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Scientific Name : Impatiens balsamina
Note :

Balsminaceae impatiens is a common sun to partial shade flowering annual

Impatiens balsamina is known by the common name balsam or by the umbrella moniker of impatiens, which covers a wide variety of forms and tones. Balsam may also be found as “Rose Balsam.”

Growth Form : It is a sparsely-branched annual herbaceous plant and grows about 0.3 to 1 m tall.

Foliage : Its leaves are alternately arranged along the succulent stems, lanceolate-elliptic and have serrate margins. The leaves are about 4 to 12 cm long and 1.5 to 3 cm wide.

Flowers : Its flowers are  showy and come in many colors (eg. red, pink, purple), produced in stalkless clusters in leaf axils. The spurs are incurved and about 1 to 2.5 cm long.

Fruits : Fruits are fuzzy capsules, green turning to brown when mature, and split open easily to scatter small seeds.

Cultivation : It is commonly grown in gardens, but has also naturalized in many countries around the world, appearing mostly in disturbed areas. It is suitable for flower beds and containers. Propagate by seeds.

Etymology : The Genus name means impatient, referring to the exploding seed pods.

Ethnobotanical Uses : Food (Fruit & Vegetable : Leaves and young shoots cooked and eaten as vegetable. Seeds edible raw or cooked. ;Herb and Spice)
Medicinal ( The plant is used to treat pains in the joints. Leaf juice applied to warts. Mucilaginous flowers have cooling, antifungal and antibacterial properties, used to treat burns, scalds and snakebites. Powdered seeds given to women during labour to provide strength.)
Cultural / Religious ( A dye can be obtained from flowers and leaves, used for dyeing fingernails and toenails. )

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Scientific Name : Platycerium bifurcatum

Note :

Gowth Form : Large epiphytic fern (up to 3m long by 1.5m across when fully grown), with short and fleshy branched rhizome hidden in basin formed by upper fronds.

Foliage : Plant produces 2 types of fronds.

Cultivation : Can be mounted directly on tree branches/trunks, or tied to fern root slabs.

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Scientific Name : Clitorea ternata

Note :

Growth Form : A climbing legume with slender and twinning stems. .

Foliage : Leaves are compound pinnate, alternately arranged along the stem, with 5 - 7 elliptic to ovate leaflets, measuring 2.5 - 5 cm long and 1.5 - 3.5 cm wide. Each leaflet is thinly papery.

Flowers : Flowers are large, deep blue, pea-shaped. Flowers are located on leaf axils.

Fruits : Fruits are Fruits are flat dehiscent pods. brown, linear to oblong.  Fruit splits open to release 6 - 10 black, oblong seeds.

Cultivation : It is easily grown by seeds. Let pods dry on plant, before collecting seeds for sowing. Fast-growing, but may be attacked by aphids, resulting in plant defoliation. Plant prefers full sun but can tolerate slight semi-shade.

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Scientific Name : Clerodendrum thomsoniae

Note :

Growing Bleeding Heart Vines

Select a sunny and well drained soil for planting.

Bleeding Heart vine flower needs good sunlight.

Good amount of water is needed to the plant.

Bleeding Heart vines is mainly propagated by cuttings in late sunny day and well drained soil for the spring or summer.

Bleeding Heart vines can also propagated from seed in spring.

Feed the Bleeding Heart vine flower plant every 2 weeks.

Pruning is also necessary, in winter.

Cuttings will root in 10-14 days, but there should be a mist.

After the cuttings root in the container, supply the plant with good fertilizer.

Place the plant in the container and water it.

Provide 2 inches of mulch around the plant.

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Scientific Name : Aglaonema commutatum ‘Malay Beauty’

Note :

Growth Form : Herbaceous plant up to 1.2 m tall.

Foliage : Smooth leaves are narrowly triangular, gradually tapering to a long, soft tip.  They are green to dark green with large, silvery splotches that are arranged in an alternating banded pattern.

Cultivation : This low maintenance plant is ideal as a houseplant or office plant. It tolerates low light conditions well, but may become leggy over time. It will be more compact and bushy under bright, diffuse light.

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Scientific Name : Pereskia bleo

Note :

Growth Form : Perennial shrub up to 4m tall.

Foliage : Unlike other members of the cactus family (Family Cactaceae) which lack leaves or have tiny leaves which quickly fall off, this species has large leaves which remain on the plant. Green leaves are elliptic with wavy leaf margin. Leaf surface appears wrinkled with leaf blade bulging between veins.

Stems : The woody stems are heavily armed with dense clusters of black, needle-like spines.

Flowers : Orange-red, rose-like flowers are composed of about 10 obovate to oval petals. Bisexual flowers have a compact column of white stamens and styles in the centre.

Fruits : Yellow, funnel-shaped fruits are fleshy with several black, disc-shaped seeds.

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Scientific Name : Catharanthus roseus

Note :

Growth Form : Semi-woody shrub, short-lived perennial which is sometimes grown as annual, able to grow up to 0.5 - 0.8 m tall.

Foliage : Leaves glossy dark green, oval in shape, opposite arrangement, measuring about 2.5 - 3.5 cm long.

Stems : Bruised or cut stems secrete milky-white sap.

Flowers : Tubular flowers red to light pink, with 5 flattened petal-like lobes.

Fruits : Fruits are explosive follicles.

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Maiden's Jealousy/Galphimia Vine/ Golden Rod/Australian Gold Vine

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Maiden's Jealousy/Galphimia Vine/ Golden Rod/Australian Gold Vine

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Scientific Name : Tristellateia australasiae

Note :

Growth Form : It is a liana, up to 10 m tall or more.

Foliage : Its opposite, stalked leaves have somewhat papery leaf blades that are oblong-egg-shaped, and 6-12 by 4-7 cm.

Flowers : Its bright yellow-petalled flowers are 2-2.5 cm wide, borne on flowering shoots that are 10-30 cm long.

Fruits : Its star-shaped fruits are 1.5 cm wide, with up to three developing from each flower.

Cultivation :It can be propagated by seed or stem cuttings.

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Scientific Name : Hydrangea macrophylla

Note :

Growth Form : Shrub with a rounded growth habit, able to grow up to about 1 - 2 m tall.

Foliage : Dark green leaves, obovate to elliptic, serrated margins, measuring about 10 - 20 cm long.

Flowers : Large corymb inflorescence of light blue flowers, consisting of small fertile florets with scattered showy sterile florets often forming a marginal ring.

Others : Hydrangeas are well known because the change colour according to their pH value. When the soil is acidic, the flowers are blue or dark purple in colour. When the soil is alkaline, the flowers are pink in colour and when the soil is neutral, the flowers are white or pale green in colour.

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Scientific Name : Dieffenbachia seguine

Note :

Growth Form : A robust herbaceous shrub with usually unbranched fleshy stems and large elliptic leaves arching gratefully from the upstraight stems.

Foliage : Glossy and green with creamy white to yellow lines, spots or patches. Large (up to 45 cm long, elliptic to slightly lanceolate, smooth, entire margins.

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Scientific Name : Adenium obesum
Note :

Growth Form : Succulent shrub with a swollen base known as caudex.

Foliage : Smooth, gloosy green leaves are obovate with entire leaf margin and truncate or rounded lead apex.

Flowers : Flowers are tubular with 5 oval-shaped lobes that are flared and perpendicular to the floral tube axis.

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Scientific Name : Tagetes erecta

Note :

Growth Form : An annual which grows upright with a height of 30 to 150 cm and spreads to about 30 cm across. The leaves and flowers are aromatic when crushed.

Foliage : Leaves are dark green and pinnate. Crushed leaves produce a mild fragrance.

Cultivation : Prefers moist and well-drained soil although can tolerate clay and dry soils. Tolerant to full sun but appreciate slight afternoon shade. Pinch young plants to promote bushier growth.

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Scientific Name : Calathea loeseneri

Note :

Growth Form : Large, erect herb up to 1.5 m tall.

Foliage : Large, oval-shaped leaves are light green with white to light green midrib. They are held erect by a long petiole (leaf stalk).

Stems : It has underground, horizontal stems known as rhizomes.

Flowers : The inflorescence resembles a single, large, star-shaped flower (7.5 cm wide). It is composed of white to pinkish, lance-shaped bracts that look like petals and inconspicuous, small, white flowers. They are borne on a long stalk and held above the foliage.

Cultivation : This low maintenance plant grows best in consistently moist, but well-drained soils. Full sun will cause the leaves to  scorch.

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Heart of Jesus/Angel Wings/Fancy Leaf Caladium/Elephant's Ears

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Heart of Jesus/Angel Wings/Fancy Leaf Caladium/Elephant's Ears

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Scientific Name : Caladium bicolor

Note :

Growth Form : Perennial herb forming clumps up to 0.8 m tall.

Foliage : Large, thin leaves are shaped like arrowheads and come in a variety of patterns and colors.

Flowers : Calla-like flowers are small and inconspicuous.

Cultivation : It grows best in acidic soils rich in organic matter.

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Scientific Name : Adenocalymma alliaceum

Note :

Description : Mansoa alliacea is an ornamental evergreen vine, 2-2.5m (6 to 8 feet) tall; opposite leaves divided into two ovate leaflets, up to 15cm (6 inch) long. The leaves are bright green.

Two special features makes this plant pretty unique: First, the tri-colour blooms. Secondly, its specific garlic-like odor when parts of plants are crushed.

Crushed leaves smell like garlic, although of course the plant is not related to the common edible onion or garlic at all. Usually the odor is noticed when its leaves are crushed or when prune its branches.

Propagation : Mansoa alliacea can be propagate from cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings can be taken for propagation. Each stem should have at least 3-4 nodes and can be stuck into a mixture of sand and compost to start the rooting process, after removing some leaves to reduce water loss. Rooting hormone powder is usually not needed

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Scientific Name:  Costus woodsonii

Note :

Growth Form : It is a perennial herbaceous plant about 1-2 m tall, with a clump forming growth habit.

Foliage : The broadly elliptical leaves (15 cm long, 8 cm wide) are hairless, glossy and spirally arranged along the stems.

Stems : Round, succulent stems are produced by an underground horizontal stem known as a rhizome. The aboveground stems are erect to leaning and loosely spiraled.

Flowers : The inflorescence is cylindrical with a tapered tip (6-10 cm long) and occurs at the stem tip. The bracts are tightly overlapped, bright red and waxy. The reddish-orange, tubular flowers have a yellow-orange lip near the apex. They emerge at the top of the inflorescence, 1-3 at a time from between the bracts.

Fruits : The dry, dehiscent fruit is known as a capsule. It is woody and approximately round to egg-shaped.

Cultivation : It grows best in rich, moist soil in semi-shade, being susceptible to sunburn under hot afternoon sun. Feed once a month with a balanced fertilizer such as one with a NPK ratio of 15-15-15.

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Scientific Name : Acanthus dyeriana, Strobilanthes auriculata var. dyeriana

Note :

Growth Form : Erect herbaceous plant, able to grow up to 0.5 - 1 m tall and 0.5 m wide.

Foliage : Leaves variegated with shimmering shades of purple, green and silver, with completely purple underneath, ovate-lanceolate in shape and measuring up to 20 cm long.

Stems : Stems are squarish in cross-section.

Flowers : Purple, 5-lobed funnel-shaped flowers are arranged in short cone-like infloresences.

Cultivation : Ideal as bedding plant for lining borders and corners that enjoy morning or afternoon sun. Tip-prune to promote bushy growth and minimize legginess.

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Scientific Name : Jatropha panduraefolia

Note :

Growth Form : Evergreen woody shrub or small tree, able to grow up to about 4.5 m tall and with a spread of 2 - 3 m wide.

Foliage : Green leaves, oblong to obovate in shape and sometimes three-lobed,  simple and alternate arrangement, measuring about 10 - 20 cm long.

Flowers : Separate male and female flowers on the same plant, red in colour and measuring about 2.5 cm across, usually in clusters.

Fruits : Oval-shaped fruit, measuring about 1 - 2 cm long, green in colour, seeds measuring about 0.9 - 1 cm long.

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Scientific Name : Thunbergia grandiflora

Note :

Thunbergia grandiflora is a long-lived (perennial), vigorous, climbing plant that can grow up to 15 m in height when supported by a hosttree.

Younger stems are green, hairy (pubescent), and square in cross-section (quadrangular).

The oppositely arranged leaves are borne on hairy stalks (pubescent petioles) 4-12 cm long.

The trumpet-shaped (tubular) flowers are borne in elongated clusters (racemes) on long, drooping (pendent) branches.

Thunbergia grandiflora reproduces via seed.

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Scientific Name : Caesalpinia pulcherrima ‘Cream Puff’
Note :

Growth Form : Shrub or miniature tree with wide open crown, fast-growing and evergreen.

Foliage : Bipinnate and fernlike.

Stems : Green, turning grayish-brown as the stems become woodier, covered with spines, which swell at the base as the stems mature.

Flowers : Light yellow, scentless with long stamens and pistil. There is one modified petal which is smaller than the other 4 petals.

Fruits : Oblong pod, thin, up to 10cm long. Pods split to disperse the single row of flattened seeds.

Cultivation : This attractive shrub flowers throughout the year

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Scientific Name : Caryopteris hispida, Lantana aculeata

Note :

Growth Form : Multi-branched shrub, up to 1.2 m tall.

Foliage : Leaves rough-hairy with coarsely-serrated margin, emit a pungent scent when crushed or rubbed -- hence the Malay name 'Bunga Tahi Ayam' (Chicken Dung Flower).

Stems : Stems square or 3-angled, covered with bristly hairs when young, often armed with scattered hooked prickles when mature.

Flowers : Flowers multi-coloured, changing colour over time and with pollination, held in showy clusters, attract butterflies.

Fruits : Fruits 2-seeded globose berries, ripen from green to deep blue or purple-black, eaten by birds which disperse the seeds

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Scientific Name : Tabernaemontana divaricate ‘Dwarf’

Note :

Plant Morphology : Growth Form: A dwarf bushy shrub with  produces milky sap when injured.

Foliage : Leaves green, glossy, simple, lanceolate shaped, apex acuminate, base attenuate.

Flowers : White, 5 petals arranged like pinwheels in counterclockwise direction, has white corolla tube.

Etymology : Genus Tabernaemontana is named after a German herbalist, Jakob Theodor van Bergzaben (1520 - 1590) Specific epithet divaricata means wide-spreading, divaricate.

Ethnobotanical Uses : Medicinal (This plant is believed to have antimicrobial action against infectious diseases like syphilis and leprosy as well as anti-parasitic action against worms, diarrhoea and malaria. Its root is reportedly being used in folk medicine for analgesic properties.)

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Giant Taro/Greater Alocasia/ Birah Negeri/Elephant's Ear

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Giant Taro/Greater Alocasia/ Birah Negeri/Elephant's Ear

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Scientific Name : Alocasia macrorrhizos

Note :

Growth Form : A glabrous herbaceous plant, growing up to 5 m tall.

Foliage : Arranged in rosettes, ascending; leaf blades are flattened, pointing upwards, measures 25 - 50 cm by 20 - 35 cm, green in colour, slightly glossy, arrow-shaped, apex acute, base hastate, margin wavy, petiole measuring 60 - 100 cm long.

Stems : Acaulescent, has a short corm, produces sap and has an elongated caudex as it grows.

Flowers : Inflorescences, enfolded by bracts; peduncles are 20 - 45 cm long, spathe white - yellowish green with 15 - 35 cm long, lower part folds into a green tube; spadix 11 - 32 cm long, pistil 3 -4 cm long and 1.5 cm thick.

Fruits : Fleshy berry, globose or ovoid in shape, turns red when matures.

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Scientific Name : Crossandra infundibuliformis

Note :

Crossandra readily roots from cuttings. For best results, take cuttings early in the spring growing season, use a rooting hormone, and plant the cuttings into seed-starting soil. Provide bottom heat and plenty of humidity until new growth emerges, then move to their permanent location. Young plants grow quickly and will likely need to be repotted within the first month before they begin to bloom.

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Scientific Name : Nerium guineense

Note :

Growth Form : A woody vine which can reach a height of 25m, it can also be grown as a sarmentose shrub.

Foliage : The leaves are simple and glabrous.

Stems : The branches are dark coloured, glabrous and lenticillate.

Flower : The flowers are borne on terminal cymes. The bisexual flowers have 5-lobed light pink petals and are fragrant.

Fruits : The fruits are divergent follicles, connate at the base.

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Scientific Name : Agave godseffiana

Note :

Foliage : Leaves are smooth and leathery, about 7 - 12cm long, elliptical or ovate, with a mucronate apex. Young leaves are green with attractive yellow or golden variegation patterns, usually spots or blotches. They are arranged spirally at the growing tip of the stems. As the stem grows, the leaves mature and the yellow variegation fades to cream or white, and the internodes lengthen. Pairs of leaves may appear to be in opposite arrangement, while clusters of 3-4 leaves appear as whorls.

Flowers : Flowers are white, inconspicuous, about 1.5cm long, borne in a terminal globular cluster on a downward drooping peduncle which is about 8 to 15cm long.

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Scientific Name : Ruellia brittoniana

Note :

Growth Form : Short, herbaceous plant with erect growth habit.

Foliage : Leaves are narrow and linear with distinct purplish veins. The venation is pinnate or feather-like; the veins curve to the tip and run nearly parallel to the leaf edges.

Flowers : Tubular flowers are light purple and 5-lobed. Petals are approximately round to obovate with irregular edges and a longitudinal groove in the middle.

Fruits : Light brown fruits are long, cylindrical seed pods with pointed tips.

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Scientific Name : Graptophyllum pictum “Tricolor”

Note :

Herbaceous shrub with erect growth habit

Young herbaceous stem is red

Opposite leaves are elliptic with entire or wavy leaf margin (15 cm long). Leaves are mostly green with mixed patches of peach, cream and pink along the midvein.

Reddish purple or pinkish purple flowers are tubular and located near the stem tips in clusters (4 cm long, 1 cm wide).

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Scientific Name : Excoecaria cochinchinensis ‘Firestorm’

Note :

Growth Form : Evergreen shrub, able to grow to 1 - 2 m tall.

Foliage : Leaves lanceolate in shaped, opposite arrangement, wavy margins, measuring about 7 - 10 cm long, light green with patches of cream on the top and maroon underneath.

Origin : Native to Southeast Asia and Yunnan in China and through Indochina to Malaysia.

Plant type : A tropical to subtropical evergreen shrub.

Culture (Care) : Excoecaria cochinchinensis cv. Firestorm grows easily with minimum care.

Light : Filtered sunlight to light shade. However, it grows best in morning sun and afternoon shade. It loves warmth and humid conditions.

Moisture : Moderate water requirement. Allow the surface soil to slightly dry out between waterings, especially if plant is potted.

Soil : Any well-draining and well-aerated potting soils will be fine.

Others : Handle the Chinese Croton with precaution as the sap is toxic and may cause skin irritation for some people. If grown indoor as a potted plant, shower it occasionally to remove accumulated dust. Feed it with a balanced foliage fertiliser once monthly. Prune your plant to rejuvenate and encourage more branching for a more bushy appearance. Generally free from serious pests and diseases.

Propagation : By stem cuttings.

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Scientific Name : Cuphea hyssopifolia

Note :

Type : Broadleaf evergreen

Family : Lythraceae

Native Range : Mexico, Guatemala

Height : 1.00 to 2.00 feet

Spread : 0.75 to 2.50 feet

Bloom Time : Flowers freely

Bloom Description : Lavender

Light Preference : Full sun

Water Preference : Medium

Suggested Use : Annual

Flower : Showy

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Fishtail Heliconia/ Hanging Lobster's Claw

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Fishtail Heliconia/ Hanging Lobster's Claw

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Scientific Name : Heliconia rostrata

Note :

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

Mature Foliage color : Green

Flowers Color : red, yellow/golden

Native Distribution :  Tropica America

Light Preference : Full sun, Semi-shade

Water Preference : Lots of Water, Ocassional Misting

Mature Foliage Color(s) : Green

Leaf Area Index (LAI) * for Green Plot Ratio : 3.5 (Shrub & Groundcover - Monocot)

Flower Color(s) : Red, Yellow/Golden

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Mussaenda Queen Sirikit  (Pink Mussaenda) 

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Mussaenda Queen Sirikit  (Pink Mussaenda) 

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Scientific Name : Mussaenda erythrophylla ' Dona Queen '
Note :

Mussaenda is a tropical scrub or sub-shrub that will grow to 10ft tall in tropical areas, but more likely will reach 1-3ft tall in containers.

Clusters (corymbs) of small, tubular flowers with five spreading lobes bloom in summer.

Elliptic to ovate, bright green leaves (to 6” long)

Hybrids typically feature flowers in red and/or yellow with showy sepals of white, bright red or pink.

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Scientific Name : Alamanda cathartica

Note :

Growth Form : a woody and evergreen vine. It can grow up to 6m in height.

Foliage : the leaves are borne in whorls along the stems and are leathery and ablong-lanceolate in shape, grow up to 16cm long and  6cm wide.

Stems : Woody and twinning stem. It contains milky sap.

Flowers : The yellow, funnel-shaped flowers are borne in axillary cymes. The flowers sepals are ovate to narrowly ovate, the flower corolla is yellow and 5-lobed and spreading.

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Java Tea/Kidneys Tea Plant Cat's Whiskers (Misai Kucing)

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Java Tea/Kidneys Tea Plant Cat's Whiskers (Misai Kucing)

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Scientific Name : Orthosiphon aristatus

Note :

Growth Form : Perennial herb up to 1 m tall.

Foliage : Dark green, smooth leaves are lighter green on the bottom with a toothed leaf margin (5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide).

Stems : Purplish stems are 4-sided and smooth.

Flowers : White, 2-lipped flowers are hairy with 5 cm-long, whisker-like stamens (male part producing the pollen). Flowers are arranged in a conical-shaped inflorescence (6-10 cm long).

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Scientific Name : Coleus blumei Benth

Note :

Growth Form : Annual herb to 60cm tall

Foliage : Leaves to 5 (-6)cm long by 3.5 (-4)cm wide, bright purplish-red with a bright yellow median stripe on the mid vein, on some leaves spilling over onto the area next to the parallel to the mid vein and secondary veins.

Flowers : Inflorescence to 20 cm tall, flowers blusih violet

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Scientific Name : Pseuderanthemum  reticulatum

Note :

Culture (Care): Pseuderanthemum reticulatum grows easily with moderate care. It enjoys the sunny, humid and wet seasons of the tropics.

Light: Grows best in full sun or partial sun for vibrant foliage colours.

Moisture: Average water requirements. However, it thrives best with regular watering, especially during the hot and dry seasons. It enjoys high humidity.

Soil: Prefers well-drained and fertile loamy soils.

Others: Prune regularly to maintain preferred height and size, to encourage new growth and more blooms, as well as to keep bush dense and compact. It tolerates hard-pruning very well and should be applied to keep hedges neat and tidy. Feed once monthly with a balanced fertilizer. Generally free from diseases and pests. However, do watch out for caterpillars that feed on its leaves.

Propagation: Easily propagated from stem or tip cuttings that root easily on soil.

Usage: Pseuderanthemum reticulatum is excellent as an ornamental specimen plant or flowering shrub. Use it in flower bed or border and ideal for container planting. Golden Eldorado makes great shrubbery when mass planted as screens or hedges because of their dense and colourful foliage and free flowering throughout the year. And grow it if you’re a nature lover to attract butterflies and bees to your garden.

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Scientific Name : Hibiscus mutabilis

Note :

The hibiscus is an evergreen shrub, growing to a maximum of 10 m in the wild. Its bark is light-grey, easy to peel and smooth.

Hibiscus leaves are ovate, simple and 8 to 10.5 cm long.

Flowers are bisexual, large and showy, grow up to 25 cm wide, stalked and arising singly from the upper leaf axils.

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Scientific Name : Euphorbia milii

Note :

It is a succulent subshrub or shrub growing to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) tall, with densely spiny stems.

The leaves are found mainly on new growth and are up to 3.5 cm (1.4 in) long 1.5 cm (0.59 in) broad.

The flower are small. Subtended by a pair of conspicuous petal-like bracts, variable red, pink or white, up to 12 mm (0.47 in) broad.

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Scientific Name : Cananga odorata Var. fruticosa

Note :

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

Mature foliage color: Green

Flowers color: red, yellow/golden

Growth Form : Small-sized shrub, compact, able to grow to about 1 - 2 m tall tall.

Flowers  :Yellow fragrant flowers with curled petals.

Associated Flora : Dwarf form of Cananga odorata.

Etymology : Genus Cananga is derived from a Tagalog name "alang ilang" and also refers to the perfume produced from the fragrant flowers. Species odorata means fragrant or sweet-scented.

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant

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Scientific Name : Euodia suaveolens Scheff.

Family Name : Rutaceae
Synonyms : Evodia hortensis
Common Name : Lacy Lady Aralia, Zodia
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Shrubby

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage, Fragrant (Foliage, Fruits)

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Hedge / Screening

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Scientific Name :
Dracaena surculosa Lindl., Hook. f. var. maculata
Family Name : Asparagaceae
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Easy to Grow

Landscape Uses : Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant

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Scientific Name : Cycas revoluta

Family Name : Cycadaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Gymnosperms (Non-Flowering Seed Plants) (Cycad)

Plant Growth Form : Cycad

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Maximum Height : 6 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Dry Soils / Drought, Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils

Landscape Uses : Bonsai, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting

Usage Hazard - Cons Remarks : Spiky leaves, kept away from paths when planting.

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Scientific Name :

Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G.S. Bunting

Family Name : AraceaeSynonyms:Scindapsus aureus, Epipremnum pinnatum 'Aureum'
Common Name : Ivy Arum, Golden Pothos, Money Plant, Devil's Ivy
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Climber, Vine & Liana, Shrub (Trailing)

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Easy to Grow

Landscape Uses : Hanging Basket, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Phytoremediation (Aerial Contaminant(s))

PLANT CARE AND PROPAGATION

Light Preference : Semi-Shade

Water Preference : Lots of Water

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Scientific Name : Cheilocostus speciosus 'Variegatus'

Family Name : Costaceae

Synonyms : Costus speciosus 'Variegatus'

Common Name : Variegated Spiral Ginger
Note :

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Growth Form : Spiral ginger to 2m tall

Foliage : Leaves with cream/white stripes

Flowers : Flowers white, to 8cm across

Ethnobotanical Uses :             Edible Plant Parts (Edible Flowers)

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscaping : Can be used as a focal plant or a low hedge to screen off unsightly areas.

Desirable Plant Features :      Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Stems

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils

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Scientific Name : Ixora 'Sunkist'

Family Name : Rubiaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

FAUNA, POLLINATION AND DISPERSAL

Fauna Pollination :  Dispersal Associated Fauna

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Scientific Name: Terminalia molinetii M. Gómez

Family Name: Combretaceae
Note :

Classifications and characteristics

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody), Tree (Small (6m-15m), Shrubby (1m-5m))

Lifespan (in Singapore): Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Umbrella

Maximum Height : 3 m to 7 m

Landscaping features

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Dry Soils / Drought

Landscape Uses : Container Planting, Coastal, Bonsai, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Beachfront / Shoreline

Thematic Landscaping : Rockery / Desert Garden, Formal Garden

Usage Hazard : Cons        Spines/Thorns : Stem/Branch

Usage Hazard - Cons Remarks : Stiff spines (1-3cm) found along stems & base of leaf whorls

Plant & Rootzone Preference or Tolerance : Remarks       Likes moist soils.

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Scientific Name : Dracaena reflexa Baker var. angustifolia

Family Name : Asparagaceae

Synonyms: Dracaena marginata

Common Name: Silhouette Plant, Rainbow Tree, Madagascar Dragon Tree
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage
PLANT CARE AND PROPAGATION

Light Preference : Semi-Shade, Full Sun

Water Preference : Moderate Water

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Scientific name: Etlingera elatior (Red)

Family name: Zingiberaceae
Common name: Red Torch Ginger, Wax Flower

Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division :  Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form :  Herbaceous Plant

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition :  Autotrophic

Maximum Height :  3.7 m to 6 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : moist soils

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Scientific name: Pereskia bleo

Family name: Cactaceae

Synonym: Cactus bleo, Rhodocactus bleo
Common name: Wax Rose, Rose Cactus, Jarum Tujuh Bilah, Leaf Cactus, Perescia
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division: Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form: Shrub

Lifespan (in Singapore): Perennial

Mode of Nutrition: Autotrophic

Maximum Height: 4 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features:  Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance :  Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Container Planting

Usage Hazard – Cons :  Spines/Thorns - Stem/Branch

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Scientific Name : Ficus benjamina L.

Family Name : Moraceae

Synonyms: Ficus waringiana, Ficus schlechteri

Common Name : Weeping Fig, Java Willow, Java Tree, Beringin, Benjamin Tree, Small-Leaved Fig, Small-Leaved Rubber Plant, Benjamin's Fig, Malayan Banyan, Java Fig, Tropical Laurel, Weeping Laurel, Waringin, Ara Waringin, Jejaw
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub, Tree (Medium (16m-30m))

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Rounded

Maximum Height : 20 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 18 m to 21 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Fruits

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Container Planting, Bonsai, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Shade Providing Tree / Palm, Hedge / Screening, Topiary

Thematic Landscaping : Naturalistic Garden

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Scientific Name : Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Wight) Mull. Arg.

Family Name : Phyllanthaceae

Common Name : Ceylon Myrtle, Mousetail Plan
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Growth Form : Popular ornamental shrub that grows up to 3 m tall.

Foliage : Small, lanceolate to oblong leaves are light green and have alternate leaf arrangement. They are held in the same plane in 2 files along the stem.

Stems : Thin, flexible stems droop gracefully downwards. Stems are highly branched, producing a dense crown.

Flowers : Small flowers are pink to red.

Fruits : Small fruits are round and slightly flattened.

Etymology : Genus Phyllanthus means flowering from edges of leaf-like phyllodes. Species myrtifolius means myrtle-leaved

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Scientific Name: Crinum sp. (narrow pointed leaves)
Family Name: Amaryllidaceae
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Feature : Ornamental Flowers

PLANT CARE AND PROPAGATION

Light Preference : Semi-Shade

Water Preference : Lots of Water

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Scientific Name : Acalypha wilkesiana 'Java White'

Family Name : Euphorbiaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Growth Form : Shrub which grows to about 2 - 3 m high and 2 m wide

Foliage : Bright yellow foliage with irregular splashes of green

Flowers : Both male and female flowers are produced in long, thin spikes

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Hedge / Screening

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Scientific Name : Carmona retusa

Family Name : Boraginaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 1 m to 4 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Form

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Hedge / Screening, Container Planting, Bonsai

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Scientific Name: Heliconia episcopalis × standleyi ''Flabellata''
Family Name: Heliconiaceae

Common Name: Flabellata, Arrowhead
Note :

Classifications and characteristics:

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Landscaping features:

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Form

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens

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Scientific Name : Wrightia religiosa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Kurz

Family Name : Apocynaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Fragrant (Flowers), Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Bonsai, Flowerbed / Border, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Skyrise / Balcony

Thematic Landscaping : Fragrant / Aromatherapy Garden

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Scientific Name : Pleiostachya pruinosa

Family Name : Marantaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Lifespan : Perennial

Habit : Herbaceous / Rhizomatous

Leaf type : Evergreen

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Waterlogged Soils (Drains Site), Fertile Loamy Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Container Planting

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Scientific Name : Murraya paniculata

Family Name :  Rutaceae
Synonyms : Chalcas exotica, Murraya exotica
Common Name : Mock Lime, China Box, Kemuning, Mock Orange, Burmese Boxwood, Chinese Box, Orange Jasmine, Kemuning Lada, Orange Jessamine,
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Shrubby

Maximum Height : 2.5 m to 3.5 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Fragrant (Flowers), Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Acidic (low pH) Soils, Alkaline high pH Soils

Landscape Uses : Hedge / Screening, Topiary, Parks & Gardens

Thematic Landscaping : Formal Garden

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Scientific Name: Asplenium antiquum, Asplenium australiasicum, Asplenium filicifolium, Asplenium pachyphyllum
Family Name: Aspleniaceae

Common Name: Bird's Nest Fern, Rumah Langsuyar, Paku Pandan
Note :

Classifications and characteristics

Plant Division : Ferns & Allies (Non-Seed Vascular Plants) (Fern)

Landscaping features

Desirable Plant Features: Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Easy to Grow, Moist Soils

Landscape Uses : Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens

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Scientific Name: Bougainvillea 'Surprise', Bougainvillea 'Ailsa Lambe', Bougainvillea 'Snow Cap'
Family Name: Nyctaginaceae
Note :

Classifications and characteristics:

Plant Growth Form : Climber, Vine & Liana, Shrub

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Description and ethnobotany

Growth Form : Scrambling woody shrub, able to grow up to 4 - 8 m tall and with a spread of 1 - 1.5 m wide.

Stems : Stems have thorns that are found at the leaf axils.

Flowers : Tubular flowers, creamy white, measuring about 2.5 cm wide and covered by petal-like bracts which turn from coppery to pink upon maturity.

Etymology : Genus Bougainvillea is named after Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729 - 1811), who was a French naval officer.

Landscaping features

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Dry Soils / Drought, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Bonsai, Container Planting, General, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens

Usage : Hazard - Cons        Spines/Thorns - Stem/Branch

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Scientific Name: Podocarpus cultivar (variegated)
Family Name: Podocarpaceae
Note :

Classifications and characteristics:

Plant Division Angiosperms : (Flowering Seed Plants)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

Description and ethnobotany

Growth Form : Shrub with erect, bushy stems.

Foliage : Narrow, linear leaves are cream and green variegated. They are spirally arranged and closely spaced along the stems. Young foliage are either solid cream or mostly cream with thin slivers of green in the middle.

Landscaping features:

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Container Planting

Thematic Landscaping : Golden Garden

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Scientific Name : Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.

Family Name : Orchidaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous, Trailing), Epiphyte

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic, Heterotrophic (Symbiotic - Mutualistic Partner of)

Plant Shape : Shrubby

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant (Flowers)

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Shallow Media (8 -10cm), Dry Soils / Drought

Landscape Uses : Coastal, Vertical Greenery / Green Wall

Thematic Landscaping : Fragrant / Aromatherapy Garden, Naturalistic Garden

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Scientific Name : Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl.

Family Name : Orchidaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Epiphyte

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Coastal, Beachfront / Shoreline, Skyrise / Balcony, Hanging Basket

Thematic Landscaping : Golden Garden, Naturalistic Garden

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Scientific Name : Zamioculcas zamiifolia

Family Name :  Araceae
Synonyms :  Caladium zamiaefolium
Common Name : ZZ Plant, Aroid Palm, Arum Fern
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Herbaceous Plant

Lifespan : Perennial

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Growth Form : It is a herbaceous plant growing around 1 m tall.

Foliage : Zamioculcas zamiifolia has compound leaves. Each leaf is consisted of several pairs of elliptic leaflets, which are leathery and glossy.

Flowers : Its inflorescence is consisted of white spadix and green spathe.

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscaping : Zamioculcas zamiifolia is a popular indoor plant.

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Form

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Easy to Grow, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting

Usage Hazard - Cons : Irritant - Sap

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Scientific Name : Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.

Family Name : Rutaceae
Common Name : Curry Leaf Tree, Daun Kari, Indian Curry Tree, Curry Bush, Karapincha, Karwa Pale, Garupillai, Kerupulai
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)

Lifespan :Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Shrubby

Maximum Height : 2.5 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Fragrant (Foliage)

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Container Planting

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Scientific Name: Syzygium myrtifolium (variegated)
Family Name : Myrtaceae
Note :

Classifications and characteristics

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)

Plant Growth Form : Tree, Shrub

Lifespan : Perennial

Landscaping features

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils
Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Hedge / Screening

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Scientific Name: Ficus waringiana, Ficus schlechteri
Family Name: Moraceae

Common Name: Weeping Fig, Java Willow, Java Tree, Beringin, Benjamin Tree, Small-Leaved Fig, Small-Leaved Rubber Plant, Benjamin's Fig, Malayan Banyan, Java Fig, Tropical Laurel, Weeping Laurel, Waringin, Ara Waringin, Jejawi
Noted :

Classifications and characteristics

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub, Tree (Medium (16m-30m))

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Rounded

Maximum Height : 20 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 8 m to 21 m

Landscaping features

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Fruits

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Container Planting, Bonsai, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Shade Providing Tree / Palm, Hedge / Screening, Topiary

Thematic Landscaping : Naturalistic Garden

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Scientific Name : Tibouchina urvilleana (DC) Cogn.

Family Name : Melastomataceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Rounded

Maximum Height : 4 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 2.5 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscaping : This species is often used as an ornamental shrub in subtropical and tropical climates. It may be used as a specimen plant, as the large, bright purple flowers are sure to attract interest. The greyish green, softly hairy leaves provide a contrast in colour and texture when placed next to plants with smooth, green foliage.

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Acidic (low pH) Soils, Easy to Grow, Disease / Pest Resistant

Landscape Uses : General, Flowerbed / Border, Focal Plant, Container Planting

Usage Hazard – Cons : Invasive / Potentially Invasive

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Scientific Name :

Duranta erecta L.

Name :  Verbenaceae
Synonyms : Duranta plumiera, Duranta repens
Common Name : Golden Dew-Drop, Lilac-flowered Golden Dewdrop, Pigeon Berry, Sky Flower, Brazilian Sky Flower, Kachang Puteh, Forget-Me-Not
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition :Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Irregular

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscaping : It is suitable for streetscapes and parks for its attractive purple flowers.

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils

Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Hedge / Screening, Flowerbed / Border, Container Planting

Thematic Landscaping : Butterfly Garden

Usage Hazard - Cons : Spines/Thorns - Stem/Branch, Toxic Upon Ingestion

Usage Hazard - Cons Remarks : Its fruit are reported to be toxic to humans and pets.

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Scientific Name : Sansevieria trifasciata
Common Name : Grey-green-yellow leaves
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Feature : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance :Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Poor Infertile Soils, Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Acidic (low pH) Soils, Alkaline high pH Soils, Shallow Media (8 -10cm), Easy to Grow, Dry Soils / Drought

Landscape Uses : General, Flowerbed / Border, Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Green Roof, Coastal

Thematic Landscaping : Rockery / Desert Garden

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Scientific Name : Dracaena reflexa

Synonyms : Agave reflexa 'Variegata
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Growth Form : Erect, multi-stemmed shrub, able to grow up to 2 - 6 m tall.

Foliage : Simple leaves, lanceolate to elliptic, measuring about 10 - 15 cm long, parallel venation, margin entire.

Stems : Stems are silvery brown in colour and covered with scars from fallen leaves.

Flowers : Small yellowish-green flowers arranged in a panicle.

Etymology : Genus Dracaena is from the Greek word drakaina which means a female dragon and could refer to the source of the dragon's blood (dried juice from the plant). Species reflexa means bent back upon itself.

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Scientific Name : Dracaena reflexa var. angustifolia 'Tricolor'

Family Name : Asparagaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Shrub

Maximum Height : 3 m

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Trunk : The stem or trunk is grey, with prominent leaf scars. Indoor specimens that have been moved around may have very contorted stems due to phototropism.

Foliage : Long, subulate (very narrowly lanceolate) leaves, ranging from 15 - 50cm long, tapering to an acuminate point. Midribs are usually cream, flanked by green and then reddish-pink at the margins. On specimens grown outdoors under direct sunlight, leaves tend to be very stiff and erect, creating a spiky appearance to the crown. Indoor specimens tend to have drooping foliage (except for very young leaves) and may have deeper colouration or even lose some of their variegation if the light levels are too low.

Others - Plant Morphology : A striking member of the Dracaena genus with dramatic, multi-coloured foliage, growing into an upright, multi-stemmed shrub of about 3m when outdoors. Also a common indoor and container-grown plant.

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Scientific Name : Cyrtostachys renda Blume

Family : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 12 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscaping : Its bright scarlet leaf sheaths make this palm one of the most attractive of palms. It is an ornamental palm suitable for gardens, parks, roadsides and around the edges of ponds and water bodies.

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Stems, Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Form

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Waterlogged Soils (Drains Site, Does not Drain Site), Moist Soils, Heavy Clay Soils

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, General, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Hedge / Screening, Riverine, Pond / Lake / River, Marsh / Bog, Focal Plant

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific Name : Beaucarnea recurvata Lem.

Family Name : Asparagaceae
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Fountain (Palm-like)

Maximum Height : 1.8 m to 9 m

Tree or Palm – Trunk Diameter : 3 to 3

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : General, Green Roof, Focal Plant, Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant

Thematic Landscaping : Rockery / Desert Garden

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Scientific Name: Livistona chinensis
Family Name: Arecaceae (Palmae)

Common Name: Chinese Fan Palm, Fountain Palm, Serdang, Chinese Fountain Palm
Note :

Classifications and characteristics:

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

Description and ethnobotany:

Others - Plant Morphology : The leaves of this palm are deeply divided into about 75 segments that droop downward that portrays an effect of a fountain. These leaves grow to form a dense canopy on a brown trunk. This palm is slowly growing to a height of 30 feet. This Livistona can grow to 50 feet in its native habitat. But it is only commonly seen in Singapore at a height of 15 to 25 feet.

Landscaping features:

Landscape Uses: Roadside Tree / Palm

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific Name: Livistona chinensis
Family Name: Arecaceae (Palmae)

Common Name: Chinese Fan Palm, Fountain Palm, Serdang, Chinese Fountain Palm
Note :

Classifications and characteristics:

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

Description and ethnobotany:

Others - Plant Morphology : The leaves of this palm are deeply divided into about 75 segments that droop downward that portrays an effect of a fountain. These leaves grow to form a dense canopy on a brown trunk. This palm is slowly growing to a height of 30 feet. This Livistona can grow to 50 feet in its native habitat. But it is only commonly seen in Singapore at a height of 15 to 25 feet.

Landscaping features:

Landscape Uses: Roadside Tree / Palm

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific Name : Licuala spinosa

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Form

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Waterlogged Soils

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Coastal, Beachfront / Shoreline, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific Name: Cocos nucifera L.
Family Name: Arecaceae (Palmae)

Common Name: Coconut
Note :

Classifications and characteristics

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 30 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 6 m

Landscaping features

Landscape Uses : Coastal, Roadside Tree / Palm, Beachfront / Shoreline

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific Name: Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake
Family Name: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Note :

Classifications and characteristics

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Tree (Big (>30m), Medium (16m-30m))

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Tiered, Open

Maximum Height : 12 m to 35 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 5 m

Landscaping features

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, General, Coastal

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific Name : Ptychosperma macarthurii

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 6 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

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Scientific Name : Licuala grandis

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)

Synonyms : Pritchardia grandis

Common Name : Grosse Licuala Palm, Vanuatu Fan Palm, Ruffled Fan Palm, Palas Kipas, Palas, Palas Payung
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division :           Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Foliage : It has very distinctive pleated, circular and undivided leaves with notched tips.

Flowers : Bisexual(male and female on the same flower) inflorescent emerges from among the leaves.

Fruits : The green fruits turn red when ripe. rounded and marble-like. Bears single seed inside.

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Roadside Tree / Palm, Container Planting

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Scientific Name : Wodyetia bifurcata

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 15 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

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Scientific name: Areca catechu

Family name: Arecaceae (Palmae)

Synonym: Areca himalayna, Acanthophoenix areca, Areca nigra, Areca hortensis, Areca faufel
Common name : Areca, Betel-nut Palm, Pinang, Betel Palm, Areca-nut, Pinang Siri
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division :  Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form:  Palm (Solitary Palm)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 20 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width :  3 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

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Scientific Name : Rhapis Excelsa

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 5 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscape Uses : Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant

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Scientific Name : Veitchia merrillii

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Fountain (Palm-like)

Maximum Height : 5 m to 15 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 3.5 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Fruits

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Poor Infertile Soils, Alkaline high pH Soils

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Coastal, Beachfront / Shoreline

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Scientific Name : Wodyetia bifurcata

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 15 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

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Scientific Name : Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm, Cluster Palm)

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 1 m to 3 m

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Scientific Name : Licuala grandis

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)

Synonyms : Pritchardia grandis

Common Name : Grosse Licuala Palm, Vanuatu Fan Palm, Ruffled Fan Palm, Palas Kipas, Palas, Palas Payung
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division :           Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Foliage : It has very distinctive pleated, circular and undivided leaves with notched tips.

Flowers : Bisexual(male and female on the same flower) inflorescent emerges from among the leaves.

Fruits : The green fruits turn red when ripe. rounded and marble-like. Bears single seed inside.

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Roadside Tree / Palm, Container Planting

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Scientific name: Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn.
Family name: Strelitziaceae Common name: Traveller's Palm, Traveller's Tree, Pokok Travelers, Pisang Kipas
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition: Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 9 m to 18 m

Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 4.5 m to 5.5 m

Tree or Palm – Trunk Diameter : 0 to 0

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Seeds

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Container Planting, Roadside Tree / Palm, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, General, Focal Plant

Plant & Rootzone Preference or Tolerance Remarks : Sandy soil, Clayey soil

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Scientific name: Roystonea oleracea
Family name: Arecaceae (Palmae)
Synonyms : caribaea, Kentia oleraceae, Acanthophoenix oleracea, Gorgasia maxima, Oreodoxa charibaea, Roystonea venezuelana
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height: 40 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

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Scientific Name: Bismarckia nobilis
Note :

Characteristic:

Bismarckia nobilis grows from solitary trunks, gray to tan in color, which show ringed indentations from old leaf bases.

Trunks are 30 to 45 cm in diameter, slightly bulging at the base, and free of leaf bases in all but its youngest parts.

In their natural habitat they can reach above 25 meters in height but usually get no taller than 12 m in cultivation.

The nearly rounded leaves  are enormous in maturity, over 3 m wide, and are divided to a third its length into 20 or more stiff, once-folded segments, themselves split on the ends.

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Scientific Name: Portulaca pilosa 'Mini'
Family Name: Portulacaceae

Common Name: Mini Japanese Rose, Moss Rose, Mexican Rose, Sunplant

Note :

Classifications and characteristics

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Creeper, Herbaceous), Herbaceous Plant

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Compact

Maximum Height : 2 cm

Landscaping features

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Easy to Grow, Dry Soils / Drought, Well-Drained: Soils, Shallow Media (8 -10cm)

Landscape Uses : Skyrise / Balcony, Container Planting, Green Roof

Thematic Landscaping : Rockery / Desert Garden

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Scientific Name :

Elaeis guineensis

Family Name : Arecaceae (Palmae)
Common Name : Oil Palm, Macaw Fat, African Oil Palm, Kelapa Sawit, Kelapa Bali, Obe Palm, Wild Oil Palm
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

PLANT CARE AND PROPAGATION

Light Preference : Full Sun

Water Preference : Moderate Water

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Scientific Name :

Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack

Family Name :  Lythraceae
Synonyms :  Lagerstroemia turbinata
Note :

CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m), Small (6m-15m))

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Maximum Height : 8 m to 35 m

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Growth Form : Small to medium-sized tree, with dense bushy, oval to conical-rounded crown, usually 5 - 18m height in cultivation, but may reach up to 35m in native habitat.

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Trunk

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, General

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Scientific Name :

Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F.Muell.) Benth

Common Name :  Golden Myrtle, Black Pend

Note :
Family Name : Myrtaceae
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m), Small (6m-15m))

Lifespan : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Oval

Maximum Height : 8 m to 40 m

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Hedge / Screening

Thematic Landscaping : Golden Garden

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Scientific Name :

Eusideroxylon zwageri

Common Name : Borneo Ironwood, Billian, Ironwood, Ulin, Belian

Note :
Family Name :  Lauracea
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Growth Form : Tree

PLANT CARE AND PROPAGATION

Light Preference : Full Sun

Water Preference : Moderate Water

FOLIAR

Mature Foliage Colour(s) : Green, Red

Leaf Area Index (LAI) for Green Plot Ratio : 3.0 (Tree - Intermediate Canopy)

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Scientific Name :

Lophanthera lactescens

Note :
Family Name :  Malpighiacea
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m))

Lifespan  : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

Plant Shape : Broad / Mushroom / Hemispherical, Open

Maximum Height : 20 m

DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY

Others - Plant Morphology : Tree, up to 20m height. Leaves, mid-green, whorled. Flowers, yellow, small, up to 300 individual flowers in inflorescence, provide nectar for bees. Inflorescence showy, in pendulous chain, lasts several weeks on plant as flowers open from base upwards. Fruits small, mature to pale grey, containing single brown-black seed.Heartwood yellowish, resistant to insect attack. Bark has milky white sap.

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers

Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm

Thematic Landscaping : Golden Garden, Naturalistic Garden

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Scientific Name :

Shorea macrophylla

Family Name: : Dipterocarpaceae

Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)

Plant Growth Form : Tree

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

BIOGEOGRAPHY

Native Habitat : Terrestrial

Preferred Climate Zone : Tropical

PLANT CARE AND PROPAGATION

Light Preference : Full Sun

Water Preference : Moderate Water

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Scientific Name : Hopea odorata Roxb.
Family Name : Dipterocarpaceae
Common Name : Chengal Pasir, Merawan Siput Jantan, Chengal Kampong, Cengal Pasir, Cengal Pulau, Telshur, Takhian-yai, Ironwood
Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Tree (Big (>30m))

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Fruits, Fragrant

Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils

Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Riverine, Pond / Lake / River, Shade Providing Tree / Palm

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Scientific name: plumeria ‘Cerise’
Family name: Apocynaceae
Common name: Frangipani, Champa, Egg Flower

Note :
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)

Plant Growth Form : Tree (Small (6m-15m))

Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

LANDSCAPING FEATURES

Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant (Flowers)

Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soil

Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Skyrise / Balcony, Container Planting

Thematic Landscaping : Fragrant / Aromatherapy Garden