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Progressivism in education was a part of a larger socio-political movement of general reform taking part in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Progressivism as an educational theory was a definite reaction against traditional education, which had emphasized formal methods of instruction, mental learning, and the literary classics of Western civilization.

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Progressives generally condemned the following; an authoritarian teacher,

heavy reliance on textbooks or bookish methods of instruction,

passive learning by memorization of information and factual data,

the four-walls approach to education that sought to isolate education from social reality, and the use of fear or physical punishment as a form of discipline

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The progressives go against the traditional method of teaching/education by putting the child at the focal point of school. Progressive theory states that children have a natural desire to learn and discover things about the world around them which puts them in the perfect situation to learn.

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The school is a microcosm of the larger society.   Progressives believe that education in schools should be seen in terms of how people are educated and how they learn in the world around them, because meaningful education is life itself and does not strictly happen within the wall of a school.

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the role of the school should be to provide a warm and nonthreatening environment where a childs need can be met. This atmosphere will provide an effective context for learning. Glasser calls for individual responsibility from each student, since being responsible is intimately related to self worth.

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The free school movement can be seen largely as a revolt from a public education. The free schools were developed by dissatisfied parents and teachers who wanted to get their children away from an authoritative system with its emphasis on a structured curriculum and demands of conformity. Free schools have been established in all types of locations and no two of these schools are alike, and each has its own reason for existence.

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Pupils are active rather than passive. Progressives believe that Children are not passive beings who are just waiting for a teacher to stuff their minds with unlimited  information. They believe that students are dynamic beings that naturally want to learn and will learn if they are not frustrated in their learning by adults and authorities who seek to impose their wills and goals upon them.

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The teacher’s role is that of advisor, guide, and fellow traveler, rather than that of authoritarian and classroom director. Teachers are individuals who will learn with their students as they guide student energies and direct student interests in the learning enterprise. The role of teachers can be seen as that of helping students learn how to learn by themselves, so that they will develop into self-sufficient adults in a changing environment.

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provides a schooling experience that seeks to break up the rigidity of the traditional classroom. It is a decentralized classroom in which the desks are separated into clusters and space is divided into learning areas. The open classroom does not have a rigid schedule when it comes to either time or materials that need to be covered. An open classroom seeks to provide a learning community where both teachers and students work together.

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The humanistic educators’ emphasis on individuality created a lot of diversity in approaches to schooling. The top three institutional formats are: The open classroom, the free school, and schools without failure.

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Humanists  want to create educational relationships permeated with trust and a sense of security. It was their belief that such an atmosphere would free students from destructive and energy-consuming fears and would also allow more energy to be expended toward individual growth and the development of creativity

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Classroom activity should focus on problem solving rather than on artificial methods of teaching subject matter. The progressives based their curricular and teaching approaches on problems of significance to their students. In doing this they developed the project method of instruction.

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Humanists want to provide learning environments that would lead to individual growth.which is why the fundamental purpose of education for the humanists is centered on self-actualization.  As a result, openness, the use of imagination, and experimentation in fantasy were encouraged, while standardized testing and mass teaching were frowned upon.

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Organized progressivism came to an end in the mid-fifties, however the ideas of the progressives were adopted by The humanists.

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Central to the humanistic movement in education has been a desire to create learning environments in which children are free from intense competition, harsh discipline, and the fear of failure.

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The social atmosphere of the school should be cooperative and democratic.

Progressives believe that a school should promote student government, the free discussion of ideas, and the involvement of students and faculty in both learning and educational planning.