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Writing used to focus on the perfection of the final piece, with teachers making most of the suggestions

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Teachers SHOW students how to improve their writing, find their own mistakes, and make decisions about style and structure

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ELs feel safer to experiment and make mistakes

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ELs feel safer to experiment and make mistakes

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- Talking to your peers, getting feedback and suggestions, helps any student to feel more confident in their writing
- ELs will utilize their BICS, which transfers to their writing and develops their CALP

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teachers spend hours editing and correcting.

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ELs  initially  rely on the development of their BICs (social language they pick up in casual environments) to aid them in their writing

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Chomsky believed that the development of language is a process that comes naturally

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Chomsky believed that the development of language is a process that comes naturally

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"At every stage in the process students can respond to each others' ideas, style, and mechanics."

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"At every stage in the process students can respond to each others' ideas, style, and mechanics."

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EL's need direct instruction with writing. They need to be exposed to different writings and try to do their own once shown HOW.

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-finding topics that the are interested in
-talking out loud helps generate ideas

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Having the opportunity to discuss writing during the different stages with a peer can help lower the affective filter.

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Having the opportunity to discuss writing during the different stages with a peer can help lower the affective filter.

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In the 1970s the focus began to shift from product to process writing instruction

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Writing is a cyclical process, NOT linear

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Writing is a cyclical process, NOT linear

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- jump around from drafting to revising then back to drafting, then edit, then back to revision
- students have ongoing support at every stage of the writing process

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gives students opportunity to about academic task

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Different types of texts will help students see the similarities and differences of English Syntax 

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Different types of texts will help students see the similarities and differences of English Syntax 

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gives them opportunity to share ideas in unstructured ways

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Teachers need to show EL's what writing in English looks like in order for them to know how different types of writings are organized.

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Students self-correct and edit in peer groups.

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-making choices about what to include in writing
-opinion on fluency of a sentence

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Chomsky believes that the development of language is a natural process that develops quickly in children through exposure. He would say mistakes are natural and its part of the process

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-Sharing strategies
-sharing own writing
-receiving feedback
-processing feedback

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"Teachers need to demonstrate to children how to read like a writer" (p.11)

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"Teachers need to demonstrate to children how to read like a writer" (p.11)

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As students gain academic skills (CALP) they can better express what they want to write. 

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As students gain academic skills (CALP) they can better express what they want to write. 

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All languages have similar components and characteristics. ELs have the funds of knowledge from their first language acquistion, but  need scaffolding and lots of exposure to new syntax/discourse especially.

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using graphic organizers helps ELs structure all they have to write

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using graphic organizers helps ELs structure all they have to write

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- knowledge of structure
- vocabulary
- transition words

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In these two grades, students are required to write opinion pieces.

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In these two grades, students are required to write opinion pieces.

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- use facts and definitions to develop points on a topic
- providing a concluding statement

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writing through technology, being able to write one page single sitting

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Use evidence to support writing, including why the author writes what they write and comparing/contrasting

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Use evidence to support writing, including why the author writes what they write and comparing/contrasting

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- use details to describe actions, thoughts, and feelings
- use temporal words to signal event order
- provide closure

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Provide a list of sources (4th grade only one, 5th grade several)

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Provide a list of sources (4th grade only one, 5th grade several)

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Using precision and domain-specific vocabulary to elaborate on ideas of essays

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In both grades, students are required to work on research pieces. The purpose of the research projects is for students to be able to recall information from experiences.

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In both grades, students are required to work on research pieces. The purpose of the research projects is for students to be able to recall information from experiences.

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Asked to do research (science) and bring their observations to written form

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-write opinion and narrative using dictation and drawings

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Begin to plan, revise, and edit in 3rd grade

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opinion
narrative
informative/ explanatory

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Write routinely over extended time frames

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Write routinely over extended time frames

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- write and opinion, narrative and informative
-collaborative writing
-support writing with descriptive vocabulary