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or “purple fringing”, is a common optical problem that occurs when a lens is either unable to bring all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane, and/or when wavelengths of color are focused at different positions in the focal plane

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print or display (a photograph or other image) using only a small number of different tones.

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Aliasing  is a form of distortion that occurs when two elements of the signal being processed to form a digital image become indistinguishable from one another. Aliasing often appears in an image in the form of moiré or false coloring.

Moire is a visual perception that occurs when viewing a set of lines or dots that is superimposed on another set of lines or dots, where the sets differ in relative size, angle, or spacing

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are the unwanted side-effects of processing an image. In this case, they result from the way data is compressed by the JPEG algorithm. Generally people want to be able to store photos digitally, without using too much storage space

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Barrel Lens is the distortion is where straight lines bend outward from the center of the image. Wide-angle prime lenses such as a 20mm lens or zoom lenses like my Nikon 24-70mm shot at its wide end typically produce images with barrel distortion because they have a wide field of view.

Pincushion is the distortion is a lens effect which causes images to become pinched in the center. Think of it as the effect on a pincushion as a pin is pushed into it: the fabric surrounding the pin moves down and toward the pin as pressure is applied

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is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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camera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm. ... This means a full-framesensor has more than 2.5 times the surface area of an APS-C sensor.

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is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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s the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs. Crop factor is a term that describes the difference between your camera's sensor size and a traditional 35mm film frame.

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Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

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Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

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a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

a byte considered as a unit of memory size.

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is a movement in art that began in France in 1907 that is characterized by the use of geometric planes and shapes

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is a form of photography that is distinguished by extreme, austere simplicity. It emphasizes spareness and focuses solely on the smallest number of objects in the composition process.

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is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.

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is used where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of their art. The Avant-garde in photography are critical of existing aesthetic views.

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s more than an artistic style—it's an artistic movement. Unlike other creative movements, which can be characterized by themes of imagery, color choices, or techniques,

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is a graphical representation of the tonal values of your image.

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is a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general.

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is an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate that consists of three-dimensional elements projecting out of or from the substrate. It is similar to collage, a two-dimensional medium

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is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless (clear) or grey filter, and is denoted by Wratten number 96.

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is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film. The effect was discovered independently by many different photographers often by mistake in the days of C-22 and E-4.

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is a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light. The aim is to create a focused beam with little diffusion.

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is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows thephotographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam. These may be conical, cylindrical, or rectangular in shape.

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is nothing more than a light modifier. Oh, but what it can do! A softbox diffuses the light into a pleasing soft, even light. When used properly, it reduces harsh shadows. The closer the softbox is to the model or subject, the softer the light appears, emulating window light.

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is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio. Each monolight has its own independent power source.

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is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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or amphitype, also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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is your most powerful tool for adjusting tones to brighten, darken, add contrast and shift colours, yet many users choose to avoid it.

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s a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and midtones in a histogram

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is a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macro photography. ... When used in photography, it creates an attractive catch light on a subject's eyes while emitting even, diffused lighting that helps eliminate shadows

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is the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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means “straight-out-of-camera” and denotes *ZERO* computer photoshop.

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is a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. This way an image can be put on textiles, cups, glass and many other surfaces.

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an image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched in.

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a photographic blueprint.

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any member of the most important class of pigments involved in photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy through the synthesis of organic compounds. ... It absorbs energy from light; this energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.

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A step by step guide of the chlorophyll printing process

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is a technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark. The light is evenly divided over the subject

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is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. ... Rembrandt lighting is characterized by an illuminated triangle under the eye of the subject on the less illuminated side of the face. It is named for the Dutch painter Rembrandt, who often used this type of lighting.

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Rembrandt lighting with single light. Photoshoot overview.

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek. It is a slightly directional lighting pattern - the light is not flat, but the face is still mostly illuminated.

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Why Lighting Patterns Are Important To Photographers? - Rembrandt, Loop, Split, & Butterfly

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

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The Secret to Perfect Butterfly Lighting in Portraits

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. ... Broad lighting is typically less flattering than short lighting as it widens the look of the face.

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Portrait photography tips: short and broad lighting tutorial

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by definition, refers to when the main light illuminates the side of the face that is turned away from the camera. This lets light fall on the narrow side of the face leaving a shadow on the broad side of the face, which is facing the camera

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Broad and Short Lighting in Portrait Photography

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Real Estate Exam Prep: Water Rights and the Doctrine of Prior Appropriation

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the action of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission.

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Real Estate Exam Prep: Water Rights and the Doctrine of Prior Appropriation

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the repeated exposure of a photographic plate or film to light, often producing ghost images.

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a painting or drawing of an arrangement of objects, typically including fruit and flowers and objects contrasting with these in texture, such as bowls and glassware.

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means taking photos for commercial use. And by commercial we mean for business, for sales, for money. Commercial photography is often associated with advertisements, sales pitches, brochures, product placements as well as merchandising.

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is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object. ... Mounted cameras may be triggered remotely or automatically; hand-held photographs may be taken by a photographer.