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* The Reconstruction Act of 1867 removed the government of all the Southern states that had refused to ratify the 14th Amendment and replaced them with military rule until they ratified 14th Amendment and let African Americans vote .
* Education , Infrastructure , and Womens right all expanded under Racial Reconstruction .

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* Lee could not escape and surrendered .
* Over 600,000 people died - around 2000 confederates and 360,000 Union .
* The war reunited the Country and put an end to slavery .

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* At least 400 women disguised themselves and fought for Union and confederate Armies  .
* Women increasingly took over jobs in Factories and farms as men left for War .

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Vicksburg , MS - Grant v. Pemberton Union siege on the southern town of Vicksburg. Confederates surrender July 4 , 1863 - One day after Lee’s surrender at Gettysburg !

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Gettysburg , PA, MD July 1 - 3 , 1863 - Turning point because it drove the Confederates out of the North . Meade  v. Lee .  casualties - Almost 50,000 total - ⅓ of Confederates .

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Fredricksburg , VA 12/11/1862 - Burnside vs. Lee  Depressing defeat of the Union after attempting a full frontal attack. 12,000+ casualties for Union, only 5,000 for Confeds .

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Corinth , MS. 4/6/1862 - Grant v. Johnston.  Union gained control of western Tennessee and part of the Mississippi River .

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Sharpsburg , MD . 9/17/1862 - McClellan v. Lee.  Bloodiest day of the war, casualties - 12,000 Union and 14,000 Confederates.  No clear winner .

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Manassas , Va. 7/21/1861 - McDowell v. Jackson.  Both sides expected an easy victory .  Each side overestimated themselves while underestimating the opposition.  North retreated and the South were unable to pursue .

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* Nine years later, in 1831, a slave named Nat Turner led a bloody uprising in Virginia .
* Turner and his followers set out to kill every white person they could find. Armed with axes and guns, they killed at least 57 people over a period of two days .

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In 1822 , authorities in Charleston , South Carolina, learned that Denmark Vesey , a free black , was preparing to lead a sizable revolt of slaves. Vesey, along with more than 30 slaves , was arrested and hanged .

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Massachusetts become the first state to use taxes to set up public schools , free from religion . Only wealthy , no poor . Many Americans couldn't read or write .

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* Rifles and Connors had become more powerful , accurate , and deadly proving old fighting tactics obsolete and causing devastating causalities on both sides .
* First use of ironclads - warships recovered with Iron plates .

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* Better roads ,
* Faster steam boats and river travel .
* Efficient rail way system .

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* Would lead to prohibition
* Gave women a voice
* Rose awareness about abuse and domestic violence .

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Pushed for an end to alcohol abuse and the problems created by it .

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* Could not vote
* Could not serve on juries
* Could not attend college
* Could not enter professions such as Medicine or Law .

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Abolitionists were the reformers working to end slavery all over us .