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The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African-American students at Little Rock High School. They were the first colored students to enter the school in 1957, three years after segregation in schools became illegal. On September 2 Gov. Orval Faubus ordered the state's National Guard to block the teens' entrance. Two days later a federal judge ordered them to attend, a mob blocked their entrance. On September 23 the teens, with a police escort, managed to make it into the school. However another mob tried to force their way into the school, the Little Rock Nine were sent home for their safety after three hours of classes. Two days after the last incident, President Eisenhower federalized the Nation Guard and sent out troops to Little Rock. The Little Rock Nine had began attending classes regularly while being personally guarded.

source: https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/little-rock-nine

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Born in rural Kosciusko, Mississippi in June of 1933, James Meredith was the 7th out of 13 children. Having a hard time growing up in rural Mississippi, he went to Florida to live with his aunt. After High school Meredith joined the Air Force and after nine years, returned to Mississippi and enrolled in Jackson State University. In January of '61 Meredith applied to University of Mississippi, an all-white school. His application was rejected twice before he legally challenged the university, with the support of the National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). After court battles, campus riots, and the defiance of Mississippi's Governor Ross Barnett, James Meredith was admitted on 1 October 1962. He was the first In early '63 Martin Luther King asked for the public's support and prayers for Meredith, published by New York Amsterdam News. Meredith graduated from University of Mississippi with a degree in political science.

source: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/meredith-james-howard

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Emmett Louis Till was born 25 July 1941. Till was born in to a working class family in South Side Chicago. When he was 14 they had taken a trip to visit family in rural Money, Mississippi. His mother had warned him that things tolerated in the North can have violent reactions in the South. He arrived in Money on 21 August 1955. Three days later (24 August 1955) Till, in a group with other teens, went to a local grocery. Witnesses say that one of the boys dared Till to talk to the cashier, Carolyn Bryant, a white woman. It was reported that Till whistled at, touched the hand or waist, and flirted with her as he was leaving the store; the story still isn't completely clear. Regardless, he didn't tell his great-uncle about the incident. On the morning of 28 August 1955, Roy Bryant, the cashier's husband, and his half-brother J.W. Milam, broke into the Wright residence, where Till was staying, and abducted Till at gun point. They had severely beat him, gouging out one of his eyes. Then they had taken him to the Tallahatchie River where they shot him, they then tied a large metal fan to his corpse with barbed wire and dumped his body in the river. Wright reported the kidnapping and Bryant and Milam were arrested the following day. 31 August 1955, Till's body was discovered. He was unrecognizable, they identified him by his father's ring which he had been wearing. His mother had decided on a open casket, choosing to show the public what her son had to endure. His death became a defining point to the Civil Rights Movement. Justice was never served to Till's case. With an all-white, all-male jury Till did not get justice. The FBI reopened the case in 2004, long after Bryant and Milam had died.  Nothing came of it.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Emmett-Till
https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/emmett-till
pic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmett_Till

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Rosa Louise McCauley was born on 4 February 1913, in Alabama. As a young girl she had attended an industrial school for girls and continued on to further education. However, she was forced to withdraw once her grandmother became sick. As she grew up in the segregated South, she was no stranger to discriminations and violence which caused her to be an active member in the civil rights movement at a young age. She married at 19 to Raymond Parks, a local barber actively fighting to dismantle racial injustice. She became secretary to NAACP. In 1955 when Parks had boarded the bus she was an established leader and organizer of the civil rights movement. Not only did she trigger the Montgomery Bus Boycott, she also helped organize it. She was jailed for not giving up her seat and fired from her job for participating in the boycott.

source: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/rosa-parks

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The Montgomery Buss Boycott was triggered by the arrest of Rosa Parks. It was a 13-month long protest that ended when the Supreme Court ruled that the segregation of public transportation was unconstitutional. It was the first large non-violent protest and paved way for many that came after it. The idea for to do something about the segregation of public transportation had been planted long before Rosa Parks incident. A 15 year-old, Claudette Colvin was arrested for challenging segregation of Montgomery buses.  Later, Mary Louise Smith, an 18 year old, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman. Neither arrest of these young women pushed the movement like Rosa Parks did.

source: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/montgomery-bus-boycott
pic: https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/02/11/podcast-montgomery-bus-boycott-womens-political-council/