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How Can I Support My Student with Autism

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How Can I Support My Student with Autism

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June 21, 2016
Below is a letter by Mrs. Kamini Lakhani, who founded Support for Autistic Individuals (SAI Connections) in 2004 in Mumbai, India. Kamini is the mother of a young adult with autism and has been providing services in the field of autism for more than 20 years. The post originally appeared on the SAI website here.
We met at a party. She was young and vivacious. We hit it off immediately as we both were from the education field.

She was a 4th grade teacher. As soon as she heard that I worked with people with autism, a barrage of questions and comments followed. You see, she was teaching a child with autism in one of her classes.
"It's impossible to handle him." "He's totally disruptive and creates a ruckus in my class." "What an attention seeker!" "Do you think he should be attending regular school?" "He can't sit still, even for a moment." "I don't think he's capable of learning." "His mother is so demanding and she overestimates her child's abilities."
I didn't have to say much to keep this conversation going. The occasional head nods and several "hmms" sufficed. It felt different hearing the educator's point of view... the viewpoint of someone teaching children with autism. I'm more accustomed to hearing stories from parents about how unfairly teachers treat their children at mainstream school. It felt like the proverbial elephant. One person described the trunk, whereas the other described the torso. It didn't feel like they were describing the same magnificent animal. Today, I'd like to address things from the view point of mainstream teachers via an Open letter.

Dear Teacher,

First, I'd like to commend you for taking up this profession. You had a choice of other more lucrative careers - but you chose to take up this noble profession. I'm certain that your intent was to make a difference in the lives of children. But here is this one student, who you can't handle, who makes you uncomfortable, and creates a storm in your classroom. Secretly, you wish he wasn't in your class.

You probably feel guilty about thinking these thoughts - but you just can't deal with his odd and disruptive behaviors. I know how you feel. Mohit, my son is now 27. For 10 years of his life he attended regular schools. I had the opportunity to interact with and explain autism to several wonderful teachers. I'd like you to shift gears for a little while.

Let's move from how you feel to how this child feels. What if you came to know that this kid is not disrupting your class deliberately. He has a differently wired brain. Not abnormal or dysfunctional - just different. Due to the way his brain is wired, he is hyperactive and appears out of control. He seems anxious. He is unable to connect with the other children. In fact, it may appear like he's fighting with them often! All of these behaviors are his way of crying out for help. YOUR help.

Even if this child is vocal, I can assure you that he is not able to emotionally share with you and let you know what's going on. Can you imagine how he feels? No friends, no support and no one to understand him. Take a minute to digest what I just said. Visualize this child in your classroom. Now that you look at him differently, wouldn't you like to help him? I'm glad to see you nod.
Here are five things you can do immediately to teach children with autism better.

1. Connect with the parent(s). The parents are your biggest ally. Have a heart-to-heart chat with the child's parent(s). Share your difficulties. Let them know that you want to help. Ask for reports, assessments that the child may have undergone. Study these. These will be huge eye openers in enhancing your understanding of the child's condition.

2. Make a list of the child's strengths. Every child... I repeat... EVERY child has strengths. You just have to observe them closely. The child may be extremely loving and caring, or have some skill that your other students don't. List these out.

3. Understand how he learns, This child will not learn like your other students. Many students with autism learn visually. Hence, what will help is a visual schedule. Or break things up to help him understand and stay calm. By the way, there are many ways in which a child can learn.

4. Ask for additional help. You have at least 20 other children looking for your guidance. Yes, it's not possible to pay attention to one child, while the others are in limbo. A shadow teacher or an Aide is extremely useful in this case. She can sit with the students and guides this child when he gets inattentive, so that your class can move smoothly.

5. Have a behavior plan in place Individuals on the spectrum get overwhelmed quickly because of something called sensory overload. It's important to pick up the early signs and have a designated area where the student can go with the shadow teacher if he has a meltdown or gets anxious. He can rejoin the class when he's ready. It makes the child feel assured and safe, and keeps your class functioning smoothly as well. A behavioral consultant can work out a customized plan, which can be followed at school.

This can be cumbersome and stretch you. I understand. But can I take you back to why you decided to become a teacher?
Here is what a couple of my mainstream teacher friends said: "I wanted to be a teacher to create value for the next generation of our future... I wanted to make a positive difference." "I wanted to impart my knowledge and learn from them as well. I always want to remain young at heart by surrounding myself with kids. And above all - Love for kids... Love their innocence... Beautiful souls."
You, my dear friend, are a sculptor. You have taken this opportunity to impact a child's life. Yes, this same child whom you find impossible and disruptive. By teaching children with autism, you will expand your own heart. You will create happiness for his family too. And one more thing. Your influence doesn't just stop with this family. It creates a ripple effect. Imagine all the little ones under your care. Imagine them looking up at you with innocent, studying eyes, to see how you behave with them different. They're watching you carefully. Remember that they will learn what you do, and not what you say. They will talk to their parents about the amazing ways in which you handled and accommodated 'that different child'. I hope you will take this challenge of enhancing your own life, and the lives of the next generation.
Here's something beautiful for you.
Warmest Regards,

Kamini

P.S. - Do get in touch with me if you'd like to talk about any of your 'difficult' cases. I can be reached at saiconnections01@gmail.com

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How to Support a Child with Autism in the Classroom | Autism Speaks

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June 21, 2016 Below is a letter by Mrs. Kamini Lakhani, who founded Support for Autistic Individuals (SAI Connections) in 2004 in Mumbai, India. Kamini is the mother of a young adult with autism and has been providing services in the field of autism for more than 20 years.

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How Can I Better Teach My Students with Autism

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How Can I Better Teach My Students with Autism

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6 Tips for Teaching Students With Autism | Teach For America

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With a growing number of children who have autism in school, here are some steps teachers can take to help them learn, academically and socially

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March 9, 2015
The post below is by Lisa Smith, the mother of seven children, two with special needs. Her son Tate has autism. Lisa blogs about her experiences and can be found on Facebook at Quirks and Chaos or at quirks-and-chaos.blogspot.com. For more resources for teachers and help with inclusion and acceptance at school, check out the Autism Speaks School Community Tool Kit.
I have a follower who is a teacher and she asked me to do a "Ten things I'd like to tell teachers about autism" list. I came up with 12 things that I would tell my son's teachers in grade school if I could go back in time.
1. Autism is a huge spectrum.
If you have taught other children with autism you may have a good general idea of what autism looks like but my son will still be different than the others. If you have questions about my son or how autism affects him, ask me. Nothing will impress me more about you than your willingness to learn about my son and his needs.
2. A routine and transition warnings are helpful for a child with autism.
While we know that flexibility is an important life skill and one we need to work on, my son does not handle surprises or big changes in his routine well. Things like a substitute teacher, a fire drill, or a field trip are all going to cause anxiety for my son. A warning and clear instructions will help. A visual schedule would be a helpful tool for my son. A five-minute warning, a two-minute warning, and tolerance are needed.
3. A child with autism needs extra time to process language.
Use simple language and short sentences. Give no more than two-step instructions. Give my son at least three full seconds after you make a statement or ask a question to respond. If you choose to repeat, do not rephrase, as then he will have to start processing over again. Trying to hurry my son will only slow him down further.
4. Receptive language and expressive language are two different things.
My son may understand much more than you think he does. He may not be able to put into words all the things he wants to say. On the other hand he may be able to quote long complicated phrases or passages without understanding any of the meaning of the words. It is difficult to know exactly what my child really knows and what he still needs to learn sometimes.
5. Children with autism are literal.
Figurative language and abstract ideas are a mystery to a child with autism. So, when you say things like, "Pick up the pace" and your other students know you want them to walk faster, my son will be looking for something called "pace" that he should be lifting from the floor. These things happen all day long.
6. A child with autism can get stuck on one subject.
My son obsesses about things that do not matter to you or I. He might want to talk about Disney movie characters for a long period of time and there will be little you can do to distract him. He gets stuck in a continuous loop. Occasionally these topics of interest can be incorporated into his learning but mostly they distract him from learning.
7. A child with autism may need help with social interactions.
My son will probably appear disinterested in his peers and he may actually be disinterested but he will never learn social skills unless we keep trying. You have him in a perfect setting for teaching social skills. It is an environment I cannot recreate at home. It would be so helpful if you would use every opportunity available there to teach and reteach social skills.
8. Sensory issues are a distraction for many children with autism.
Sounds that are barely noticeable to you may distract my child and keep him from learning. Textures may cause my son to recoil in disgust. Smells may cause him to gag. Please be considerate of this. Over stimulation can sometimes overwhelm him and cause a meltdown. A meltdown looks similar to a temper tantrum but it is not the same at all.
9. Children with autism use stereotypic behaviors or repetitive behaviors when they are excited, bored, or stressed.
My son will need redirection throughout the day. The behaviors will cause him to appear odd to his peers. Please consider giving the class an age appropriate definition of autism to help his peers understand.
10. Positive Reinforcement will be helpful but punishments will not.
Punishments or threats of punishment will probably result in anxiety and impede progress. He will work toward a reward but will shut down if he fears a punishment.
11. People with autism tell the truth as they see it.
My son may let you know you need to lose weight, you need a shave, or your breath smells bad. Do not take it personally. A sense of humor is a must when working with children with autism.
12. Kids with autism are not scary or unlovable. They are just different.
Sometimes different is intimidating but educating yourself about autism and about my son will help. I'm can help with that! I will willingly answer any questions you have.

For more resources for teachers and help with inclusion and acceptance at school, check out the Autism Speaks School Community Tool Kit.

Everyone deserves the chance to reach their full potential. We need your help to tell lawmakers that improving education for children and young adults with autism is a priority for our community. Sign the petition here to have your voice heard.

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12 Things I'd Like Teachers to Understand about Autism | Autism Speaks

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March 9, 2015 The post below is by Lisa Smith, the mother of seven children, two with special needs. Her son Tate has autism. Lisa blogs about her experiences and can be found on Facebook at Quirks and Chaos or at quirks-and-chaos.blogspot.com.

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Because approximately 1 in 59 students are diagnosed with autism, learning how to help students with this disorder in the classroom is so important.[1] Teaching young students with autism communication skills and learning strategies makes it all the more likely that they'll reach their academic potential later on. And the more you learn about autism spectrum disorder, the better you'll be able to prepare these students for lifelong success.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that causes hypersensitivity to sights, sounds, and other sensory information. Symptoms of autism generally fall into three categories:[2]

Communication issues

Social impairment

Repetitive behaviors (known among the autism community as "stimming")

Here are 15 fun activities to help children with autism feel welcome in your class while addressing their symptoms and individual learning styles. Whether you play them one-on-one or as group activities, these are excellent ways to keep students with autism engaged and ready to learn.

Social Skills Activities for Elementary Students with Autism

A common characteristic of students with autism is trouble communicating or connecting with their classmates. Use these social skills activities to teach kids with autism how to recognize social cues, practice empathy, and learn other important life skills.

1. Name Game [3]

This fun group communication activity teaches students with autism an essential skill: how to introduce themselves and learn someone else's name. To play this game, gather your students in a circle so they can all see each other. Start by pointing at yourself and saying your name ("I am Mr. or Ms. _____."). Then, ask the child on your right to share their name just like you did and then repeat your name while pointing at you. Have each child take turn saying their name, then pointing at another child in the class and repeating their name.

The Name Game is an especially fun social skills activity for children with autism to do at the beginning of the school year. That way, they'll be able to learn their classmates' names and get a head start on making new friends.

2. "How Would It Feel to Be ____?" [4]

Next time you read a book to your class, try asking your students how it would feel to be the main character in the story. If you're reading a picture book about Cinderella, for example, you could ask how they would feel if they had two evil stepsisters who were mean to them. Or if you're reading Peter Pan as a class, you could ask them what happy memories they would think about to fly with magic pixie dust.

This can help students with autism learn empathy as well as how to see situations in their lives from another perspective. It can also teach them how to recognize emotional cues by encouraging them to put themselves in the perspective of another person.

3. Sharing Time [5]

Sharing time is a classic elementary school staple, and it can also be a great social-emotional learning (SEL) activity for kids with autism. Every week, have one kid in your class bring something that they'd like to share with the class. This will not only show students with autism how to discuss their interests with others but also how to practice active listening. And if they're fascinated by something another student brings in (or vice versa), they may even make a friend.

4. Emotion Cards

These printable cards for students with autism can help them learn how to recognize different emotions in themselves and others. Cut out each one with scissors and shuffle them in a deck. Then, go through each card and see if your student can recognize the emotion without looking at the word.

If they get stuck, that's okay-just show them the word and give them context for the emotion shown. If the card is "embarrassed," for example, you could say, "When a person is embarrassed, they might feel like they have done something silly or wrong on accident."

5. Board Games with a Twist

Teaching children manners can be a helpful way to boost social skills and explain the importance of being polite. This simple, but effective activity puts an etiquette-related twist on a simple game of chess, checkers, or mancala by requiring players to wish their opponent "good luck" or "good game" before and after they have played.

6. What Would You Do?

For a take-home activity you can share with families, try this What Would You Do? game. Families can go through different scenarios together and decide how they would react with questions like "How would you help?" or "What would you say?"

This activity keeps social skills sharp and reinforces relationship-building skills.

Sensory Activities for Children with Autism

Because children with autism are often hyper aware of sensory input, it's helpful for educators to provide accommodations so their students can focus in class. These activities involving sensory stimulation can keep kids with autism grounded in the present and comfortable learning with the rest of their classmates.

7. Sorting with Snacks Activity [6]

This tactile activity for children with autism can be a fun way to engage students during math time. Give everyone in your class a food that is easy to sort, like chewy snacks or small crackers. Multicolored snacks are ideal, but you can also use food that comes in different shapes, textures, or sizes.

First, ask them to sort the food by color, shape, or another characteristic. Then, use the snacks to teach students basic math skills like counting, adding, or subtraction. Once they've grasped the concept you want to teach, reward your students by letting them eat the snack.

8. Vegetable Paint Stamps [7]

This art activity for children with autism engages touch and sight to keep students focused on their assignment. Before class begins, cut slices of vegetables like potatoes, cucumbers, or peppers. Hand out a few vegetable slices to each child along with a cup of paint. Instruct your students to dip the bottom of the vegetable slice into the paint and then press it against a piece of paper.

As your students use these homemade stamps, they will make vibrant botanical impressions on their paper. From there, your students can either leave them as they are or finger paint to transform them into whimsical artwork.

9. Scientific Slime Experiments

Slime is not only a popular craft for young children but also a great sensory activity for autism in class. There are plenty of simple slime recipes online-look up your favorite and have fun making it with your students. You can use this as a tactile art activity if you'd like or as a science activity for elementary students.

10. Fidget Toys

Fidget toys are a well-known sensory tool for helping children with autism and other sensory processing disorders stay calm and focused. Depending on your available resources, you can either stock your classroom with a few fidget toys or make some of your own.

We Are Teachers has compiled a list of eleven fidget toys you can make on a budget with your students. From classics like fidget spinners to repurposed pipe cleaners or popsicle sticks, you're sure to find something useful for your classroom.

11.Auditory Sensory Play

When the phrase "sensory play" comes up, visual or textual activities usually come to mind first. Autism Adventures, however, suggests including activities that involve sound-with a few examples to get you started:[15]

Musical chairs

White noise machine

Simon Says

Noise-cancelling headphones

Rhythm instruments like shakers, rain sticks, or drums

12. Sensory Bin

Sensory bins can be useful for two reasons. First, they encourage differentiated instruction or independent play-both of which can have academic benefits for students. And second, they're a straightforward and accessible sensory experience for students with autism.

The Kindergarten Smorgasbord has put together a few useful tips for making your own sensory bin. Use them as a guide to set up a sensory bin that will best accommodate your students' needs.

Calming Activities to Prevent Autism Meltdowns in Class

When students with autism are feeling overwhelmed, the intense response that they feel may cause them to lose control of their emotions. This is called an "autism meltdown" and is different from when students without autism act out in class. While the best strategy for autism meltdowns is to seek help from a school specialist, these calm down activities can help to de-escalate stressful situations.

13. Grounding Techniques

Grounding techniques are designed to help us focus on the present during stressful situations. Here are a few grounding activities for kids with autism to try if they seem agitated:[8]

Count to ten or recite the alphabet as slowly as you can

Listen to calming music and pay attention to the different instruments

List five different things that you can see around the room

Try stretching or simple yoga exercises and focus on how your body feels

Hold something tactile like a piece of clay or a stuffed animal

For older students with autism, you could also try mindfulness meditation. This can produce a similar effect and help students tune into the present rather than getting carried away by their emotions.

14. Student Retreat Zone [9]

When a student with autism is overwhelmed, giving them a place where they can relax and take a break from sensory stimulation can sometimes go a long way. Designate a corner of your class as the "Student Retreat Zone" and fill it with sensory toys, picture books, comfortable seats, and calming activities that students with autism could do on their own.

Let every student in your class know that if they feel anxious or stressed, they can always take a few minutes to decompress in the Student Retreat Zone. That way, you don't have to single your student with autism out but still let them know that it's an option. If your student with autism seems like they could use some time away from class, you could also ask them if they'd like to read or work on homework in the library for a while.

15. Calm Down Drawer [10]

Tactile toys can help children with autism calm down if they're agitated since their minds are so attuned to sensory information. If you have children with autism in your class, fill a drawer in your classroom with toys that could help neutralize overwhelming emotions. When your student seems stressed or has trouble focusing, give them a sensory toy or two to help them relax.

Here are a few ideas for sensory toys to put in your "calm down drawer:" [11]

Play dough

Fidget toys

Stress balls

Weighted blankets

Aromatherapy pillows

16. Coloring

According to a partner article by The National Institute for Trauma and Loss in Children published by We Are Teachers, coloring pages can be a great mind-body exercise for calming down and focusing on the here and now.[16]

Keep a few coloring pages on hand, and suggest them as a calm-down activity when your students are overwhelmed. For a few free coloring pages to get you started, check out this resource from Disney.

17. Calm-Down Cards

If your student with autism struggles with calming down after feeling strong emotions, calm-down cards can be a helpful resource. A mother whose child has autism has created a how-to on creating your own calm-down cards at And Next Comes L.

Each card has a helpful idea for calming down after a stressful moment. Plus, the author notes they can also be useful for children with anxiety-a great resource for your classroom to have.

18. Mindful Breathing

Mindfulness is a technique that encourages children to keep their mind in the present and deal with uncomfortable emotions. If your student is struggling to calm down, try watching this mindful breathing video to help them regain composure.

Effective Teaching Strategies for Children with Autism

In some cases, the learning characteristics of students with autism may differ from the rest of your class. But luckily, the right teaching strategies and methods can keep children with autism on track to finish the school year strong. Try these tips, educational accommodations, and resources for students with autism to help them learn concepts that might otherwise be difficult for them to grasp.

19. Bring Special Interests Into Lesson Plans [12]

Many children with autism have a fixation on certain topics or activities. Take advantage of what they're passionate about and use it while teaching students with autism to help them focus in class. If a child with autism loves outer space, for example, you could plan a math assignment about counting the planets in our Solar System.

20. Use Multisensory Learning

Many kids with autism are multisensory thinkers and don't focus as well when assignments only engage one of their senses. Renowned scientist and autism advocate Dr. Temple Grandin once said, "I used to think adults spoke a different language. I think in pictures. Words are like a second language to me." [13]

For this reason, lessons that engage several senses like sight, hearing, and touch can make students with autism more responsive in class. You could, for example, teach children with autism how to read with magnet letters or sing a patriotic song to learn about American history.

21. Try a SMART Goal Challenge

If a student with autism is having a hard time with school, sit down with them and pick a SMART goal to work on over the next month or semester. SMART goals are an effective way to help children with autism reach their potential, and they are: [14]

Suppose, for example, that your student with autism is having trouble learning how to recognize emotions. You could make a goal with them to practice flash cards with emotions on them every day for five minutes and for the student to recognize each card by the end of the month. As long as the SMART goal hits all of the criteria, it can help your student focus on ways to make progress.

22. Provide Clear Choices

According to educators at the special education program of St Joseph's University, children with autism may become overwhelmed when given too many options.[17] Keep this in mind while creating assignments for your students or asking them questions in class. That way, you're more likely to keep your student with autism focused and comfortable choosing an answer.

23. Create a Strong Classroom Routine

In an article with Scholastic, educator Kim Greene reminds teachers that students with autism work best with a strong daily structure.[18] She suggests posting your class schedule for every student to see and, if possible, providing visuals and extra transition time to students with autism.

24. Offer Accommodations for Students with Limited Motor Skills

Some students with autism may have more trouble with activities that require fine motor skills than others. In an article with the Indiana Resource Center for Autism, renowned scientist and advocate Dr. Temple Grandin suggests offering accommodations-like typing on a computer instead of writing-to mitigate these challenges.[19]

When it comes to specific accommodations, it may depend on the individual. It's always a good idea to reach out to a student's family to determine the best resources for their child.

Activities for Autism Awareness Month in April

April is Autism Awareness Month, a time when we celebrate neurodiversity and help students with autism feel welcome in private or public schools. Although parents may not want their child's autism diagnosis to be shared (and you never should without their permission), you can still teach your class about inclusion this month without mentioning a certain student.

Use these three games as autism awareness activities during April or whenever you want to teach a lesson on diversity.

25. "Just Like Me" Activity

For this activity, gather all of your students together on the floor so they can all see each other. Have each child take turns sharing something about themselves, like:

"I have a pet dog."

"I can play the piano."

"My birthday is in September."

"I love to play soccer."

"My favorite color is yellow."

If a statement also applies to other students (like, for example, they also play the piano), instruct them to raise their hands. This will help remind students that they share more similarities than differences with their peers and that they can always find something to talk about.

26. Picture Books About Diversity

By reading a story about inclusiveness to your class, you can help them remember to be kind to everyone and look out for people who are different.

Here are a few picture books about diversity that you can share with your students:

The Sneetches and Other Stories by Dr. Seuss

I'm New Here by Anne Sibley O'Brian

It's Okay to Be Different by Todd Parr

Everywhere Babies by Susan Meyers and Marla Frazee

The Girl Who Thought In Pictures: The Story of Dr. Temple Grandin by Julia Finley Mosca

The last book on this list, The Girl Who Thought in Pictures, is about a famous researcher who was diagnosed with autism and has since stood as an activist for people with her condition. It is perfect for helping kids understand autism a little better without calling out a specific student.

27. Apples and Actions Game [15]

This object lesson starts with showing your student an apple. Pass the apple around the class and, as you do, have each child insult it and drop it on their desk or the ground. After every child has dropped it and said a mean thing to it, cut the apple in half and show your students all the bruises inside.

Explain to them that our words have consequences and that everything we say can make an impact on someone else. Just like how insulting and dropping the apple can bruise it, being mean to a classmate can have big effects on them. That way, your students will always remember to be kind.

28. Autism Bulletin Board

The puzzle piece is a popular autism awareness symbol. For a simple yet meaningful way to teach your students about autism awareness, create this puzzle piece bulletin board from Mrs. D's Corner. Each piece fights against negative stereotypes by reminding your students that people with autism are intelligent, empathetic, important, and so much more.

29. Teach Students About Historical Figures with Autism

Although the disorder wasn't discovered until the twentieth-century, people with autism have made important contributions to history, and it's important to educate students about them-not just in April but throughout the year. Here are a few well-known figures who are diagnosed with or believed to have had autism to get you started:[20]

Greta Thunberg

Vincent van Gogh

Temple Grandin

Albert Einstein

Emily Dickinson

30. Hold a Professional Development Session on Autism

It's so important to teach faculty about autism awareness, too. If you're a school administrator, consider holding a professional development session on teaching students with autism or sharing a few resources.

For example, the Regional Educational Laboratory Program has put together a helpful resource for administrators on how educators can support students with autism during remote learning.
Sources:

1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Data & Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html.

2. The National Institute for Mental Health. A Parent's Guide to Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://www.autism-watch.org/general/nimh.pdf

3. Shapiro, L.E. 101 Ways to Teach Children Social Skills. The Bureau for At-Risk Youth, 2004.

4. Dougan, R. Social Emotional Learning Guidebook: Ideas for Incorporating SEL Activities into your Classroom. https://www.dvc.edu/faculty-staff/pdfs/SEL-Guidebook.pdf.

5. Shapiro, L.E. 101 Ways to Teach Children Social Skills. The Bureau for At-Risk Youth, 2004.

6. Autism Parenting Magazine. Sensory Play Ideas and Summer Activities for Kids with Autism. https://www.autismparentingmagazine.com/best-sensory-play-ideas/.

7. Autism Speaks. 10 Fun Summer DIY Sensory Games for Kids. https://www.autismspeaks.org/blog/10-fun-summer-diy-sensory-games-kids.

8. Noelke, K. Grounding Worksheet. https://www.winona.edu/resilience/Media/Grounding-Worksheet.pdf.

9. Tullemans, A. Self-Calming Strategies. Autism Spectrum Disorder News, July 2013, 23.

10. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Data & Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Retrieved from cdc.gov: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html.

11. Larkey, S. Strategies for teaching students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and other students with special needs. Learning Links: Helping Kids Learn, 3, pp. 1-5.

12. Blanc, M. Finding the Words... When They Are Pictures! Helping Your Child Become Verbal! Part 1. Autism/Asperger's Digest, May-June 2006, pp. 41-44.

13. Larkey, S. Strategies for teaching students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and other students with special needs. Learning Links: Helping Kids Learn, 3, pp. 1-5.

14. Penn State Extension. More Diversity Activities for Children and Adults. R https://extension.psu.edu/more-diversity-activities-for-youth-and-adults.

15. Autism Adventures. Sensory Play in the Classroom . www.autismadventures.com/sensory-play-in-the-classroom/

16. The National Institute for Trauma and Loss in Children. 5 Calming Mind-Body Exercises to Try With Your Students. We Are Teachers. April 2018. https://www.weareteachers.com/mind-body-skills/.

17. Saint Joseph's University. Techniques for Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://online.sju.edu/graduate/masters-special-education/resources/articles/techniques-for-teaching-students-with-autism-spectrum-disorder.

18. Greene, K. Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/teaching-students-autism-spectrum-disorder/.

19. Grandin, T. Teaching Tips for Children and Adults with Autism. Indiana Resource Center for Autism. https://www.iidc.indiana.edu/irca/articles/teaching-tips-for-children-and-adults-with-autism.html.

20. Autism Community Network. Famous-With Autism. https://www.autismcommunity.org.au/famous-with-autism.html.

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30 Activities, Teaching Strategies, and Resources for Teaching Children with Autism - Waterford.org

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Use these activities to help children with autism feel welcome in your class while addressing their symptoms and individual learning styles.