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The word “pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. While early Egyptian rulers were called “kings,” over time, the name “pharaoh” stuck.

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Combination of man's intellect and physique of a beast

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Virtually the sole owner of all egypt, accepted as the son of Ra (Sun God) on earth- therefore a God.

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This social system reflects Egyptian mythology, where Goddesses played an equal, if not a chief, role. The primeval mother-figures in the earliest prehistoric Egyptian myths are female.

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This social system reflects Egyptian mythology, where Goddesses played an equal, if not a chief, role. The primeval mother-figures in the earliest prehistoric Egyptian myths are female.

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Ancient Egyptian society treated men and women equally. Women participated in politicial, economic, and judicial world of Egypt on the same terms as men.

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Ancient Egyptian society treated men and women equally. Women participated in politicial, economic, and judicial world of Egypt on the same terms as men.

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Funeral gardens were miniature versions of house gardens that were placed in tombs. They usually had a small square house or pavilion with wooden columns, surrounded by a wall, Within the wall was a basin surrounded by a row of trees. The house resembled the kiosks in gardens, where the owner would play checkers or relax. The dead were traditionally surrounded by the objects they would have enjoyed in life, and it was expected that they would continue to enjoy their gardens in their afterlife.

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Beginning during the time of the New Kingdom, pleasure gardens became a common feature of luxury residences. According to paintings in tombs in Thebes from the 18th Dynasty (1552–1296 BC), gardens of that time had a standard design. They had a pond, usually rectangular, in the center, filled with colorful fish, with lotus blossoms in the water and flowers around the edges. The edges of the water basins were sloping, with a stairway down one side so gardeners could collect water for irrigation.

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Palace gardens first appeared in Egypt just before the Middle Empire (2035–1668). These gardens were very large in scale, and were laid out in geometric patterns.In the second millennium BC, the garden pond of King Sneferu was large enough for boats rowed by twenty oarsmen.

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Temples often had extensive gardens. The Temple of Amun at Karnak had 26 kitchen gardens, alongside a very early botanical garden

Contained all kinds of beautiful flowers and bizarre plants which are found in the divine land which His Majesty has conquered.

The hymns painted on the walls of tombs show that religious ceremonies centered on the cycles of nature and the changing seasons.

Temple gardens often had rows of fig trees and sycamores (the tree sacred to the goddess Hathor), tamaris, willows, or palm trees

During the time of Amenophis III, some temples were devoted to a goddess in the form of a tree, with a trunk for a body and branches for arms. This goddess was believed to carry water to the dead to quench their thirst

Temple gardens often were the homes of animals sacred to the gods, such as the ibis and the baboon

Flowers were part of all the religious ceremonies during the time of the god Amon. These gardens also produced medicinal herbs and spices such as cumin, marjoram, anise, and coriander.

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The gardens of Amon at the temple of Karnak.JPG

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The Egyptian hieroglyphic script was one of the writing systems used by ancient Egyptians to represent their language. The script was composed of three basic types of signs: logograms, representing words; phonograms, representing sounds; and determinatives, placed at the end of the word to help clarify its meaning.

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Egyptian temples were used for official, formal worship of the gods by the state, and to commemorate pharaohs. The temple was the house dedicated to a particular god, and Egyptians would perform rituals there, give offerings, re-enact myths and keep order in the universe .

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This limestone statue of a reclining sphinx (a mythical creature with a lion’s body and a human head) is located on the Giza Plateau to the west of the Nile. It is believed the face is meant to represent the Pharaoh Khafra. It was probably a focus of solar worship, as the lion is a symbol associated with the sun.

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Egyptian pyramids referenced the rays of the sun, and appeared highly polished and reflective, with a capstone that was generally a hard stone like granite, sometimes plated with gold, silver or electrum. Most were placed west of the Nile, to allow the pharaoh’s soul to join with the sun during its descent.

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The inner part of the temple has the same triangular layout that most ancient Egyptian temples follow, with rooms decreasing in size from the entrance to the sanctuary. The temple is complex in structure and quite unusual because of its many side chambers. The hypostyle hall is 18m long and 16.7m wide and is supported by eight huge Osirid pillars depicting the deified Ramesses linked to the god Osiris, the god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, the dead, resurrection, life and vegetation, to indicate the everlasting nature of the pharaoh. The colossal statues along the left-hand wall bear the white crown of Upper Egypt, while those on the opposite side are wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The bas-reliefs on the walls of the pronaos depict battle scenes in the military campaigns that Ramesses waged.

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The internal structure consist of three main chambers which is the King's, Queen's, Subterranean Chamber, the Grand Gallery and various corridors and shafts. There are two entrances into the pyramid, the original and a forced passage, which meet at a junction. One passage descends into the Subterranean Chamber, the other ascends to the Grand Gallery. From the beginning of the gallery three paths can be taken which is a vertical shaft that leads down, past a grotto, to meet the descending passage. Secondly a horizontal corridor leading to the Queen's Chamber and lastly the path up the gallery itself to the King's Chamber that contains the sarcophagus. Both the King's and Queen's chamber have a pair of small "air-shafts". Above the King's Chamber are a series of five Relieving Chambers.

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The Great Sphinx is among the world's largest sculptures, measuring some 240 feet long and 66 feet high that features a lion's body and a human head adorned with a royal headdress. The statue was carved from a single piece of limestone, and pigment residue suggests that the entire Great Sphinx was painted.

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Carved around their feet are small figures representing Ramses' children, his queen, Nefertari, and his mother, Muttuy (Mut-tuy, or Queen Ti). Graffiti inscribed on the southern pair by Greek mercenaries serving Egypt in the 6th century bce have provided important evidence of the early history of the Greek alphabet.

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There are 4 rock cut scupltures of four seated figure that represents  Ra-Horakhty, the deified king Ramesses, and the gods Amun Ra and Ptah. Ra-Horakhty, Amun Ra and Ptah were the main divinities in that period and their cult centers were at Heliopolis, Thebes and Memphis respectively.

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Abu Simbel _ History, Temples, Map, & Images

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This portion of the site is dedicated to the son of Mut and Amun-Re, Montu, the war-god of the Theban Triad. It is located to the north of the Amun-Re complex and is much smaller in size.

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Located to the south of the newer Amen-Re complex, this precinct was dedicated to the mother goddess,Mut, who became identified as the wife of Amun-Re in the Eighteenth Dynasty Theban Triad. It has several smaller temples associated with it and has its own sacred lake, constructed in a crescent shape.

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This is the largest of the precincts of the temple complex, and is dedicated to Amun-Re, the chief deity of the Theban Triad. There are several colossal statues, including the figure of Pinedjem I which is 10.5 metres (34 ft) tall.

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The landscape is flat,on each side lies desert

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Middle Egypt are part of Upper Egypt and covered by limestone

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Narrow valley bounded by red,pink and white granite cliffs that often sand-blasted into sculptural forms

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There are three major periods which are old kingdom,middle kingdom,new kingdom and seperated by two intermediate period in each major periods.

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- quarrying
-surveying
-construction techniques
-mathematic system
-medicine system
-art and architecture
-system of religious beliefs

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Ancient Egypt are a civilization of ancient North Africa,concentrated along Nile River. Ancient Egypt known by having an ability to adapt conditions of Nile River Valley for agriculture by predictable flooding and able to control irrigation of the fertile valley.

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Karnak is an ancient Egyptian temple precinct located on the east bank of the Nile River in Thebes

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The gardens of ancient Egypt probably began as simple fruit orchards and vegetable gardens, irrigated with water from the Nile.

No natural green landscape

Temples, palaces, and private residences had their own gardens, and models of gardens were sometimes placed in tombs so their owners could enjoy them in their afterlife.

The picture below represents to :
Rectangular fishpond with ducks and lotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees, in a fresco from theTomb of Nebamun, Thebes, 18th Dynasty.

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Spanning over two thousand years, ancient Egypt was not one stable civilization but in constant change and upheavel, commonly split into periods by historians.

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Abu Simbel is two massive rock-cut temples in the village of Abu Simbel Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt, near the border with Sudan.

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The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.