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- It is a macro-level theory which suggests that societies are made up of different classes who compete for scarce resources.

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1. Conflict Theorists believe that societies are made up of classes who have to compete for scarce resources (political, material, and social).

2. The inequalities in political and social structures cause conflicts

3. Social order is maintained by power and dominance, not by consensus and conformity.

4. Conflict can help in stabilizing society, for it is integral in achieving social change.

5. Social change is abrupt and revolutionary, as opposed to incremental change posed by the functionalists.

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The main ideas of the conflict theory trace back to the ideas of Karl Marx (1818-1883), a German sociologist and economist. He saw that society  made up of two conflicting classes, the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production and control the capital, and the proletariat who do not own the capital, and only have labor.

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Max Weber (1864-1920), another German sociologist, expanded the ideas of Marx, by adding that conflicts in the society were caused by inequalities brought by faulty political and social structures.

He also added that educational attainment, race, gender, and their reactions to inequalities, their social mobility, and the perceptions about the legitimacy of the people in power were affected by class differences.

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How does conflict theory views the education system and schooling, particular with the following key components:

1. Teachers
2. Students
3. Curriculum

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C. Wright Mills (1916-1962) used the conflict theory to examine power relations and the formation of power elites in the United States of America.

He said, “by the power elite, we refer to those political, economic, and military circles which as an intricate set of overlapping cliques share decisions having at least national consequences. In so far as national events are decided, the power elite are those who decide them.”