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Recognized Ticuna Territory along Solimões River in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, 2016.

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Anth - TIc - Map of Rec. Indigenious Land 

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- largest indigenous tribe located in the Amazonian jungle today; the northern side of the Amazon-Sohmoes River
- geographic location in history, disease from the colonizers, war, endogamy practice kept the tribes contained
- Wars and epidemics in the early 19th century had contributed to the decrease of neighboring tribes which paved the way for the Ticuna expansion; later, it was industry and wars that caused the decline of the population

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In the past: Generally naked except a g-string and a collar of jaguar or monkey teeth.
They wore armlets of brightly coloured feathers, face paint, and masks for rituals and celebrations

Now a days: The clan has grown immensely, some people wear the traditional outfits, but the younger generations tend to wear more modern clothing

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Fish with manioc flour

-fish boiled, barbecued on the fire

-broth later drank by many

-banana's, boiled into thick-gruel like juice

-howler monkeys

-acai, pineapple

-fishing=most important element of daily life and activity (Soares)

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The Ticuna People's shelter consist of huts that are placed on stilts. This guards them from flooding that occurs when the river rises over its banks
The huts are generally plastered with mud on the inside, that acts as insolation and keeps them cool during the hot days.

Their traditional habitation, the maloca, occupied by members of the same clan, was still in use when Curt Nimuendajú visited the upper Solimões for the first time.

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Ticuna people in Amazonas, Brazil, ca. 1865

“Ticuna.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 June 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticuna.

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Social Organization
Moiety: Ticuna is divided into two unnamed moieties; birds and plants

Clan: Each moiety is composed of clans; each clan is also composed of subclans

→ individuals are named after their membership in the social units (ie. subclan-clan-moiety)

Marriage / Kinship
Exogamy (moiety): a person can only marry with a member of the other moiety

Patrilineal (clan): clan belonging is transmitted from father to son
Polygyny → monogamy (nuclear family)
Cross-cousin marriage → marriage between same generation

Political Leaders
Traditional chiefs & counselors: = heads of large families; magical powers, intelligence and ability to deal with strangers
↓
Captains: = figureheads; spokesmen to the official authorities (government)

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-Influence from Portuguese and Spanish missionaries. (Every Culture)
-Upper world and lower world, heaven and hell. (Nimuendaju, 110-118)
-Shamans, curers, and witchcraft (Nimuendaju, 100-107)
-Puberty ritual known as "pelazon" undertaken by girls who have come of age. (Pantone) (Every Culture)
-Wish to disseminate their magical or "maguta" thinking into the world using modern technology as an aid (Wilson, 30)

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Indigenous Tribe in Amazon Rainforest Holds Coming of Age Ceremony for Girls

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1. 17th century- Cristobal de Acuña who wrote "Novo Descobrimento do Rio Amazonas" about the Ticuna tribe during his mission
2. Curt Nimuendajú, the German-Brazilian anthropologist who was a specialist in the Brazilian indigenous peoples. He spent many years there and eventually wrote an ethnology called "The Handbook of South American Indians"

"They avoided the banks of the Amazon-SoHmoes, fearing the Omagua, their traditional enemies of the islands. When the latter disappeared, the Tucuna spread out over the islands and shores of the Solimoes as far as the Auati-Parana River (long. 66°30' W.)."

Google- interactive map to follow the path of the migration and expansion of the Ticuna; get a better idea of their evolution, their survival, and integration with the Portugese and Spanish that make-up what is Brazil today

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- Brazil has history of Indigenous assimilation policies (Moore and Lemos, 444-447)
- Creation of Maguta Museum in 1991 in the town of Benjamin Constant (Lopes, 183-185)
- Helped preserve cultural values & traditions by educating young Ticuna people of their culture (Lopes, 183)
- Museum faced much opposition from Non-Indigenous Brazilians involved in local industry (Lopes, 183)
- 90% of Ticuna land demarcation completed in 1993 (Lopes, 186)
- Concern for sustainable future of Amazon rainforest (Divino and McAleer, 1412-1413), (Moore and Lemos, 445)

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Brazil, 2016

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CCTV Video News Agency. Indigenous Tribe in Amazon Rainforest Holds Coming of Age Ceremony for Girls. Youtube, Aug 26, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUa2ZW_69yY. Accessed on July 22, 2019.

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