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Kate was born St.Louis 1851. She began a writing career and focused largely on her experience in the south. Her personal experiences influenced the women characters in her writing. She published the book based on her story "The Awakening" and many readers said it was worthwhile read. That book was considered scandalous because it depicted a woman's struggle for freedom in an unequal society. Chopin's experiences with the self-reliant women in her family inspired her fiercely independent female characters.

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Kate Chopin ( 1851 - 1904 )

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Charles Dickens ( 1812 - 1870 )

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Mark Twain ( 1835-1910)

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Situation irony refers to something happening that is very different to what was expected.
Examples:
The police station gets robbed.
A fire station burns down.
A pilot has a fear of heights.

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There are three basic kinds of situational, verbal, and dramatic irony. Irony is unexpected twist or contrast in an author's work.
Examples:
“Oh no, I couldn’t possibly eat another piece of cake.”
Two people are engaged to be married, but the audience knows that the man is planning to run away with another woman.
The cobbler's children have no shoes.

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"The Story of An Hour" Kate Chopin
This art depicts how some married women felt during the 1890s about married life.

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This painting shows worker's reaction to labor unrest of 1848, which demanded for better working conditions.

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the desperate man by gustave courbet
This artwork represents a desperate man but especially in full youth.

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The concept of naturalism is the type of literature that attempts to apply some principles of objectivity to its study of human being. Realist novels were set in believable, everyday locates in an extreme settings. This concept works exposed the dark harshness of life, racism, diseases,... by using a version of the scientific method. The writers used themes like violence, corruption, prostitution,... for their realist novels.
This movement took place from 1865 to 1900 and originated in France. Related to realism, naturalism was a reaction against romanticism and Victorian literature. During the early 1900s, scientific advances such as Darwin's theories influenced the development of naturalism. When the influence of naturalism spread, it had considerable impact on the cultural landscape of the time period.

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Realism emerged from the idealized art of Romanticism. It arose in opposition to this type which had dominated French literature and art. The movement began as early as the 1830 ́s but reached prominence and held away from the end of the Civil War to around the end of the nineteenth century. The evolution was partly fueled by European war migrants like Hans Morgenthau. Realism influenced the literature by creating complex, relatable characters with realistic observation of society. In addition, it was characterized by the use of very typical and authentic settings, believable characters, and very relatable plotlines. It was mostly an explanation on why people behave the way they do. Realist artists represented the subject matter of everyday life in a naturalist mode.

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In literature, realism is a literary movement that represents reality. It includes life as the ordinary person who experiences it. Most of the time, realist writers have already lived with drama in all the ordinary episodes of everyday life. Another characteristic of realism is the rejection of the idealized, larger than life.
Realism was a new literature that had taken its place by the end of the 1890s. It was flourished between the Civil War and WWI. French novelists started the realism movement such as Emile Zola, Honoré de Balzac,... During that time, realism focused on the harsh realities of life.