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The purpose of the Brown v. Board of Education case was to end years of segregation in America's public school system. It not only paved the way for racial integration but also for students with disabilities. It was found that the segregation of schools was harmful to all students but mostly African American students and students with disabilities.  In other words, this case was one of the major cornerstones of the civil rights movement and became a foundation for further civil rights actions and changes in education.

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a national law that protects qualified individuals or students with disabilities from discrimination and allows them to have equal opportunities to receive an education, program benefits, and services. Section 504 not only extended a helping hand to the students with disabilities within the public schools but also to the entire workforce and people of the communities by guaranteeing public access to all public buildings.

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) was signed into law in 1975. The purpose of this act to was ensure all students with disabilities had access to a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) and a Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). In other words, this meant that all students with disabilities would have special education and related services available to them that met their unique needs. In 1986, this act was reauthorized and added on services for infants, toddlers, and their families with the use of Individualized Family Services Plan (IFSP) which opened the door for younger students utilizing assistive technology devices.

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Education all Handicap Children Act 1975

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Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986

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Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986

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The purpose of the Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986 was to amend the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) of 1975 to allow the court to discreetly award an attorneys' fee as part of the costs to a parent or a legal representative of a child with disabilities.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law in 1990. This act put a stop to discrimination against students and individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life such as schools, employment, and in transportation. In other words, the purpose of this law is to make sure students and other individuals with disabilities have the same rights as others without disabilities. ADA was amended in 2008 with minor changes such as the language that was used and its definitions but the major points of the original law remained the same.

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The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that was enacted in 1965. The purpose of this act is to provide all children, including students with disabilities, with a fair and equal opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. After years of major consideration, the NCLB act was replaced with the current  Every Student Succeeds Act that eliminates many controversies such as taking the focus off of standardized tests and the pressure off of schools for "teaching to the test". On the other hand, schools are still required to report the progress of all students including students with disabilities as was required in the NCLB.

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No Child Left Behind: Explained & Summarized

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004

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After the reauthorization of EHA in 1990, its name was changed to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA). With this revision the Individual Transition Plan was added to the act and became apart of a student's IEP along with autism and traumatic brain injury being added to the disability categories. IDEA was then reauthorized again in 1997 and it stressed the important of Positive Behavioral Intervention Supports (PBIS) as a way to address any issues related to student behavior and how it's related to their learning. Students with disabilities were also to be educated with their peers. Lastly, in 2004, IDEA was reauthorized again with certain changes such as the importance of having highly qualified special education teachers, the idea that nothing limits a child with a surgically implanted device, or due process rights for parents and students with disabilities.

The original document above is a memo sent to all principals of Montgomery County Public Schools in Rockville, Maryland of the changes made to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA) regulations in regards to the special education services provided to students with disabilities.