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7) Regarding the social effects of language, promoting an English monolingual policy in the EU would leave behind 60 % of the European population, with high disparities among countries. In countries such as Hungary, Spain, Portugal and Bulgaria less than 20 % of the population is able to speak English compared to 80 % in the Netherlands.

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hindering the access to cross-border public services, (4) limiting citizens’ engagement and participation in the political process, and (5) creating fragmented markets for cross-border trade and e-commerce, particularly for SMEs.

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The EU is home to over 60 indigenous regional or minority languages, spoken by some 40 million people. They include Basque, Catalan, Frisian, Saami, Welsh and Yiddish, most of which are not official except Catalan. This shows us that there are more unofficial languages than the official languages even though they are used less often.

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The migratory flow to the Europe is expected to stay at 1.5 million people/year until 2036.

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3.8 million refugees and immigrants arrived in the EU in 2014.

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Some countries have really low percentages of english knowledge. Spain (12%), Hungary (14%) and Slovakia (14%). On average in 2012, 38% of citizens of the European Union (excluding the United Kingdom and Ireland) stated that they have sufficient knowledge of English.

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There are some unproggressive thoughts about learning languages causes people to lose their national identity.This rather primitive thought dangers the structure of multilingualistic Europe which is one of the ideals of a well integrated EU.

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In SST, either statistical machine translation or the newly popular neural machine translation is used.

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Some cities in Europe have a higher rate of talking an unofficial language or dialect in their daily life rather than talking the countries official language

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In some parts of EU such as France,the inhabitants refuses to speak English even if they know it fluently.Their expectancy of everyone should know their native language causes miscommunication within the people of EU

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In the new global environment, language became a strong barrier against mobility between EU countries. Living in a country without properly speaking the official language imposes a burden over the migrants who are unable to find job or successfully access basic public services such as education and health services.

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6) In fact, in the EU, there are about 12 million citizens (2.42 %) who are unable to speak, to a decent level, the official language of the country they live in.

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The most important barriers to learning a foreign language mentioned by the respondents are: lack of moti- vation (34% of responses), lack of time (28%) and cost (25%).

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The EU is home to over 60 indigenous regional or minority languages, spoken by some 40 million people. They include Basque, Catalan, Frisian, Saami, Welsh and Yiddish.

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Taking into account 24 official languages in the EU, the translation and interpretation services of the EU institutions must be able to manage 552 language combination

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Human Language Technologies:
● Semantic Technologies, based on text analytics and information extraction technologies, making it faster and easier to process and search (big) data;
● Speech Technologies, allowing a natural interaction based on conversation between people
and machines;
● Machine Translation, the ultimate language technology; able to crack the language barrier.

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4) Finally, more than 4 in 10 (44%) Internet users in the EU thought they missed interesting information because websites were not available in a language they understood. In Romania, Bulgaria, Portugal, Cyprus, Spain and Greece, a majority of respondents agreed with this statement (between 51%-60%).

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3) In contrast, there were eight EU Member States in 2016 where less than 10.0 % of the population reported that they knew no foreign languages. (Latvia, Switzerland, Lithuania, Denmark…)

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2) In 2016, more than half of the adult working-age populations of Bulgaria (50.5 %), Hungary (57.6 %), Romania (64.2 %) and the United Kingdom (65.4 %) reported that they did not know any foreign language.

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Some of the bigger job prospects available for translators are in Chinese, German, Russian, Portuguese, and Spanish, which are among the more important languages for businesses in the global market. While one might think that translation apps threaten the jobs of translators, they are in fact creating new opportunities.

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Too many Europeans still leave school without a working knowledge of a second language - reason enough to make language teaching and learning more efficient.

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For Europe, multilingualism is of the most importance, with more than 20 languages spoken in the 25 EU member states. Besides the economical dimension, which makes multilingualism a pure necessity, there are also political, cultural and societal dimensions.

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One of the reasons that could partially explain why language barriers are so important for EU mobility is the lack of public services in the destination country provided in the language of the EU migrant.

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1) The five most widely spoken foreign languages remain English (38%), French (12%), German (11%), Spanish (7%) and Russian (5%).

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Encouraging policies based on a few languages, besides being unfair to speakers of smaller and minority languages, would create a profound digital barrier, leaving behind less educated and older populations.

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FSI research indicates that it takes 480 hours to reach basic fluency in group 1 languages, and 720 hours for group 2-4 languages. If we are able to put in 10 hours a day to learn a language, then basic fluency in the easy languagesshould take 48 days, and for difficult languages 72 days.

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Onur Cansın Battal
The lack of language choices within the e-commercial websites dangers the unity of
European Digital Single Market.The people are not tended to buy things they do not understand what they are.

7) Regarding the social effects of language, promoting an English monolingual policy in the EU would leave behind 60 % of the European population, with high disparities among countries. In countries such as Hungary, Spain, Portugal and Bulgaria less than 20 % of the population is able to speak English compared to 80 % in the Netherlands.

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Onur Cansın Battal
The programs which are supported by EU such as Erasmus has a huge contribution on
establishing European Identity.
Erasmus+ is the EU programme for education, training, youth and sport for 2014-2020. The promotion of language learning and linguistic diversity is one of the programme’s specific objectives.

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Accounts obtained by the Daily Telegraph show the parliament's in-house translation unit is set to exceed its annual €8.2m (£7.5m) budget by €3.4m (£3.1m) this year. As part of its commitment to multilingualism, all major reports and official documents must be translated into each of the EU's 24 official languages. Private translators charge an average of €21.91 (£20.27) per page. Irish is the most expensive language to translate, costing up to €42 (£39) a page.

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Despite recent advancements in artificial intelligence, machine translation software still needs to be overseen by professional human translators. This can ensure that the correct dialect, grammar, and translations have been used when interpreting voice notes and texts.

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Nehir Sener
8-) The existing capacity of interactive dialogue systems and smart personal assistants such as Apple Siri, Amazon Echo, and Google Home is not enough to satisfy current and future needs with regard to translation. Google Translate translates the same volume per day as all human translators on the planet translates in one year and is used by more than 200 million people every month. In the last 10 years, Google. translate has grown from supporting just a few languages to 103. Google Translate is now used by over 500 million people with 100 billion words translated daily

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In accordance with the EU population, the most widely spoken mother tongue is German (16%), followed by Italianand English (13% each), French (12%), then Spanish and Polish (8% each). For the majority of Europeans their mother tongue is one of the official languages of the country in which they reside.

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Onur Cansın Battal
The most spoken language in EU is English with Q which means English is not
enough to communicate with the whole EU citizens.

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In a multilingual Europe, language barriers are expected to have profound and intertwined social and economic consequences such as: (1) fostering a language divide, (2) hampering workers’ mobility, (3)
hindering the access to cross-border public services, (4) limiting citizens’ engagement and participation in the political process, and (5) creating fragmented markets for cross-border trade and e-commerce, particularly for SMEs.

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In 2018, the European Parliament’s Committee on Culture and Education has worked on an own-initiative report entitled ‘Language equality in the digital age – towards a Human Language project’, based on a  with the same title drawn up at the request of the Parliament’s Science and Technology Options Assessment Panel.

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According to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, regional or minority languages
are languages that differ from the official language(s) of the state. These languages are traditionally used within a given territory of a state by nationals who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the state's population. Therefore, by definition, they are in opposition to official languages. Although it is true that, in general, minority languages are at a disadvantage in terms of diffusion and support compared to official languages, it is preferable to refer to them as smaller languages (i.e. languages with fewer speakers) or, more directly, under-resourced languages.

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7-)Each year the European Parliament spends 300 million, or 30% of their budget, on the translation of all parliamentary debates and EU documents into the 20 official European languages.
The global figure for the whole linguistic service for the European Union is € 1.1 billion a year or about 1% of the whole EU budget. That includes the interpretation and translation, and it includes not only the Commission but all the other institutions like the European Parliament. It sounds like a lot but all in all it is € 2.55 per citizen.

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On 7 February 2018, the European Parliament approved a resolution on protection and non-discrimination with regard to minorities in the EU Member States (). This resolution encourages the Member States to ensure that the right to use a minority language is upheld and to protect linguistic diversity within the Union. It advocates for respect of linguistic rights in communities where there is more than one official language, and calls on the Commission to strengthen the promotion of the teaching and use of regional and minority languages.

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6-)The European Commission predicts that the transition to the integrated DSM will deliver up to €400 billion in economic growth by 2020. Measures like eliminating roaming charges, improving legislation (especially copyright and data protection), and making cross-border payments easier are all important and necessary preconditions.

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Human Language Technologies are found behind many everyday digital products, since most of them
use language to some extent. Mobile communications, social media, intelligent assistants, and speech- based interfaces are transforming the way citizens, companies and public administrations interact in the
digital world. HLT are critical pieces of technology to aid in this digital revolution.

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46.8% of adverse events in patients with lack of knowledge of English, suffered from temporary to moderate damages and even death.

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Many Europeans find it difficult to interact with online services and participate in the digitaleconomy. According to a recent study, 57% of internet users in Europe purchase goods andservices in languages that are not their native language. 55% of users read content in a foreignlanguage while only 35% use another language to write e-mails or post comments on the web

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Adverse events in patients with lack of knowledge of English were more due to communication errors (52.4%) than in the English-speaking patients (35.9%).

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With the increased number of EU members and the general trend towards timely trans-borderinteraction, everyday communication between Europe’s citizens, within business and amongpoliticians is more and more becoming confronted with language barriers.

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The EP translated 673,000 pages during the first half of 2007 (165,000 of them externally).

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The EU supports two centres for research on languages, the European Centre for Modern Languages (ECML) and the European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning (Mercator). The ECML encourages excellence and innovation in language teaching and helps Europeans learn languages more efficiently. The ECML’s main aims are to help Member States implement effective language teaching policies by focusing on the learning and teaching of languages, promoting dialogue and exchange of best practices, and supporting programme-related networks and research projects. Mercator is part of a network of five research and documentation centres and is specialised in regional and minority languages within the European Union.

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European market for translation, interpretation and localisation was estimated to be 5.7 billionEuros in 2008.

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Onur Cansın Battal
Attempts on creating an international human language could be considered as a long
shot due to the example of the Esperanto language which could only be spread to
about 2 million people in more than 130 years.

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Encouraged by the huge success of the European Year of Languages in 2001, the EU and the Council of Europe decided to celebrate the European Day of Languages every year on 26 September, with all sorts of events to promote language learning throughout the EU. This action is designed to raise awareness among citizens of the many languages spoken in Europe and to encourage them to learn languages.

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A 2006 report by the British Council suggests that the number of people learning English is likely to continue to increase over the next 10-15 years, peaking at around 2 billion, after which a decline is predicted.

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In 2005, the Commission published a communication to the European Parliament and the Council on the European Indicator of Language Competence (COM(2005) 0356), an instrument to measure overall language competence in all Member States.

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For maintaining the policy of multilingualism, the EU’s institutions spend about one billion Euros a year on translating texts and interpreting spoken communication.

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EU system on average requires over 2000 translators and 800 interpreters per day.

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It is estimated that up to 80% of the world’s 6,000 or so living languages may die out within the next century.

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For 2006 the cost of translation in all EU institutions is estimated at €800 million, in 2005: the total cost of interpretation was almost €190 million.

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The EU parliament has approximately 2000 interpreters and 675 translators. And spends an estimated annual amount of €1bn on language services.

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The economic boundary conditions concerning human language technologies are different between Europe and the USA. In fact, market conditions for speech recognition and machine translation in the US anEU are directly opposed.

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3-)Both geo-blocking and language-blocking are daily problems for tens of millions of EU citizens.

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Multilingualism expenditure represents over one third of the total expenditure of Parliament.

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2-)Removing barriers to international trade that keep European SMEs from achieving their full economic potential by entering and penetrating markets in other continents beyond our own. Addressing the official and major regional languages of Europe would open access to over 50% of the world’s online potential and 73% of the world online market in economic terms, amounting to an online market of approximately €25 trillion (sic) (in 2013).

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More than 200 experts from all over Europe found that at least 21 of the 30 languages examined are in serious danger of facing digital extinction

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EU currently employs 600 full-time translators and 3,000 freelance
translators. In addition, the EU has 2,000 linguists at its disposal and also uses simultaneous translations extensively at the ECJ.

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MT works stunningly well in repetitive, machine-like translation projects where little cultural context and understanding is needed. So we predict that machines will take over translation jobs only in certain areas.

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Countries that speaks minor languages downgrade the hole EU economy because of online shopping.

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4-)European research in Language Technology is facing increased competition from other continents, especially with regard to recent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence. These scientific breakthroughs have lead to commercial successes in the respective regions, which is why many European scientists including young high potentials, are leaving Europe to continue their research abroad.

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All laws and regulations are translated into all 24 languages. This also affects the
European Economic Agreement (EEA). For instance, 20 percent of Norway’s legal
framework is now derived from EU law.

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While most European countries bilingualism rates are high above 50%, these levels have specifically decreased in East-European countries.

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5-)Scientists from The University of Manchester were part of a European team of researchers who concluded that digital assistance for 21 of the 30 languages investigated is ‘non-existent’ or ‘weak’ at best. While English has the best language technology support amongst all European languages, it can still not be considered as “excellent support”, but rather only “good support”, the University of Manchester
researchers found in the White Paper for English. The researchers claim that 21 out of 30 European languages (such as Lithuanian and Maltese) could become extinct in the digital world due to the lack of technological support.

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The German Federal Employment Agency has announced a 40 million Euro investment
in programmes that will teach German to Europeans between 18 and 35 to learn
German.

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Only 42% who believe there are common European values.

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All EU citizens have a right to address EU institutions in their native language,
including the right to access documents and legal texts.

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Only 3% of the people in the European Union that are of a working age live in a
country that’s different from their native one.

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The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, adopted in 2000 and made legally binding bythe Treaty of Lisbon, prohibits discrimination on grounds of language and places an obligationon the Union to respect linguistic diversity.