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This was a cool article to read. it was cool to see what other people around the world have to deal with weather wise. Even though some people were excite for the rain some people were not at all.

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I read "weather change" and I thought this was a very good article bc it

was talking about how global warming might

Ba Pac vietnam war memorial be changing the death and

water sources. I found this acticle very pleaseing and i would want to read

more about it.

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I read "Trail of Distruction". I thought that this article was really sad that there were so many people who were forced out of their home due to the monsoons. The people who lived in the towns and villages were kept in placement camps so that they would stay safe. I think that the people who were taking care of the people in the placement camps were very smart and helpful to their neighbors.

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I thought this article was really cool because it talks about how moonsons happen so long ago it shows us that it happen before because of our surroundings

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i thought it impacted the way that people are living because they could go from living in a house to living on the streets because these monsoons are destroying there homes

I thought it was a good article because it talked about how they are solving problems to the issus that there are having

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I thought that this article could have impacted many people in various ways.

It showed me the struggle that people can have. We think we have it bad when were mkssing a few bucks. They're missing everything. Even family members. This world is an odd place and its odder there. They need help and not many people are providing it. This is an actual problem. It was, weird, reading about people who have lost well, everything. Its weird how so many things can go oh so wrong. And you never know if it will happen to you and if it does happen to you, you never know the outcome. Things could be horrible or fine. Couldnt be worse or coulndt be better. you never know.

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I read about the weather change in Asia.

I think it was a very good article and

i enjoyed reading it because it was showing how

global warming may be affecting asias water

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I thought that it sad to see people lose there houses

and stuff a lot of this happens in a lot of places

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I thought it was really good because

it talked about people and families and what happened to there home it was damaged by a bad storm.

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I read heavy rainfall and thought it was cool because it talked about how the rain comes down in certain regions only. But it was also cool that the river overflows almost very year. It's also cool how the rain is consistent every year.

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I read the article titled Heavy Rainfall and I thought it was very interesting. One thing I found interesting is that lots of people rely on the monsoons but they can also be very dangerous. Another thing I found cool was that they use the rain for hydroelectric power.

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i think that it was a really good artical

about global warming. the anchent animals.

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I thought that this article was really interesting because not only did it talk about how a monsoon forms but also how it effected the economy of India. It effects so many things like farming but also things that you don't think it would effect like the price of gold and other things.

It makes you think about how much a simple weather pattern can effect a whole community in their daily life.

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I read heavy rainfall I could not imagine having that much rain between april and september. I think that it is sad seeing all of those people loose everything and there house's getting your house destroyd by the rain.

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I found this article very interesting. I thought it was cool that this monsoon consisted at least 15 million years before other estimates of it's origin. I found it engaging that scientists had been studying fossils of aquatic animals to find the climate in which these ancient monsoons occured. Although, I found it very sad that there ver over 400 deaths in India and Pakistan because of such heavy rainfall reverting into monsoons. Overall, I found this article very intreaging and interesting to read.

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I thought that this artical was very intresting .

I didn't know must of that stuff could happen

in such little time and how it could affect so

much and so many peoples lives

Trail of Destruction

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so I read "40 milllion Years Old"and i found it very interesting that the monsoon happened so long ago.. 15 million years ago is a very long time! It is cool to see and find out what happened so long ago, and what else happend because of that event.

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The article titled Averting Future Disasters, was a very sad but full of new information. I liked it because I like looking at the pictures then reading the article help me understand the text more. The pictures were very cool and was very helpful to me. This also made me full sad for those people and happy because I am so privilage to be safe.

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i read "40 million years old" and i think that it is cool because the monsoon happened a long time ago it was 15 million years ago. i think that it is sad that their was more than 400 deaths in india and Pakistan because of such heavy rainfall. i thought that it was really cool and interesting.

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i thought that its really cool that they are used to getting hit by the monsoons.

They are really tough to be able to leave through such hard times like this.

They are always taking the weather in were they live.

Jordan Lakomy

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i learned that people died every year from diffent things and it is every sad that people die like that -chris reynolds

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There is evidence that south Asia's summer monsoon, a vital source of water for millions of people, is changing. But scientists say it is too soon yet to blame the warming climate. LONDON, 30 April - Climate change may be having an effect on one of the world's most important weather systems. A study of the monsoon season over the last sixty years reveals that the intensity of extremes of precipitation and the number of very dry spells have both been increasing. The Indian subcontinent gets more than four-fifths of its annual rainfall in that great, sustained seasonal cloudburst called the south Asian summer monsoon. Since 60% of India's people live by agriculture, and 70% of the country's exports are agricultural products, a lot rides on the monsoon. Extremes of rainfall can bring catastrophic flooding, death, disease and homelessness. Dry seasons can bring a threat to India's economy, and to national and even to global food security. So a pattern of wetter wet spells and longer dry spells would - if sustained - create problems for the one-sixth of the world's population that depends on the timing and strength of the monsoons. Deepti Singh of Stanford University in California and colleagues report in Nature Climate Change that they used statistical tools to compare rainfall patterns over two contrasting periods, from 1951 to 1980, and from 1981 to 2011.

No rush to judgement

The monsoon season is a complicated one: it generally begins in southern India in June, and is over by September. By mid-July, the rains cover the entire subcontinent. But what matters is how much rain falls, when it falls, and how long the intermittent dry periods last. The researchers found that overall the total rainfall has declined, but the variability of precipitation during the peak monsoon months has increased. The wet spells are more intensely wet, and the frequency of the dry spells has increased. But it may be too early to be sure that global warming is behind the changes. "The statistical techniques show that the changes in these characteristics are robust and that these changes are unlikely to happen purely by chance," said Singh. The finding matches anecdotal evidence. "My grandfather grew up in a village that is primarily dependent on agriculture, and the farmers that live there say that the monsoon rainfall pattern has changed. They've noticed over the last decade that rainfall occurs in heavy bursts and comes earlier in the monsoon season, and that dry spells last longer." And her co-author, Noah Diffenbaugh of Stanford, said: "There are many predictions that global warming should cause heavier downpours and more frequent dry spells. That's what we've found here, but India is a complex region, so we want to be sure before we point the finger at global warming or any other cause." - Climate News Network

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South Asian monsoon is on the change - Climate News Network

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There is evidence that south Asia's summer monsoon, a vital source of water for millions of people, is changing. But scientists say it is too soon yet to blame the warming climate.

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After yet another devastating flood, experts say that what Pakistan and India need to do is build more dams and reservoirs.

It makes these annual disasters all the more tragic that for most of the year both countries have little rain.

Yet after leaving more than 450 dead and a swathe of destruction on both sides of the border, much of the water dumped on the Kashmir and Punjab regions in the past 10 days will now be wasted.

Critics say both the Indian and Pakistani governments have repeatedly failed to act on lessons from the past on how to manage their yearly monsoon drenching, even as flood catastrophes become more frequent.

While the two governments are now being battered by complaints over the relief effort, more important in the long-term, water specialists say, is building a better system to capture each new deluge.

Much of the water that has inundated Pakistan's Punjab in this latest disaster came via rivers which originate in the Indian Himalayas, where there has been even more rain.

'Water jihad' accusations

The surge was so big the Pakistani authorities resorted to dynamiting river dykes to divert the flow from urban areas, but thereby flooding farming areas and displacing tens of thousands of people.

Some in Pakistan have attacked India for not controlling this surge, the more extreme even accusing it of a "water jihad" against its long-time rival.

But Ahmer Bilal Soofi, a Pakistani lawyer who specialises in water issues, says his country is as much to blame for the way it has managed the rivers inside its borders, in particular by failing to build more dams to control and store water.

Mr Soofi's words carry weight because he advises Pakistani officials on the Indus Water Commission, a cross-border body set up after the two states signed a water-sharing treaty in 1960.

The two sides last met just days before this latest flooding crisis, ironically to discuss Pakistani objections to plans for a new Indian dam project.

But it is perhaps one sign of hope in their turbulent relationship that the treaty has held and they keep meeting.

Better drainage needed

However, experts say India has been just as complacent with water on its own territory.

There too, the authorities are charged with letting the big monsoon storms go to waste, and as Indians know only too well, there is a chronic shortfall in electricity production, which more hydropower schemes could help solve.

Better drainage is also needed and more control of building in flood-prone areas, especially in towns and cities. But "urban India is mindless about drainage" fumes Sunita Narain, a Delhi-based environmentalist. "Storm water drains are either clogged, full of garbage and sewage, or just do not exist."

But the signs are that these extreme weather events are becoming more common and more unpredictable - which many scientists believe is because of climate change.

The rains that just engulfed India and Pakistan came much later than usual, when most thought the annual monsoon was over.

Similarly, an estimated 5,000 people died in India after being caught by flash floods in June, well before the heavy rains usually start.

In 2010, the river Indus burst its banks over much of central Pakistan killing more than 2,000 people. Several hundred have died in floods every year since.

After the 2010 disaster, Pakistan set up a judicial investigation which came up with a host of recommendations to avoid a repeat.

"But nothing has happened since," says a Pakistani water expert who participated in the 2010 investigation, but asked not to be named.

"After each disaster," he says, "we just go back to sleep again."

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Pakistan-India monsoon floods: Averting future disasters - BBC News

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After yet another devastating flood, experts say that what Pakistan and India need to do is build more dams and reservoirs. It makes these annual disasters all the more tragic that for most of the year both countries have little rain.

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Research economist Alan Tan told The Anadolu Agency on Tuesday that areas primarily affected were in the agriculture sector, - mainly in palm oil output - thanks to their being fewer industrial locations in the three severely affected states, Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang.

Most of Malaysia's industrial areas lie on its west coast.

The Affin Hwang Capital Research employee added that Malaysia's gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to contract 0.5 percent this year, no thanks to flood recovery spending and the reduction in palm oil output.

Affin Hwang expects a GDP contraction between 0.5 percent and 0.8 percent this year, and estimates 5 percent GDP growth in 2015 - at the lower-end of the official forecast by the Malaysian central bank of between 5 percent to 6 percent - with slower growth in domestic demand and exports.

"The impact [from the flood] will definitely be there, although it will not be very significant. The annual contribution of the flood affected states to the Malaysian economy revolves around 8 percent, so the impact will not be great," he added.

"The contraction in contribution to GDP, will only due to the anticipated reduction in palm oil output and disruption in services, banking as well as retail sectors in the affected states. But the last three sectors will rebound once the situation fully improves, but impact would be there till then."

Monsoon floods are not a new phenomenon in Malaysia, where each year-end east coasters face heavy rain falls, which result in flash flooding.

This year over 250,000 people were evacuated at the peak of the disaster. Outside of the three severely hit provinces, the flood also hit Perak, Johor, Selangor and Negri Sembilan.

Economist Yeah Kim Leng told AA that the government is expected to dish out RM1 billion ($280 million) in recovery efforts, which would further drain its coffers.

"In Kelantan, the flood has severely damaged banks, which would also impact the banking sector significantly."

He added that the flood had taken a tremendous toll on people's lives, which would slow down consumer spending in the three states.

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Monsoon flood dampens Malaysia's 2015 economic growth - World Bulletin

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Research economist Alan Tan told The Anadolu Agency on Tuesday that areas primarily affected were in the agriculture sector, - mainly in palm oil output - thanks to their being fewer industrial locations in the three severely affected states, Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. Most of Malaysia's industrial areas lie on its west coast.

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The South Asian summer monsoon - critical to agriculture in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan - could be weakened and delayed due to rising temperatures in the future, according to a recent climate modeling study.

A Purdue University research group found that climate change could influence monsoon dynamics and cause less summer precipitation, a delay in the start of monsoon season and longer breaks between the rainy periods.

Noah Diffenbaugh, whose research group led the study, said the summer monsoon affects water resources, agriculture, economics, ecosystems and human health throughout South Asia.

"Almost half of the world's population lives in areas affected by these monsoons, and even slight deviations from the normal monsoon pattern can have great impact," said Diffenbaugh, an associate professor of earth and atmospheric sciences and interim director of the Purdue Climate Change Research Center.

"Agricultural production, water availability and hydroelectric power generation could be substantially affected by delayed monsoon onset and reduced surface runoff. Alternatively, the model projects increases in precipitation over some areas, including Bangladesh, which could exacerbate seasonal flood risks."

The summer monsoons are responsible for approximately 75% of the total annual rainfall in major parts of the region and produce almost 90% of India's water supply, he said.

General circulation models have been used for projections of what may happen to monsoon patterns for this region, but the models have disagreed as to whether precipitation will increase or decrease, said Moetasim Ashfaq, lead author of the study and a graduate student in earth and atmospheric sciences at Purdue.

"South Asia is a unique region with very complex topography," he said. "It ranges from 0 meters elevation from sea level in the south to more than 5,500 meters from sea level in the north. So in terms of topography playing a role in climate and weather, this region of the world is where we expect to see a large impact. Global models like the ones featured in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports can resolve large-scale interactions but have difficulty capturing some of the more subtle atmospheric processes."

The research team used a high-resolution climate model believed to have the greatest detail currently available for this region. A paper detailing the work was published in the Jan. 3 issue of Geophysical Research Letters. Co-authors from Purdue include assistant professor Wen-wen Tung and associate professor Robert J. Trapp, both from the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. Additional co-authors include Ying Shi and Xueijie Gao of the National Climate Centre in Beijing and Jeremy S. Pal of Loyola Marymount University.

"Our simulations are the most detailed to date for this part of the world, but it doesn't mean we have the answer," Diffenbaugh said. "It highlights the importance of spatial complexity in the climate response and suggests that understanding the potential impacts of future climate change in this region requires improved understanding of a host of climate processes."

The model projected a delay in the start of monsoon season from five days to 15 days by the end of the 21st century and an overall weakening of the summer monsoon precipitation over South Asia. Ashfaq said increasing temperatures in the future strengthen some aspects of large-scale monsoon circulation but weaken the fine-scale interactions of the land with the moisture in the atmosphere, which could lead to reduced precipitation over the Indian subcontinent.

"It is the more subtle, local-scale processes that are key in this case," he said. "Our model shows a decrease in convective precipitation, which is critical for summer precipitation in this region. Our findings show it is not just a question of whether monsoon circulation is stronger or weaker. Even with a strong monsoon system, if circulation changes enough to change where and when rain is delivered, then that could have an impact that has not been captured in the large-scale evaluations."

The atmospheric conditions that lead to reduced precipitation also can lead to intensification of extremely hot conditions, he said.

"In the past when we have seen extremely hot days, we have observed a similar circulation anomaly," Ashfaq said. "These circulation changes decrease moisture flow over the land, and we see longer periods without rain, along with hot conditions."

The model shows an eastward shift in monsoon circulation, which would mean more rainfall over the Indian Ocean, Bangladesh and Myanmar, and less over India, Nepal and Pakistan, Ashfaq said. Less moisture over the land in combination with the ambient dry summer air would lead to less moisture in the clouds and reduced rainfall.

Monsoon moisture flow comes from ocean to land. In the summer, the land warms faster than the ocean. This creates a pressure gradient that draws air masses from the ocean to the continent, bringing moist air that promotes formation of a large-scale monsoon system.

Monsoon season, which starts in early June and ends in late September, begins at the southeast tip of India and moves northwest to the rest of India and Pakistan.

The climate model used by the research team accurately recreated the monsoon season of past years, and its future projections are consistent with what has been seen in recent drought years over this region, Diffenbaugh said.

The team next plans to examine a broader range of global climate models and to assess the impact of potential future changes on food security and the economy.

The National Science Foundation partially funded this research.

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Study: Climate change to affect monsoon in South Asia

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The South Asian summer monsoon - critical to agriculture in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan - could be weakened and delayed due to rising temperatures in the future, according to a recent climate modeling study.A Purdue University research group found that climate change could influence...

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south asian monsoon's trail of destruction - cnn

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South Asian monsoon's trail of destruction - CNN

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A CNN crew traveled in a Pakistani military helicopter to witness the extent of flooding across the country's Punjab region.

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Sep 15, 2014 03:08 AM EDT

A new study suggests that Asian monsoon - one of the largest climate system in the world - existed much earlier than previous estimates.

According to University of Arizona geoscientists, Asian monsoon was in place 35-40 million years ago, which is around 15 million years before than other estimates about its origin. The climate system began at a time when atmospheric carbon dioxide was roughly three to four times greater than it is now. Asian Monsoon then lost its intensity around 34 million years ago.

Previous research had suggested that the climate system originated due to topographical reasons such as the uplift of the Tibetan plateau and the Himalayas.

Asian monsoon brings rainfall and dry winter to a significant part of the continent. The study also shows that an increase in atmospheric CO2 will affect rainfall in several countries.

"This finding has major consequences for the ongoing global warming," lead author of the study Alexis Licht, now a research associate in the UA department of geosciences, said in a news release. "It suggests increasing the atmospheric CO2 will increase the monsoonal precipitation significantly."

The study is published in the journal Nature.

In the latest study, the researchers were actually looking at fossils of ancient animals from Southeast Asia to understand prehistoric climate conditions. The team expected that several of these ancient animals lived in relatively mild pre-monsoonal conditions. What they found instead, was that several creatures lived in intense climatic patterns, with heavy rains and dry winters.

"The early primates of Myanmar lived under intense seasonal stress - aridity and then monsoons. That was completely unexpected," Licht said in a news release.

The team analyzed 40-million-year-old freshwater snail shells and teeth from mammals to analyze the type of oxygen that these animals were using. The ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 shows whether the creature lived in wet or arid climate.

Asian monsoon generates wind patterns in winter that blow dust from Central Asia and deposits it in China. A team of scientists working in China found these dust particles in some regions dated back to 41 years ago, showing that the climate pattern is much older than previous estimates.

Each year, torrential rains during monsoon bring life to fields parched by several dry days of summer. This year, the rains in India came late, but have been so intense that the Kashmir valley submerged in water. The heavy downpour has resulted in some 400 deaths in India and Pakistan.

Stanford scientists have earlier warned that monsoon rains have become infrequent and that central India is at a higher risk of experiencing severe flood and drought in the near future.

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Asian Monsoon Almost 40 Million Years Old

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Sep 15, 2014 03:08 AM EDT A new study suggests that Asian monsoon - one of the largest climate system in the world - existed much earlier than previous estimates. According to University of Arizona geoscientists, Asian monsoon was in place 35-40 million years ago, which is around 15 million years before than other estimates about its origin.

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This year, India's monsoon season was four days late. Four long, stressful, anxious days.

Finally, on June 5th, India's Meteorological Department made the announcement all had been waiting for: the monsoons were here.

The monsoon is vital to India, this year even more so than usual, given recent fears about the country's economy.

But the monsoon also affects other economies in the region, and, frankly, the entire world.

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Why The Monsoon Is The Biggest Factor In The South Asian Economy

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This year, India's monsoon season was four days late. Four long, stressful, anxious days. Finally, on June 5th, India's Meteorological Department made the announcement all had been waiting for: the monsoons were here. The monsoon is vital to India, this year even more so than usual, given recent fears about the country's economy.

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A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing wind. This wind shift typically brings about a marked change in local weather. Monsoons are often associated with rainy seasons in the tropics (the areas of Earth within 23.5 degrees latitude of the equator) and the subtropics (areas between 23.5 and about 35 degrees latitude, both north and south). In these areas, life is critically dependent on the monsoon rains. A weak monsoon rainy season may cause drought, crop failures, and hardship for people and wildlife. However, heavy monsoon rains have caused massive floods that have killed thousands of people.

Many parts of the world experience monsoons to some extent. Probably the most famous are the Asian monsoons, which affect India, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Monsoons also impact portions of central Africa, where their rain is critical to supporting life in the area south of the Sahara Desert. Lesser monsoon circulations affect parts of the southwestern United States. These summer rainy periods bring much needed rain to the dry plateaus of Arizona and New Mexico.

General monsoon circulation

Monsoons, like most other winds, occur in response to the Sun heating the atmosphere. In their simplest form, monsoons are caused by differences in temperatures between the oceans and continents. They are most likely to form where a large continental landmass meets a major ocean basin. During the early summer, the landmasses heat up more quickly than ocean waters. The relatively warm land surface then heats the air over it, causing the air to convect, or rise. The convection of warm air produces an area of low pressure near the land surface. Meanwhile, air over the cooler ocean waters is humid, more dense, and under higher pressure.

The atmosphere always tries to maintain a balance by having air move into areas of low pressure from surrounding areas of high pressure. This movement is known as wind. Thus during the summer, oceanic air flows toward the low pressure over land. This flow is continually supplied by cooler oceanic air sinking from higher levels in the atmosphere. In the upper atmosphere, the rising continental (landmass) air is drawn outward over the oceans to replace the sinking oceanic air, thus completing the cycle. In this way a large vertical circulation cell is set up, driven by solar heating. At the surface, the result is a constant wind flowing from sea to land.

Words to Know

Circulation cell: A circular path of air, in which warm air rises from the surface, moves to cooler areas, sinks back down to the surface, then moves back to near where it began. The air circulation sets up constant winds at the surface and aloft.

Convection: The rising of warm air from the surface of Earth.

Jet stream: High-speed winds that circulate around Earth at altitudes of 7 to 12 miles (12 to 20 kilometers) and affect weather patterns at the surface.

Subtropics: Regions between 23.5 and about 35 degrees latitude, in both the northern and southern hemispheres, which surround the tropics.

Tropics: Regions of Earth's surface lying within 23.5 degrees latitude of the equator.

As it flows onto shore, the moist ocean air is pulled upward as part of the convecting half of the circulation cell. The rising air cools and soon can no longer contain moisture. Eventually rain clouds form. Rain clouds are especially likely to occur when the continental areas have higher elevations (mountains, plateaus, etc.) because the humid ocean air is forced upward over these barriers, causing widespread cloud formation and heavy rains. This is the reason why the summer monsoon forms the rainy season in many tropical areas.

In the late fall and early winter, the situation is reversed. Land surfaces cool off quickly in response to cooler weather, but the same property of water that makes it slow to absorb heat also causes it to cool slowly. As a result, continents are usually cooler than the oceans surrounding them during the winter. This sets up a new circulation in the reverse direction: air over the sea, now warmer than that over the land, rises and is replaced by winds flowing off the continent. The continental winds are supplied by cooler air sinking from aloft. At upper atmospheric levels, the rising oceanic air moves over the land to replace the sinking continental air. Sinking air (high pressure) prevents the development of clouds and rain, so during the winter monsoon continental areas are typically very dry. This winter circulation causes a prevailing land-to-sea wind until it collapses with the coming of spring.

The monsoon of India

The world's most dramatic monsoon occurs in India. During the early summer months, increased solar heating begins to heat the Indian subcontinent, which would tend to set up a monsoon circulation cell between southern Asia and the Indian Ocean. However, the development of the summer monsoon is delayed by the subtropical jet stream.

Jet streams are great rivers of air that ring Earth at levels in the atmosphere ranging from 7 to 8 miles (11 to 13 kilometers) above the surface. The subtropical jet stream is a permanent feature, flowing westerly (from west to east). It migrates over the year in response to the seasons, moving northward to higher latitudes in the summer and southward in the winter.

As summer progresses, the subtropical jet slides northward. The extremely high Himalayan mountains present an obstacle for the jet; it must "jump over" the mountains and reform over central Asia. When it finally does so, a summer monsoon cell develops. The transition can be very fast: the Indian monsoon has a reputation for appearing suddenly as soon as the subtropical jet stream is out of the way. As the air is forced to rise over the foothills of the Himalayas, it causes constant, heavy rains, often resulting in destructive flooding. The town of Cherrapunji, India, located on the Himalayan slopes, receives an annual rainfall of over 36 feet (11 meters), making it one of the wettest places on Earth.

When the monsoon fails

The importance of monsoons is demonstrated by the experience of the Sahel, a band of land on the southern fringe of Africa's Sahara Desert. The rains of the seasonal monsoon normally transform this arid (dry) area to a grassland suitable for grazing livestock. The wetter southern Sahel can support farming, and many residents migrated to the area during the years of strong monsoons. Beginning in the late 1960s, however, the annual monsoons began to fail. The pasture areas in the northern Sahel dried up, forcing wandering herders and their livestock southward in search of pasture and water. The monsoon rains did not return until 1974. In the intervening six years, the area suffered devastating famines and loss of life, both human and animal.

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monsoon facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about monsoon

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A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing wind. This wind shift typically brings about a marked change in local weather. Monsoons are often associated with rainy seasons in the tropics (the areas of Earth within 23.5 degrees latitude of the equator) and the subtropics (areas between 23.5 and about 35 degrees latitude, both north and south).

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Asian Monsoon | Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

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The Asian monsoon climate system plays a significant role in large-scale climate variability over much of the globe. Due to its considerable importance to global climate and implications for the worlds population, there is an urgent need for greater understanding of this system, with the ultimate goal being improved prediction on annual to decadal and longer time scales.

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