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The constitution clearly provides a three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Government . Thus it contains three lists:
1. Union List - subjects of national importance
2. State List - subjects of state and local importance
3. Concurrent List - subjects of common interests to both the Union govt. as well as the State Govt.

Amrita Jayamon
10B

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Two aspects are crucial for the institutions and practice of federalism: mutual trust between the government of different levels and agreement to live together. There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed.

1. The first route involves independent States coming together on their own to form a bigger unit. This kind of “coming together” federations is formed in the USA, Switzerland and Australia.

2. The second route is that a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent States and the national government. This kind of ‘holding together’ federations is followed in India, Spain and Belgium countries.

- Ananya Garg
X-D

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Hey guys, you all can refer to the key concepts of the chapter- federalism

Hope this helps...

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A major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
1.Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
2.Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
3.At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.

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Which Government has the power to legislate on Residuary subjects in India?

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Which Government has the power to legislate on Residuary subjects in India?

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Ans - The union government has the power to legislate on residuary subjects in India. It refers to the subjects which are not included in union, state or concurrent list.

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Government on the basis of power, in the modern sense have two divisions, namely- Federal & Unitary form of govt.
Federalism refers to the division of power between the centre and its constituent units i.e., it has two sets of govt and its laws (centre and state). This further can be categorized into 'holding together federations' and 'coming together federations'.

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Key features of federalism:
1) These are two or more levels of government.
2) Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
3) The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and promote unity of the country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity.
10-A

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Lists included in the Indian Constitution

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Lists included in the Indian Constitution

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The Constitution contains three lists:
.The Constitution contains three lists:
I) Union Lists includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking etc..
II) State Lists contains subjects of States and local importance such as police, trade, commerce etc.
III) Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions etc.

Ahad Ali
X-A

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1. The constitution declared India as the Union of States.
2. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government or what we call the Central Government, representing the Union of India and the State government.
3. Later the third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and municipalities.

Ahad Ali
X-A

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Hindi is not our national language , it is our official language .

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if india wasnt divided into states based on langauge then it would have been difficult for administration to work, miss communications, separation from majority community , etc etc

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1. Govt. is formed by multiple levels/tiers (Central, State, Local)

2. Each tier- own power to make laws.
3. Powers of each tier are stated in the constitution (written record of set limits)
4. No one govt. can unilaterally change the laws.
5. When disputes b/w Central and State govt. - Supreme Court
6. Constitution describes where and how much money can be spent by the govt.
7. Two objectives of federalism - Promote unity of nation
and accommodate regional differences.

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India has been divided into states and union territories in order to maintain effective administration, maintain law and order, provide citizens their necessities and for  development. 

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India has been divided into states and union territories in order to maintain effective administration, maintain law and order, provide citizens their necessities and for  development. 

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Under a Unitary System, the central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government but in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something.
Garima Sharma

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In India, the Union Government has the only power to legislate on the residuary subjects

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India does not have a national language it has 2 major official language .

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India does not have a national language it has 2 major official language .

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A government formed by coming together of at least two political parties. Usually, partners in a coalition form a political alliance . Examples are (NDA, UPA), 

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A government formed by coming together of at least two political parties. Usually, partners in a coalition form a political alliance . Examples are (NDA, UPA), 

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Most states in India are created on the basis of language. India does not have a national language, but it does have two official languages which are:                    English and Hindi                                   The first state to be created on the basis of language was Andhra Pradesh in 1952

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Most states in India are created on the basis of language. India does not have a national language, but it does have two official languages which are:                    English and Hindi                                   The first state to be created on the basis of language was Andhra Pradesh in 1952

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India was divided based on linguistic and cultural differences so that it could be better administered state wise and more unity and peace between cultures.

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India was divided based on linguistic and cultural differences so that it could be better administered state wise and more unity and peace between cultures.

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--Nipun, X-A

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All the Indian states are divided on linguistic lines except for Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand (these three states were created on the basis of ethnicity and culture).  

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All the Indian states are divided on linguistic lines except for Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand (these three states were created on the basis of ethnicity and culture).  

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Garima Mishra (X-A)

Power sharing is the very spirit of our democracy.

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Federalism has dual objectives:
To safe guard and promote the unity of the country.
To accomodate regional diversity.

•some components of an ideal federal system are :

1. Mutual trust
2. Agreement to live together.

Anwesha sharma, X-A

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India has adopted various measures since independence to ensure 'unity in diversity'. These prevented the division of such a diverse nation an any basis plus it has avoided any conflict within the nation.

This has kept our country together since the time of Independence.

-ESHNA GIGOO

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Federalism is the mixed form of government comprising both the central and state government.

Shabana X-C

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India a federal country because of the following reasons: There are levels of governments—Central Government, State Government and Local Government. Each level of government administers over the same region, but they have their own jurisdiction in matters of administration, taxation and legislation.

Soni X-C

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Federalism
The  federalism is that a government in which power is divided between state and national levels.

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Beside Hindi there are 21 scheduled languages in India.

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when the power is taken away form central and state government and given to local government, it is called Decentralization.

-aasma sheikh

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Federalism as a state structure is important because it allows people, who live in different states and have different needs (or interests) to set policies suited to the people in their state, but still come together with other states as one nation.
iqra

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Federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government (the central or "federal" government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system.

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Modern federalism is a political system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments.

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Federalism as a state structure is important because it allows people, who live in different states and have different needs (or interests) to set policies suited to the people in their state, but still come together with other states as one nation.

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Origin of the word Federalism and first Federalist country

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Origin of the word Federalism and first Federalist country

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Federalism comes from a Latin word, foedus, meaning 'treaty', 'compact' or 'contract' . Foedus comes itself from an older Latin word, fides, meaning trust
The United States was the first country to introduce the concept of FEDERALISM in its constitution in 1789
---- Faraz

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There are 2 types of federalism- coming together federalism and holding together federalism.  Coming together federalism involves independent States coming together on their own to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security. USA, Switzerland and Australia are some examples of this federalism.
Holding together federalism is where a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent States and the national government. India, Belgium and Spain are examples of this federalism.
~ Sandra Reji

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In Belgium, they shifted from unitary form of government to a federal form of government whereas in Sri Lanka there was a majoritarian unitary government.