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One common example of Mullerian mimicry can be seen in species of butterflies. ... melpomene are two different species of butterflies that exhibit Mullerian mimicry. Both of them have evolved to have mostly black bodies and wings, but they have a similar pattern of red-orange dots and markings on their wings.

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1. a form of mimicry in which two or more harmful or unpalatable animals develop similar appearances as a shared protective device.

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An example of Batesian mimicry is the poisonous coral snake and the king snake, which is the mimic. Coral snakes are quite venomous, and their bite is very dangerous to humans and other animals. King snakes, on the other hand, are harmless.

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Batesian mimicry is a phenomenon in which non-harmful species have evolved to mimic the appearance of a species that is harmful to potential predators. The Batesian mimicstherefore benefit from the predator's learned avoidance behaviour.

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one organism kills and consumes another. Predation provides energy to prolong the life and promote the reproduction of the organism that does the killing, the predator, to the detriment of the organism being consumed, the prey.

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1. An interesting example of commensalism is that of the pseudoscorpion. Pseudoscorpions are very tiny scorpions (less than a centimeter) that hitch rides on much larger insects. A pseudoscorpion is attached to the leg of a much larger fly. The pseudoscorpion does not have a stinger like a traditional scorpion, and does not kill the larger insect it hitches a ride on. Oftentimes, it will simply hitch a ride from one place to another. In this case, the fly is only inconvenienced in a minor way. Once the pseudoscorpion has hitched a ride, the relationship is over. However, if too many pseudoscorpions tried to hitch a ride at once, the fly would be overwhelmed or would spend too much energy flying and the relationship would become parasitic. Many organisms tread a thin line between a symbioses of commensalism versus one of parasitism, and often the distinction is hard to tell.

2. Small bait fish and manta rays often show a form of commensalism in which the baitfish are protected simply by their proximity to the larger fish. Large manta rays will often be seen with huge schools of small fish underneath their enormous fins. It is believed that the small fish are protected from birds that would otherwise dive in and eat them. At the same time, the manta ray is completely unaffected by the baitfish, and may not even notice their presence.

Most large marine animals have some if not many smaller animals following or attached to them. In some cases the animals are parasitic, as in the case of lampreys, which feed on their host. Many cases of commensalism exist as well, where the host is unaffected. Some of these include fish that follow sharks and feed on the left-overs of their kills. Others include small barnacles that attach to whales, as long as the barnacles do not hurt the whale. Again, a certain level of commensalism is tolerated with no harm, but eventually the situation can become parasitic.

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1. Over 100 different types of organisms can parasitize humans including fungi, leeches, lice, ticks, mites, tapeworms, protozoa, viruses, and helminths. Helminths are worms that can live inside the intestines and can reach meters in length. They can cause a variety of problems such as malnutrition, jaundice, diarrhea, and even in severe cases, death. However, they can be treated with anti-parasitic medication. All infectious diseases, including the common cold, result from organisms that parasitize humans, such as viruses and bacteria. Many of the organisms that parasitize humans can also parasitize other mammals and birds.

2. Aphids are small green insects that parasitize plants by eating their sap. Many types of fungi can also attack plants and can spoil wheat, fruit, and vegetables. Some plants are parasitic themselves. In angiosperms (flowering plants), parasitism has evolved at least 12 separate times, and 4100 species (about 1%) of angiosperms are parasitic. Parasitic plants have haustoria, which are modified roots which connect to the host plant’s xylem and/or phloem and drain it of water and nutrients. Some plants parasitize mycorrhizal fungi. This often happens when a plant species has evolved to no longer produce chlorophyll. Since it can no longer photosynthesize, it must gain nutrients for energy in other ways.

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Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship, or long-term relationship between two species, where one member, the parasite, gains benefits that come at the expense of the host member. Obligate parasites are completely dependent on the host in order to complete their life cycle. Facultative parasites do not rely on the host in order to complete their life cycle; they can survive without the host, and only sometimes perform parasitic activities. Ectoparasites are parasites that live on the outside of the host’s body, such as lice and ticks. Macroparasites are parasites that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. Necrotrophic parasites, also called parasitoids, essentially eat part of the host organism’s tissue until it dies from the loss of tissue or from nutrient loss.

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Commensalism is a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits, and one is unaffected. This can be contrasted with other types of symbiosis, such as mutualism and parasitism. The supposed difference between commensalism and other types of symbiosis is that in commensalism, the second party or host remains unaffected. Some scientist argue that this is likely improbable, and that most commensalism will be found to be mutualism or parasitism once the effects on the host can be appropriately studied. Other scientists argue that commensalism does exist when the effect on the host is imperceptible. Many cases of supposed commensalism exist in the natural world. The benefits to be gained in a commensal relationship can be transportation, nutrition, protection, or a variety of other benefits. Many hosts of commensal organisms appear to be unaffected, at most being slightly bothered by the presence of the commensal species.

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Interspecific competition is the competition between individuals of different species. Under this competition type we also recognize two types of competition but the interaction is between individuals of different species and not individuals of the same population as is the case in intraspecific competition.
examples : Woodpeckers and squirrels often compete for nesting rights in the same holes and spaces in trees, while the lions and cheetahs of the African savanna compete for the same antelope and gazelle prey

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competition refers to the rivalry between or among living things for territory, resources, goods, mates Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed.   It is one of the many symbiotic relationships occurring in nature. Same or different members of species compete for resources, especially for limited natural resources
example: two male deers will spar with each other using their antlers to establish dominance and claim females. Antlers are also useful for defense against other deer and predators. When fighting other deer, deer hit each other with their antlers and often lock their antlers together
this is called intraspecific competition because two members of the same species are competing

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Herbivory is a form of consumption in which an organism principally eats autotrophs such as plants, algae and photosynthesizing bacteria.  Herbivory is usually limited to animals that eat plants.

Animals with herbivorous feeding habits include: zebras, wildebeests, antelope, deer, rhinos, hippos, gazelles, sheep, goats, cattle, giraffes, and elephants.

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carnivorous interactions, in which one animal consumes another. Think of wolves hunting moose, owls hunting mice, or shrews hunting worms and insects. Less obvious carnivorous interactions involve many small individuals consuming a larger one.

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Mutualism(Bilal): Mutualisms are defined as interactions between organisms of two different species, in which each organism benefits from the interaction in some way. Mutualisms may involve either the exchange of resources, such as shelter, food and other nutrients, or they may involve the exchange of services, such as protection, transportation or healthcare. Sometimes mutualisms are symbiotic relationships. In such cases, the two species live in close proximity to each other for part or all of their lives; however, not all symbiotic relationships are mutualistic.

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Mutualism(Bilal): Mutualisms are defined as interactions between organisms of two different species, in which each organism benefits from the interaction in some way. Mutualisms may involve either the exchange of resources, such as shelter, food and other nutrients, or they may involve the exchange of services, such as protection, transportation or healthcare. Sometimes mutualisms are symbiotic relationships. In such cases, the two species live in close proximity to each other for part or all of their lives; however, not all symbiotic relationships are mutualistic.

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Examples: One of the most notable cleaning mutualisms is the relationship between the genus of wrasse fish Labroides and their many ‘clients’. The wrasse is a small fish, with striking lines of bright coloration along its body. They reside within areas of tropical reefs, which are known as ‘cleaning stations’, advertising their services by performing a ‘dance’ (they make quick movements up and down, undulating their bodies in the water).