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This photo shows unacceptable latrine with no roof, no door and no squarthole cover in one of the school but still under use.

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What does the picture you have chosen illustrate in your point of view? 

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What does the picture you have chosen illustrate in your point of view? 

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It illustrates the nature of structure used in most of the schools and communities.
It illustrate how people lives are in danger both schools and in the communities.
It illustrates the nature of  structure that inconveniences' peoples lives.
It illustrates the cause of diseases out breaks both at school and in the communities due to these kind of un improved latrine .
It lustrates causes of poor hygiene and sanitation in both school and communities.
It illustrates poor planning and management of finances in both schools and communities.
It illustrates how the level of poverty endangers people lives.
It illustrates luck of enough resources such as funds to facilitate school and community programs.

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Does it show a sole case or stand for a broader problem? 

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Does it show a sole case or stand for a broader problem? 

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According to our field research when we visited most communities and schools most of them hard un improved latrines so it really gave us clear view that it's broader problem.

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PROBLEM ANALYSIS

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For how long has this problem been existing? 

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For how long has this problem been existing? 

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It has existed for more than ten years.

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Why is this problem existing? Who is responsible? 

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Why is this problem existing? Who is responsible? 

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This problem exists due to corrupt officials who divert funds for such activities for their own benefits.
Poor maintenance by the beneficiaries for example the school and the community within.
The problem exists due to the negative attitude of the workers and the beneficiaries.
Un-skilled labour also leads to the existence of the problem.(poor workmanship)
Ignorance of the community members on how to take care of the property also leads to the existence of the problem.
Due to lack of expertise. Many people lack skills to do good and quality work.
Poor Government guidelines and policies also leads to the existence of the problem.

The following are the people responsible for this problem:-
The local leaders who do not monitor their work.
The community member who neglect their role.
The contractors who do sub standard wok in schools.
The engineers who don't give the correct B.O.Qs to schools
The Government that employs people.

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Have there been attempts to overcome this problem? If so, why have they failed?

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Have there been attempts to overcome this problem? If so, why have they failed?

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Yes, attempts have been put in place but to a small extent.
They have failed because of lack of resources to put up good structures in schools.
Failure to make follow-ups has made these attempts to fail.
Poor leadership whereby leaders are taken up by their personal developments, don't care, take things for granted.
Underdevelopment whereby people put up structures of lower standards in schools.

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What could people do in their personal surrounding (school, family, village) in order to solve this problem? Which obstacles need to be overcome? 

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What could people do in their personal surrounding (school, family, village) in order to solve this problem? Which obstacles need to be overcome? 

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People should mobilize resources in order to put up improved structures in schools.
People should also lobby for assistance from NGOs and CBOs for the better and improvement of the school structures.
People should organize for fund-raisings in order to get more for development.
People should also seek for some assistance from well-wishers.
Plan for meetings where the problems can be discussed about.
Reporting to the local opinion leaders.

The obstacles which need to be overcome include:-
Ignorance of the people who just watch the problem without taking an action.
Laziness of people.
Lack of unity among people.
Poverty that strikes people.
Poor mobilization strategies from the leaders.
Lack of skills.

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What needs to be done by state institutions in order to achieve change? Which obstacles need to be overcome? 

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What needs to be done by state institutions in order to achieve change? Which obstacles need to be overcome? 

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State institutions should:-
Be able to identify problems.
Communicate and sensitize the community.
Lobby for funds from NGOs and other well-wishers.
They should also teach people how to feel about something that belongs to them.

The Obstacles that need to be overcome are:-
Poor resource management.
Co-operation amongst people within the community.
Poverty that strikes people.

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What needs to be done to make change sustainable? 

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What needs to be done to make change sustainable? 

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Set by-laws to guard against such problem.
Involve community members in providing security to safe guard the school property.
Use of durable construction materials which make the structures better.
Use of skilled labour so that quality work is done.
Adhering to the set BOQs i.e. set standards of work.
Sensitizing communities on their roles.