular dramas.
-that KALIDASA is the first famous drama of India.
-That the period of literature was the outcome of the rise of the new Arabic-Persian culture in Bangha
IMPORTANT EVENTS

Lornamyrrh Judiel Bandian
5d

# data[].attributes.body
>To know how did South and Western Asians Contributions to Civilizations influence the world's culture.

>To familliarize to their terms and meaning.

>to know the effects of South and West Asian Nations, beliefs, traditions and philosophies.

>To visualize ideas that are important in the Development of their tasks.

# data[].attributes.body
-In the Field of Literature
-In the Field of Painting
-Indian Sculpture and Architecture
-Arabic Sculpture and Architecture
-Dance and Music in South and West Asia.
-In the Field of Sports
-Chess
-Playing cards
-Martial Arts
-Mathematics
-Astronomy
-Medicine
-Horticulture
-Crafts

# data[].attributes.body
1. -RAMAYANA

2. -SHAKUNTALA

3. -OMAR KAYYAM

4. -TABARI

5. -BUKHARI

6. -MASUDI

7. -IBN AL-THIR

8. -IBN BATUTA

9. -ZAYNAB

10. -ABU FAZAL

11. -SAGS

12. -AL-RAZI

13. -AL-KHWARIZMI

14. -AVICENNA

15. -IBN Al-NAFIS

16. -AL-FILAHAT

17. -IBN AL-AWAM

# data[].attributes.body
In the Field of Literature
-Indian Literature is believed to be the Oldest in the World
-It has produced large huge volumes of literary works.
-that the RIG VEDAS is the oldest literary work in the history of the mankind.
-Indians developed elaborate and spectacular dramas.
-that KALIDASA is the first famous drama of India.
-That the period of literature was the outcome of the rise of the new Arabic-Persian culture in Bangha

# data[].attributes.body
In the Field of Painting
-That the Indian Visual Arts were first discovered in primitive cave or rock paintings.
-Provide an artistic variety that covers from the early civilization to the present day.
-(idolatry)worship of a physical object as a god and thereby sin against God which is forbidden in the Qur'an.
-that Indian paintings were usually dine on the walls o palaces and houses of the well-to-to Indians usually done on stonewaalls and surfaces.

# data[].attributes.body
Arabic Sculpture and Architecture
-That Islamic architecture is influenced  by the ROMAN, Byzantine, and Persian Arts.Dome of the rock in Jerusalem is one of the most important and famous Islamic architecture.
the Islamic Architectural styles are usually seen in their Mosque, Tomb, Palace, and Forts.

# data[].attributes.body
Indian Sculpture and Architecture
-Arjuna's Penance as one of the biggest stone carvings in the world. and it comprises over hundred figures of earth creatures as well as gods.
-that EARTH, SPACE and HEAVEN represents the feet, head, and head of a cosmic man.
-it proved them to be skilled in construction while the stone images of their gods and seals reveal their artistry.

# data[].attributes.body
Dance and Music in South and West Asia,
-That India has numerous classical dance styles.
-the oldest of which Natyashastra from which all the other Indian classical dance styles derived from.
-Dance-dramas is the collection of the Indian dances.

# data[].attributes.body
chess, playing cards, martial arts, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, horticulture, and crafts
> chess
* chess, according to writers and historians originated from India and was later on passed to the Persians.
> playing cards
* the game was recorded to be one of the favorite pastimes of the royalty and nobility of the Indian Royal Courts.
> martial arts
* this art travelled from India to other countries along with the Buddhist monks.
* judo and karate are sought to be kept as arts to be used by the purpose of protecting the weak.
> mathematics
* the arabic numeral and the arab zero provided new solutions for complex mathematical problem.
> Astronomy
* astrolabe was used by the Arabs to record the excat time of sunrises and sunsets, to chart the period for fasting and time for praying .
* through astronomy, the Arabs were able  to chart the zodiac,and to define the length of a degree.
> medicine
* it was the Arabs who pioneered and improved the therapeutic arts of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt.
> horticulture
* Arabian horticulture gave rise to the production of different products in Europe.
> Crafts
* The Arabs raised small-scale crafts to perfection.

# data[].attributes.body
"In the Field of Literature"
-INDIAN LITERATURE
-KALIDASA
-SHRUTI LITERATURE
-SMRITI LITERATURE
-GREAT EPICS OF MAHABHARATA
-VEDAS
-RIG VEDAS
-RAMAYANA
-SITA
-INDIANS
-SHAKUNTALA
-ARABIC LITERATURE
-QUR'AN
-ONE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS & OMAR KHAYYAM'S "RUBAIYAT"
-ZAYNAB

# data[].attributes.body
"In the Field of Painting"
-INDIAN VISUAL ARTS
-HUNTING
-AJANTA CAVES
-MURALS
-MINIATURE PAINTINGS
-ISLAMIC PAINTINGS
-ARABESQUE
-IDOLATRY

# data[].attributes.body
"Indian Sculpture and Architecture"
-Arjuna's Penance
-Agra Red Fort
-INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
-HARAPPAN
-URBAN PLANNING SKILLS
-3 ELEMENTS SYMBOLIC OF THE EARTH

# data[].attributes.body
"Arabic Sculpture and Architecture"
-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
-SCULPTURE
-DOME OF THE ROCK
-DOME

# data[].attributes.body
"Dance and Music in South and West Asia"
-NATYASHASTRA
-DANCE-DRAMAS
-MUDRA
-HASTA
-THEOLOGY
-INDIAN MUSIC
-BELLY DANCE
-MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
-OUD

# data[].attributes.body
"In the Field of Sports"
* chess
* "checkmate"
* astapada
* Raksha
* Kridapatrams
* Kalaripayate
* Arabic numeral
* Arab zero
* Arab decimal system
* Algebra
* Algebraic computations.
* astrolabe
* astronomy
* mercurial ointment
* herbal medicines
* Arabian horticulture
* civilization
* small-scale crafts

# data[].attributes.body
*In the Field of Literature
>Indian Literature
-is believed to be the OLDEST in the WORLD.
>Shruti Literature
-means "revealed or heard"
-written in "Vedas" and              "Upanishads"
>Vedas -Most Renowned asset of mankind.
>Rig Vedas -Oldest Literary Work.
>Smriti
-means "That which is remembered"
-Includes guiding principal for beliefs, Moral Obligations, Social codes, and customs.

>Great Epics Mahabharata
-One of the Greatestand Longest Epic in the World.
-Give us an account of the Tribal wars of India.
>Ramayana
-Gives us an account of the Epic Hero Rama.
-Examples of Smriti Literature.
>Sita
-Wife of Ramayana
>Shakuntala
-written by Kalidasa.
-First Famous Drama of India.
>Arabic Literature
-Written in Arabic languange.
-turks, persians, syrians, and other Asians.
>Odes
-express love of nature, bravery, themes of love, struggles, persuit and supremacy of god.
>Qur'an
-essential focus learning.
>Banghad
-capital of the Abbasids.
>Zaynab
-first modern Arabic Literature.

# data[].attributes.body
"In the Field of Painting"
>Indian Visual Arts
-First discovered in primitive cave or rock paintings.
-Depict animals and scenes of human activities in the Ancient Times.
>Human Activities
-Hunting.
>Indian Paintings
-provide an artistic variety that covers from the early civilization to the present day.
-usually done on the walls of palaces and houses of the well-to-do Indians usually done on stonewalls and surfaces.
>Murals
-are large artworks done on the wall of solid structures.
-examples: Ajanta Caves and Kailashnath Temple.
>Miniature Paintings
-Usually done for books or albums or drawn on paper or cloth.
>Islamic Paintings
-usually picture elements of repeated geometric floral and plant design.
>Arabesque
-Used to symbolize the supreme, united, and endless nature of God.
>Muslims
-Believe that the depiction of the human form is idolatry.
>Idolatry
-Worship of a physical object as a God and thereby a sin against God which is forbidden in the Qur'an.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Arts of India - An Introduction | Culture Express

# data[].attributes.body
"Indian Sculpture and Architecture"
>Arjuma's Penance
-known as one of the biggest stone carvings in the world.
>Agra Red Fort
-a colossal structure on the bank of river Yamuna.
>Indian  Architecture
-Bgean with the Harrapan civilization.
>Harrapan
-Known as the "Great Baths"
>Urban Planning skills
-Proved them to be skilled in construction while the stone images of their gods and seals reveal their artistry.
>Indians
-reveal their architectural skills .
>3 Elements Symbolic of the Earth
-Earth (BASE)
-Space(WALLS)
-Heaven(SPIRE)

# data[].attributes.body
Dance and Music in South and West Asia
>Natyashastra
-

# data[].attributes.body
"Arabic Sculpture and Architecture"
>Islamic Architecture
-embraces noth non-spiritual and religous forms.
.Sculpture
-influenced by Roman, Byzantine, and Persian Arts.
>Islamic Architectural styles
-usually seen in their Mosque, Tomb, Palace, and Forts.
>Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
-one of the most important and famous Islamic architecture.
>Dome
-feauures arched spaces,a circular dome and decorative arabesque patterns.
>Islamic Architecture
-Great Mosque of Damascus.
-The Great Mosque of Damascus.
-Abu Dalaf in Iraq.

# data[].attributes.headline
"SOUTH AND WEST ASIAN CONTRIBUTORS TO CIVILIZATION"

# data[].attributes.subject
"SOUTH AND WEST ASIAN CONTRIBUTORS TO CIVILIZATION"

# data[].attributes.body
In the Field of Sports

# data[].attributes.body
>Chess
-Has been known in India by the name Chatur-Anga.
-Has 4 ANGAS/MEMBER to be elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers.
*Checkmate - from Shan Mat which means "The King is dead"
*Astapada -which means 8 step squares used to describe the eight step squares that the modern chessboard has.
-64 (8x8) squares
*Raksha -which means a soldier "to protect"

>Playing Cards
-Also originated in Ancient India and was known as Kridapatrams,
-was recorded to be one of the favorite pastimes of the royalty and nobility Fazal.
*Fazal -author of the Ain-e-Akhari.
-game of cars was invented by Sags
*Sags -who took the number 12 as the basis and made a set of 12 cards.
-every king had 11 followers
-a pack has 144 cards
*Mughals -retained 12 sets having 94 cards.
-all of these were painted by Ramayana and Mahabharata.
-were also hand-made and painted in the traditional style.

>Martial Arts
-claimed to have been the origin of judo and karate.
*Karate -was called Kalaripayate
-Buddhist monks travelled barefoot and unarmed.
-they also accepted this art as an alternative to violence.
-found this techinique necessary as they exposed to dangers from bandits and fanatics ro other religions.
-Martial Arts were transmitted to China, Korea, and Japan.

>Mathematics
-created by the Arabs
*Arabic numeral & Arab zero provided new solutions for complex mathematical problems.
*Algebra -came from the arabs
-invention of Al-Khwarizmi.

>Astronomy
-arabs enhanced the astrolabe with religion in mind.
*Astrolobe -was used by the Arabs to record the exact time of sunrises and sunsets
-Arabs were able to chart the zodiac and to define the length of degree

>Medicine
-it was Arabs who pioneered and improved the therapeutic arts of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt.
*Al-Razi -was the first to ascertain smallpox and measles.
-came the invention of mercurial ointment.
*Arabs -considered Europe as the greatest writer of medicine.
*Avicenna -pioneered the study of mental health

>Horticulture
-gave the rise to the production of diff. products in Europe.
*Al-Filahat and Ibn al-wham -discovered the method of grafting, soil conditioning and the curing of diseased vines and trees.
-Arabs were responsible for the wine industries in Europe.

>Crafts
-Arabs raised small-scale crafts to perfection.
*small scale crafts
-are mae up of glassware, ceramics, and textile weaves.
-usually shown on wall coverings.
-wall coverings include mosaics, tiles, carving, and paintings.
-Arabs - were also keen in silk weaving
-Arab linens made of muslim cotton and shiraz wool became bywords for Quality among Europeans.