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Other sources of work can be found on the google classroom - Found at this link; https://classroom.google.com/c/MTEyNDI2MDA3Nzla?cjc=3jfwwrk
Using this acess code 3jfwwrk

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What do you know about the human body? Let's test it out, use the words below the graphic organizer to fill in the blanks.

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Watch the Human body 101 video, complete a table that has body system, major functions and a few key organs of that system.

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What affects the functioning of the human body?

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What affects the functioning of the human body?

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Question time;
B ased on your prior knowledge of the human body have a go at answering the following questions
1. What are some vital signs we measure in the human body?
2. What pieces of equipment do we use to measure different vital signs?
3. a) Which of these factors affect the heart rate?

Hot temperature

Standing up

Emotions - hormones

Medications

Caffeine

b) Which of these factors affect skin temperature?

Bacterial infection

Sweat production

Age

Location on the body

Humidity

c) Which of these factors can affect blood pressure?

Drugs Eg. Cocaine

High sodium diet

Stress

Narrowed arteries

Pregnancy

d) Which of these factors affect blood oxygen levels?

Asthma

COVID

Anemia

Heart disease

Pneumothorax

4. Why is it important that the human body maintains set levels of things such as temperature or water levels?

5. What could be the consequences for the human body if for example core body temperature became too high or low?

All of these questions relate to regulating/controlling or maintaining balance of a human's internal body systems. This is known as Homeostasis.

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1. From looking at the picture above what would you describe homeostasis as?

2. Go to the jamboard below and share your ideas for each board by adding a post it.
https://jamboard.google.com/d/1YGdMBW2VcS4AqOHvNSeFP-2aPOxt5QDLx2M_p7GD-Eg/viewer?f=0

3. Complete scipad page 33, and write your own definitions for the key terms on page 32.

4. Summary notes - Copy and complete the notes below to summarise key ideas about Homeostasis.

The maintenance of a constant internal environment, in a changing e___________ environment.

In order to function properly our cells require o__________ conditions.

They need a constant supply of o________ and nutrients and removal of w__________.

Living cells can only function in a narrow r_________ of conditions: temperature, pH and ion c________________, the levels of which are constantly changing.

The body therefore needs a mechanism to maintain i____________ stability despite the environmental change.

5. Complete feedback loops activity - either hardcopy given by teacher or view digital copy here; https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MKPaRrKYk_dR02TwudlwMnilnzOFnoJJWEmt9XEP_pE/edit?usp=sharing

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1. Have a go at regulating the person's body systems and vital levels to keep them alive, click on the image above to take you to the interactive.
2. Struggling to keep the person alive??? Click through the buttons on each body system to find out more info to help you keep your person alive.
3. Use this info to answer the questions below.

What is homeostasis?

What controls human heart rate? Under what conditions does heart rate change?

How is respiration rate controlled?

Could you hold your breath indefinitely? What would happen?

In what different ways does the body control temperature?

How does the body maintain a steady level of sugar in the bloodstream? What happens if it is unable to regulate blood sugar?

What factors control blood pressure?

How is this Body Control Center simulation like the self-regulation that goes on in an actual human body? How is it different?

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To maintain homeostasis, you must keep each indicator as close to the center of its display as possible.

Why does your heart sometimes beat faster? Why do you sweat? Heart and breathing rates increase to deliver more blood and bring in more oxygen when you need them, and sweating helps you cool down. Your body systems are constantly working to keep a balance-to maintain ideal oxygen and blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and body temperature. This balance is called homeostasis.

In this activity, it's up to you, not the body, to maintain homeostasis in a virtual person. Gauges show current conditions in the body. To achieve homeostasis, click the left or right arrows to adjust heart rate, respiration, blood vessel dilation, perspiration, or blood sugar hormone release. Your goal is to keep the dials centered. Click the button for each body system feature to learn more.

Don't become complacent when you achieve a balance! Our person will randomly change states and display a new set of conditions.

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To maintain homeostasis, you must keep each indicator as close to the center of its display as possible. Why does your heart sometimes beat faster? Why do you sweat? Heart and breathing rates increase to deliver more blood and bring in more oxygen when you need them, and sweating helps you cool down.

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1) Watch the video above and the one below,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14SQT97EE4c&t=1s
Summarise and explain the key difference between positive and negative feedback systems.
Explain how a positive feedback loop is involved in giving birth.

2) Describe the term set point and explain why the terms 'stable' and 'constant' when it comes to homeostasis are actually slightly misleading?

3) Complete scipad page 34

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Positive And Negative Feedback Loops - Negative Feedback Loops - Positive Feedback Loops

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1) Thermoregulation: No sweat

Use the booklet to work through and complete the tasks within. Some of the video links are found here

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyCGVKFTZMw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO8eqQrzeJ0&t=3s

2) Further reading on animal thermoregulation

>Work in groups of 3 - 5, split the reading into sections appointing each person a section to read and summarise.

https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/documents/how-animals-survive-in-extreme-temperatures.pdf

>Either read the info on the digital version or print yourself a version of this reading.

> Complete your group summaries by making a copy of this doc https://docs.google.com/document/d/14glFHUcmR5DB4e41txxPkH7YWmAAwG5BVVbpX6zZDik/edit?usp=sharing (either work digitally or print if you wish to work on hardcopy)

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1) Brainstorm all the ways our body tries to keep warm or cool down?

2) Why is it essential to maintain a body temperature around 37 degrees celsius?

3) Watch the video above, complete a 3,2,1
3 - keywords, 2 key ideas, 1 unsure/remaining question.

4) Open the document below which is found in the google classroom, copy and complete the notes and answer the questions about homeostasis.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cGrZOZFpTO5iFyYzggNL-qpnnbI11Lb5/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117787795061181894386&rtpof=true&sd=true

5) Complete scipad page 35

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Temperature Regulation Of The Human Body | Physiology | Biology | FuseSchool

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Understanding the concept of feedback loops is important to understanding homeostasis in humans.
1) Recap the key components of a feedback loop by watching this video;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14SQT97EE4c
and looking at this diagram
https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1gGhjmpUeLrifu4iqkXRLfl3G5ne1oUuc4rtTl9lPkIk/edit?usp=sharing

2) Use the annotated diagram in the document to answer the questions that follow. Note; this is in the context of regulating blood glucose not thermoregulation.

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Re-visiting Feedback Loops - glucoregulation example

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1) Brainstorm as many ways as possible that humans gain and lose heat from the body.

2) Write summary notes of the key ideas you figured out about heat gain/loss methods in the human body.

3) Watch this short simple video recapping the methods of heat transfer.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7kmmj_qRss&t=174s

4) Use the printed diagrams to annotate and add extra ideas about heat gain/loss methods in the human body.

https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1BBEjomqLtEpSloLzV5IkIKQAZ9ObMCgMu8bId4-80CA/edit?usp=sharing Diagrams can be found here.

5) Complete scipad pages 36 & 37

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1) Using the diagram above, make a copy (or use the hard copy if you are in class) and complete the three level reading guide questions in the link below (make a copy to use or use hard copy if in class
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uyTQI3zMMpTm2Adm4bo6eY1ov6sKO2o9TpF5v5u5x48/edit?usp=sharing

2) Use your knowledge to date about thermoregulation to fill in the blanks in the summary worksheet found here (make a copy and save to your own year 13 Biology folder) https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hrkysJnM-45xqBKl4qhm1BfxjTnfgPX9wvgv5BJXhHM/edit?usp=sharing
(or hard copy from the teacher)

3) See what more you can add to these basic thermoregulation ideas - complete the summary sheet found at the following link by filling in the gaps. (make a copy and save to your own year 13 Biology folder or get hardcopy from teacher in class) https://docs.google.com/document/d/182r4NDmi_wjbDTIv1sQrABOT4_fGNasa/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117787795061181894386&rtpof=true&sd=true

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Copy of Homeostasis and Temperature Control

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Thermoregulation big ideas 1 - Thermoreceptors

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Thermoregulation big ideas 1 - Thermoreceptors

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Starter: Look at the Extremes of temperature and humidity graph, discuss with peers what it shows, come up with 3 key points you can take away from this graph.

Starter Question: Why do you think metal doorknobs feel colder than wooden doors, even when they're at the same temperature?

Tasks to work through (Find info - by using textbooks, google search, you tube videos, discussion with teacher/peers, etc)

1) Identify the difference between shell and core temperature. Summarise this difference. Explain why there is a difference? Find a suitable picture to illustrate this.

Is it more important for medical staff to identify shell or core temperature? Explain your answer

2) We have many thermoreceptors in the human body - What is a thermoreceptor?

Where are they found in the human body?

What is the difference between peripheral and central thermoreceptors? Why is it important to have both types?

Do thermoreceptors detect warmth or cold or both?

3)How do thermoreceptors send information to the control centre?

4) What happens when multiple different bits of information are sent from different thermoreceptors to the control centre?

5) Use http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Thermal_touch

and/or https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_(Boundless)/36%3A_Sensory_Systems/36.05%3A_Somatosensation_-_Thermoreception to expand your knowledge of thermoreceptors and learn more complexity about how they function (Eg. TRP Ion channels, nerve endings, neurons, electrical impulses, etc)

Use this summary task whilsts reading https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NfCUW_8oz4ugHSadCRW0nE43nj2hGzQWd_Nu_PGDODU/edit?usp=sharing or

Use this google form to check understanding of the second reading https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd1wnxa-IcN8kTkkEzMeGcFx6bPZEErHrqbL4U8qIqQdeuWRg/viewform?usp=sharing

6) Images to illustrate thermoreceoptors.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pZbgXBeUoDdWlyNsTrJA0nYs61vuR7iTu76s_KGyT2k/edit?usp=sharing

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Thermoregulation big idea 2 - Control centre

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Thermoregulation big idea 2 - Control centre

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Starter: A person’s body temperature decreases below the set point after they jump into a cold swimming pool. Describe how the body detects and responds to this decrease in temperature.
Copy & complete the paragraph below to answer this question.
Thermoreceptors on the skin (p______________ thermoreceptors) along with receptors in the brain detect a decrease in temperature and send an electrical impulse to the ___________ center in the brain – the ___________________.  The hypothalamus processes the information and then communicates with the ____________.  One of the effectors is the skeletal muscles, which contract and __________ alternately (shivering) which generates heat through ____________.  The sweat glands produce less sweat and the blood vessels ____________ which ____________ the blood flow ________ from the surface of the skin.  Both of these mechanisms reduce the transfer of energy from the skin to the environment which acts to __________ the body temperature until it returns to the _____________ of 37°C.

Tasks
1. Read the section about temperature regulation from the journal article above.
Summarise the job of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation.

2. Watch the video clip - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ac_8bjEZaVE

Summarise 2 key ideas about the hypothalamus from this clip.

3. Watch the video clip - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVhm2rBGhB0

Answer Q's - Where is hypothalamus located? What main jobs does it do? What other glands does it work alongside?

4. Use the site below or other sources to research about; What is the difference between the anterior and posterior hypothalamus? what difference is there in the responses they trigger? https://www.statpearls.com/ArticleLibrary/viewarticle/30050

5.  Read the section on page 2 below the diagrams (3 paragraphs) about thermoregulation in doc below; -

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ERE0oMT4C2vKQU3E_PHkhH6_A5q9E5Hc/view?usp=sharing

Summarise the key ideas about the different responses the body carries out to thermoregulate.

6. Add more key words/kupu to your keywords list

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We will work towards completing this thermoregulation lab in class. All the details are in the PDF document. Hard copies will be available in class.

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[Human Thermoregulation] - [Thermoregulation in Humans] - [Unit 3]

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These are the results from the thermoreg lab 11/3/22,
Kyah - control (no exposure to external environmental change), Paris & Zayck - Subject 1 & 2, both had temperatures measured before and after exposure to cold and hot environmental stimuli (hand submerged in cold and hot water)

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Thermoregulation big idea 3 - Communication 

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Thermoregulation big idea 3 - Communication 

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Tasks

1. Understanding the Nervous system a little more; Watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNLceVI8jcc&t=46s or other nervous system videos

Read the article and clarify the different types of nervous system. >Use your highlighting and summarising or annotating skills to pick out key concepts.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NGHRVeNdAKcqSOotU5bVUsjOD6_Kr3oHOCTRix4uwFY/edit?usp=sharing

>Complete the multichoice quiz questions and the short answer questions.

>Check in with your kaiako to see how you went.

2. Use the info found on this site as an intro to Communication in homeostasis - https://www.verywellmind.com/the-nervous-and-endocrine-systems-2794894

For each section in the article answer the questions below;

P1 - What is the job of nervous and endocrine systems?
P2 - What is the connection between neurons, nerves and the nervous system?
The Central nervous system - What is its job?
The Peripheral nervous system - What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous system?
The Endocrine system - How does the endocrine system work? How does the endocrine and NS interact?

3. Complete the worksheet about the key differences between endocrine and nervous system communication methods.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1or7yAQUwQQ4XHAYUyUIhgb__fvEWNFUpL8NmJa2LvwY/edit?usp=sharing

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Thermoregulation big idea 4 - Effectors & responses to heat

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Thermoregulation big idea 4 - Effectors & responses to heat

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Task

Summarise the effector and response processes of thermoregulation to an increase in body temperature.
You should include the following responses;
Behavioural, vasodilation, sweating

Use the video clip above, the info in this article https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00126.2014

and from the slide show below

https://www.slideshare.net/ngibellini/peter-shepherd-thermoregulation

After you have completed these summaries, add them onto scipad page 38.

Video - Why do we sweat? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fctH_1NuqCQ

How does sweat work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1s6ZGTvxB8k

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GCSE Biology - How We Control Our Body Temperature

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Thermoregulation big idea 4 - Effectors & responses to cold

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Thermoregulation big idea 4 - Effectors & responses to cold

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Task

Summarise the effector and response processes of thermoregulation to a decrease in body temperature.
You should include the following responses;
Behavioural, vasoconstriction, shivering, changes in basal metabolic rate, Thyroxine & thermogenesis, Brown fat oxidation, piloerection

Use video clips, the info in this article

Vasodilation vs Vasoconstriction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhBU6hvtaeE

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00126.2014

or this article;

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RZ1pm_6qhrfq1kn3FGyV2-DMoCFk1ouB/view?usp=share_link

and from the slide show below

https://www.slideshare.net/ngibellini/peter-shepherd-thermoregulation

Or use any of the notes from this doc which has a collection of thermoreg notes.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Y1cGVx4JR-3a_aNfeULAcfWyPuiEvpVe/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117787795061181894386&rtpof=true&sd=true

After you have completed these summaries, add them onto scipad page 38.

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Thermoregulation big idea 5 - System disruptions & breakdown

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Thermoregulation big idea 5 - System disruptions & breakdown

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Starter Q - Why doesn't vasodilation & sweating work as effectively to cool us if the surrounding air temp. is higher?

Use the info from the resources below to understand Hypothermia and Hyperthermia.

Make a thermoregulation disruptions mind map, include the following;

Definition (including key body temperatures)

Causes

Signs & symptoms

Stages (Eg. Cold stress, mild hypothermia, moderate hypothermia, etc)

Treatments

Who is more likely to be affected and why.

Hot environment disruption & breakdown

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aSxZIqQBdg5Yj62NU6xm5IC1t--nwhCOkTSXoHEbAus/edit?usp=sharing

Use this site for cold environment disruption & breakdown

https://www.lemonade-ed.com/level-3/3-4-homeostasis/4-responses-to-a-cold-environment

https://www.osmosis.org/notes/Body_Temperature_Regulation_(Thermoregulation)_-_20082020#page-1

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-hyperthermia-definition-causes-symptoms-treatment.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L735EkEbNgc

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ra8fmJKuvZehUrJtQLoiIx_YgpEdrv9WD3wH3PmFpfY/edit?usp=sharing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoNLcfI2-eQ

https://visualxmed.wordpress.com/2016/02/06/a-tale-of-two-conditions-hypothermia-and-heat-stroke/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JAXbDTIiSk

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Thermoregulation big idea 5 - System disruptions & breakdown

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Thermoregulation big idea 5 - System disruptions & breakdown

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Starter: Looking at the image above, summarise the key ideas it shows about thermoregulation in humans.

Tasks:
1. Make a summary of the notes below about disruptions to thermoregulation.

Disruptions to the System
Other than the environmental conditions that lead to Hypothermia & Hyperthermia what else can cause disruptions to the thermoregulatory system;
Impaired thermoregulation is a known complication seen in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), particularly those with level of injury above T6, traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and other conditions that cause damage to the brainstem. It also can be seen in patients who take certain medications such as anesthetic agents, tranquilizers, antihypertensive drugs, opioids, and sedatives, in addition to alcohol.
Source: Velez K. Impaired Thermoregulation. https://now.aapmr.org/impaired-thermoregulation/

2. Watch the video below about Fever
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRvxnpfCDSo
Summarise it into 3 main ideas.

3. Watch this video and summarise the difference between hyperthermia & Fever.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qbwwv-L1g4c

4. Adrenaline(Epinephrine) - and its effects?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GilWRuk81tk watch this intro video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEnPql9dcs4
Get a bit more info about adrenaline here.
Lastly do some research to find out the impacts of adrenaline on the thermoregulatory system in humans.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QjoIiTXr6YRNxQeyTvWONIFNUmbNRc-moMwWeSZDDvY/edit?usp=sharing

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Thermoregulation in different contexts - Putting all the ideas together

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Thermoregulation in different contexts - Putting all the ideas together

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Starter - Some good summary videos of thermoregulatory responses to start you off with, watch one or both of the videoclips at the links below;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfXqyPS5bRo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_LiAEjuIIc&t=332s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iya-2bS14ho

Tasks -

1. Brainstorm some key points if the following were the contexts of your assessment;

Science researcher in Antarctica isolated outside and can't get back to basecamp

Individual suffering from infection and has a fever

Worker in a foundry, does a double shift failing to take any breaks for food & drink

Ultra marathon runner across the desert, lacks sufficient supplies of food & water.

2. Summarise your knowledge and ideas about Thermoregulation - you might like to create a mind map of key ideas

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You made it to the end.... going back over ideas

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You made it to the end.... going back over ideas

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If you need to go back over some key ideas then use these questions below to help direct your thinking and check your understanding about some of the ideas we have covered;

Why Thermoregulate?

When body temperature rises what is the bodies response?

If Thyroxine secretion levels are reduced how can this affect body temperature?

If humidity is high what effect will this have on the cooling mechanism of sweating? Why will it have this effect?

Explain why someone looks redder when they have an increased body temperature?

Why is shivering known as a type of thermogenesis?

Explain the role of the components of the negative feedback loop – stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response, feedback.

Heat can be lost by conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation, - Explain why someone will lose heat a lot faster if they are in cold water as opposed to just cold air.

Explain why the windchill factor can have a major effect on someone’s body temperature?

Our body is constantly encountering variations in external temperatures, how will these affect the body's thermoregulatory system?

Why is 37°C the magic number? Why do humans have such a narrow optimum range?

Adaptive advantage to humans of the thermoregulatory system?

Keyword/kupu list to help - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZaHJR8dUxmCYpCLsSQ0nZ3ivJUYYL9kHTCxwoGnyfdA/edit?usp=sharing

Scaffold writing task to help plan

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1L_oS8cZeDw5rRKLEIcSpEIMHWoB_unj5t5olRXYczZQ/edit?usp=sharing