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Da Rosa, J. (1983). Economics, Politics, and Hydroelectric Power: The Parana River Basin. Latin American Research Review, 18(3), 77-107. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2503020

B. (2013). Energy in South America. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from http://www.mme.gov.br/documents/10584/3642004/04 - Energy in South America (PDF)/a8296ff1-824c-4382-9d12-5498b1eb5409;jsessionid=A1F393D6EB3B6AEF7C774CCA0DBFC8F0.srv155

Diode. (2012, May 7). Buenos Aires y Río de La Plata desde el aire[Photograph found in Buenos Aires]. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buenos_Aires_y_Río_de_La_Plata_desde_el_aire.jpg (Originally photographed 2912, May 7)

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

Barlow, M. (2014). Blue future: Protecting water for people and the planet forever. New York: The New Press.

Biossel, P. (2017, October 10). Potamotrygon motoro[Photograph found in Ocellate river]. Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/24580998@N08/24158376368 (Originally photographed 2017, October 9)

Foged, M. (2018, February 21). The other 6 :). Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.monsterfishkeepers.com/forums/threads/astronotus-crassipinnis.699617/page-2 (Originally photographed 2018, February 21)

Luciopimelodus pati summary page. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.fishbase.se/summary/12117

Museum, P. (2012, November 05). Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jURBDS3v3dw

Nico, L. (2016, February 10). Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=673

M. (2011, April 22). Pollution along the Rio de la Plata[Photograph found in Buenos Aires]. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from http://michelle-argentina2009.blogspot.com/2011/04/river-pollution.html (Originally photographed 2011, April 22)

K. (2010, October 6). Riodelaplatabasinmap. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riodelaplatabasinmap.png

Sea, H. A. (2018, January 07). Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3l9HpKogQg

Speigel, J. (n.d.). Potamotrygon motoro (Black river stingray). Retrieved from https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Potamotrygon_motoro/

Water, B. (n.d.). Luciopimelodus pati[Photograph found in Pimelodidae]. Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/image.php?species=luciopimelodus_pati&image_id=3194

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A photo of a beach on the Rio De La Plata covered in plastic showing unpresidented amounts of pollution.

M. (2011, April 22). Pollution along the Rio de la Plata[Photograph found in Buenos Aires]. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from http://michelle-argentina2009.blogspot.com/2011/04/river-pollution.html (Originally photographed 2011, April 22)

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This is aerial photo of Buenos Aires and the Rio De La Plate where most of the water is released into the ocean. The water at this point has very high turbidity and is completely opaque.

Diode. (2012, May 7). Buenos Aires y Río de La Plata desde el aire[Photograph found in Buenos Aires]. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buenos_Aires_y_Río_de_La_Plata_desde_el_aire.jpg (Originally photographed 2912, May 7)

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Also know as the Wolf Fish is a uncommonly kept fish in the aquarist hobby and native to the Parana river watershed. This fish can reach up to 50 Cm large and is a ferocious predator. This species was once spotted and documented in Florida as a noninvasive species in 1974.

Nico, L. (2016, February 10). Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=673

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This fish native to the Parana river watershed can reach up to 103 cm and is near the top of the food chain. Their large size makes them a great resource to harvest for food. They enjoy ecosystems with deep water with high turbidity.

Luciopimelodus pati summary page. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.fishbase.se/summary/12117

Water, B. (n.d.). Luciopimelodus pati[Photograph found in Pimelodidae]. Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/image.php?species=luciopimelodus_pati&image_id=3194

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This south american cichlid or common name Fat Oscar is native to the the Parana river watershed. The fish are able to reach up to 10 inches long and are most likely harvested for food.

Foged, M. (2018, February 21). The other 6 :). Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.monsterfishkeepers.com/forums/threads/astronotus-crassipinnis.699617/page-2 (Originally photographed 2018, February 21)

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The Potamotrygon Motoro or the Black River stingray is endemic to the Rio De La Plata and other areas of the Parana River watershed. They can reach up to a meter in diameter and weigh as much as 15 kg.  Humans as well as caiman consume them and have no other natural predators.

Biossel, P. (2017, October 10). Potamotrygon motoro[Photograph found in Ocellate river]. Retrieved July 21, 2019, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/24580998@N08/24158376368 (Originally photographed 2017, October 9)

Speigel, J. (n.d.). Potamotrygon motoro (Black river stingray). Retrieved from https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Potamotrygon_motoro/

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This video shows the Parana river how it looks about a year ago. the video also includes information on the Parana rviver watershed.

Sea, H. A. (2018, January 07). Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3l9HpKogQg

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[Sailing Through] The Parana River, South America

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This Penn Museum show how the the river looked 83 years ago.  Before any dams would have slowed and blocked the river altering the enviroment and changing the ecosystems.

Museum, P. (2012, November 05). Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jURBDS3v3dw

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This is the Parana Rver watershed drainage showing how the Rio De La Plata discharges most of the water that enters the watershed.

K. (2010, October 6). Riodelaplatabasinmap. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riodelaplatabasinmap.png

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The total volume of water the watershed outputs per second is 776,900 cubic feet. This makes it one of the worlds largest water drainage basins behind such rivers as the amazon and the congo.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

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The countries managing the watershed have worked together to reduce the amount of fossil fuels burned by working together to create damns. This shows a great amount of cooperation between the five countries which can be hard to achieve. The building of the dams marked a important point in those counties history.

Da Rosa, J. (1983). Economics, Politics, and Hydroelectric Power: The Parana River Basin. Latin American Research Review, 18(3), 77-107. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2503020

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With the daming of the Parana irrigation for farming and ranching was more capible though most still rely on the river in rural towns. Which could lead to the overharvesting of fish and the extinction of species.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

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The most citizens in the watershed have access to power at the flip of a switch though some do not. Since most people live in the cities of Buenos Aires and MonteVideo they have no trouble with power. The people who live in rural areas though do have trouble getting power.

B. (2013). Energy in South America. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from http://www.mme.gov.br/documents/10584/3642004/04 - Energy in South America (PDF)/a8296ff1-824c-4382-9d12-5498b1eb5409;jsessionid=A1F393D6EB3B6AEF7C774CCA0DBFC8F0.srv155

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The majority of the energy produced in the Parana River watershed is through fossil fuels due to their high reserves. Argentina had the worst percent of renewable energy in 2013 being only 9% renewable. The rest of the countries have much higher percentages Bolivia being 22%, Brazil and Uruguay having 41% and Paraguay being 65% renewable energy.

B. (2013). Energy in South America. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from http://www.mme.gov.br/documents/10584/3642004/04 - Energy in South America (PDF)/a8296ff1-824c-4382-9d12-5498b1eb5409;jsessionid=A1F393D6EB3B6AEF7C774CCA0DBFC8F0.srv155

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Climate change that is being produced from this watershed is from the large amounts of fossil fuels that the countries burn. This releases CO2 into the atmosphere contributing to green house gas emissions and creating acids rain to shower into the river.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

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Do to the flooding casued by the installation of the damns on the and the flooding of 100,000 hectacters ecosystems have vastly changed. Forests have turned into swamps towns have been relocated creating underwater ghost towns. through the daming of the Parana river every ecosystem had been changed.

Barlow, M. (2014). Blue future: Protecting water for people and the planet forever. New York: The New Press.

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The Parana River watershed has had its fair share of politacal unrest through dictators like in 1940 in paraguay. Though through cooperations in 1980 produced two hydroelectric plants. Paraquay, Brazil and Argentina worked together to creat two dams at Itaipu and Yacyretá

Da Rosa, J. (1983). Economics, Politics, and Hydroelectric Power: The Parana River Basin. Latin American Research Review, 18(3), 77-107. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2503020

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The land in the Parana river watershed is used in a varity of different ways that people depend of to live their. Land is used for agricultural purposes to supply food. land is used to create energy through dams, oil and natural gas mines. Forests are also havested for lumber to export for economic purposes.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

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The water in the Parana River watershed is used for multiple different ways to suupport the area ecologically, trasportationally and for food. Fish are harvested for consumption and for sale in rural communities. Due to the lack of roads between towns most people use the rivers for transporation as well.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

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The parana River watershed supports over 3 million people with most people living in Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The rest of the population lives in rural towns along the rivers and tributaries. With over 90% of the population the infrastructure to the towns besides by water is very sparse.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

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With the daming of the parana river flooded over 100,000 hectacters of land this has released large amounts of contaments into the water through erotion of soils. Releasing massive amounts of nutrients into the waters that had been trapped in dirt as well as possibly releasing heavy metals into the water.

Barlow, M. (2014). Blue future: Protecting water for people and the planet forever. New York: The New Press.

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The area receives about 80 inches a year with other areas receiving more then others. Deserts in Argentina for instance receive much less rain then Rainforests in Bolivia. With the possibilities of recieving less rainfall each year tributaries may begin to dry up.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people

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The Parana River watershed is about 2,000,000 square miles and covers five different clountries. The conties as shown in the map of the watershed are Argentina, Uraguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. This watershed is roughly the size of Kazakhstan the fourth largest country in Asia.

Stewart, N. R., Oteiza, D., Denevan, W. M., & Oliverira, W. F. (2014, October 10). Río de la Plata. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-de-la-Plata/The-people