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                                     Washington (1790)

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                                     Washington (1790)

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How did he communicate with the people?
His State of the Union address was published in almost every newspaper. The entire speech was published, not just snippets of what benefits certain parties. He specifically addressed the speech for the American people and Congress.
How did it change from the previous president?
Washington was the first president of the United States!

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How did he communicate with the people?
Lincoln's speeches and debates with Stephen Douglas were published in the newspapers, as full versions. Additionally, Lincoln was the first president to install a telegraph in the White House, which many believe is part of his win in the Civil War. With use of the telegraph, he was able to communicate directly with army generals, which helped them develop strategies and foster communication during the war.
How did it change from Washington?
During Washington's presidency, the telegraph had not yet been invented. Washington couldn't directly communicate with those not in the capital. Additionally, Washington also ran unopposed, so debates were not published in the newspaper as Lincoln's were.

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How did he communicate with the people?
McKinley used moving pictures and film to advertise his campaign and persuade others to vote for him. He had the first filmed inauguration.
How does this differ from Lincoln?
Lincoln was not filmed at any point in time, and McKinley used this film to advertise a campaign for himself. Film became a more personal way for candidates to connect with their audience, rather than reading from paper, the people could see the candidate and his mannerisms.

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How did this president communicate with the people?
Teddy Roosevelt came up with a method to try to educate the public, rather than persuade. This was called the bully pulpit. Additionally, Teddy Roosevelt used catchy slogans that stuck with the public and were utilized by cartoonists and newspaper editors.
How did this differ from McKinley?
This was the first time that a president coined a term for teaching and communicating as a whole. Roosevelt was the first president to come up with an idea that dealt with directly speaking to the public, rather than just using only campaign ads and newspaper articles.

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How did he communicate with the people?
While he wasn't the first president to utilize radio addresses, FDR gained great popularity in his "Fireside Chats" in which he utilized his natural charisma to keep the American people interested. Radio was his main medium for speaking directly to the people.
How did this differ from Teddy Roosevelt?
FDR was the first president to have his State of the Union address aired on the radio. He used his charismatic, rather than Teddy's charismatic use of words, to convey his thoughts and actions to the people.

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How did he communicate with the people?
His debates with Richard Nixon were the first televised debates in election history. TV's visual representation of JFK gave him the political edge, providing not only an appeal with words, but also action and appearance.
How did this differ from FDR?
On radio, many candidates seemed neck and neck for the presidency. However, because of JFK's attractive appearance and charisma on live television, many believe that that is what gave him the edge over Nixon. FDR only had the resource of radio, and could not use physical attraction as a method for becoming president.

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How did he communicate with the people?
Clinton was the first president to utilize email, even though it was barely utilized. Having more advanced resources, Clinton was able to use radio, TV, and personal messaging (email) to appeal to the people.
How does this differ from JFK?
JFK had to use his charisma and appearance to gain a greater following, but Clinton simply could advertise his campaign through the internet, a luxury not so accessible to the previous president.

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How did he communicate with the people?
Obama was the first president to tweet as the president of the United States, though it wasn't often used. Additionally, Obama utilized the rhetorical aspects of speech to communicate with the people. Through public speaking, his addresses both connected with the audience and communicated his vision for the country effectively. Obama also became president during a growing age of media bias, social media gaining popularity, with the use of radio and TV.
How does this differ from Clinton?
Clinton wasn't able to use social media as a platform to appeal to the people directly. Both were able to use the internet more accessibly, however with growing social media popularity, Obama became a more widely talked about concept on the internet.

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How did he communicate with the people?
Social media was Trump's main form of communication with the public. Comparable to FDR and his radio talks, Trump uses his tweets to communicate directly with the people, rather than participating in a news conference that lacks personality and swiftness.
How does this differ from Obama?
Obama rarely used Twitter as a method for communication. Trump, however, used the social media as a ways to quickly get to his supporters. With a few clicks of a button, rather than Obama's public speaking, Trump could quickly get a message to his supporters.