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•Launched Dec. 25, 2021: Goal is to give better continual images of exoplanets and galaxies (planets and stars beyond our solar system). It will be able to study the life cycle of starts and galaxies over time

•Unlike the Hubble telescope which has a smaller mirror and fewer cameras, the Webb has a larger mirror and the capacity to switch seamlessly between one camera to another (this is currently being updated).

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SpaceX was planning to send space tourists to the moon by 2022, and to launch a cargo mission to Mars in 2022. They were successful in commercial crew launch. However, they are still working with NASA for a future moon mission.

SpaceX also works on the reusability of their rockets and plans to implement “Earth to Earth Transportation” with spacecrafts. Long distance flights such as New York to Shanghai could be completed in about 30 minutes.

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In addition to the U.S. space agency NASA other companies, such as Boeing and SpaceX, started to develop spacecrafts for space exploration and commercial missions.

SpaceX already tested and launched different rockets into space and completed several missions to resupply the ISS.

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NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) are currently developing the Orion Spacecraft, which is intended to carry astronauts to destinations beyond Earth orbit, such as Mars.

NASA aims for the next manned mission to the moon carried out by the Orion spacecraft in 2023 and hopes to send people to Mars in the 2030s.

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The International Space Station (ISS)was launched into orbit in 1998, the last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and the station is expected to be used until 2028. The ISS provides a platform for astronauts to conduct scientific research in space.

The ISS is operated by the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.

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Mir was a space station operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first continuously inhabited research station in space and orbited Earth from 1986 to 2001.

Mir was also the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. The space station was bigger than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit.

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The first space station was Salyut 1, which was launched into space by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1971. Salyut 1 was constructed and launched in one piece, and then inhabited by a crew later. After the mission it fell into the Pacific Ocean on June 30, 1971.

Skylab was the United States' first and only space station, orbiting Earth from 1973 to 1979, when it fell back to Earth.

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The crew of the Apollo 11 mission consisted of three astronauts that were launched into space in a Saturn V rocket. Neil Armstrong's two crew members were Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.

Buzz Aldrin was the second person to step on the moon, while Michael Collins stayed in the Command Module orbiting around the moon.

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In 1961 President John F. Kennedy set the national goal to “land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth within a decade”.

Only eight years later his goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission in July 20, 1969, when astronaut Neil Armstrong took “a giant step for mankind” as he stepped onto the moon. Five further Apollo missions were made to explore the moon between 1969 and 1972.

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The first human in space was the Soviet Pilot and cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. He was the first person to orbit Earth in his spacecraft Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961. His flight lasted 108 minutes.

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The first animal to orbit Earth was a dog called Laika. Laika was launched into space on board of the Soviet Sputnik 2 spacecraft and died during the flight on November 3, 1957. However, the experiment showed that living passengers could survive being launched into orbit.

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The Space Race started after the Russians launched the first artificial satellite called Sputnik 1into space to orbit Earth. After the launch the U.S. government knew that it had to increase its efforts in space exploration in order to keep up with the Soviet Union.

Sputnik 1 was about the size of a beach ball and it took the satellite 98 days to orbit Earth.

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The Space Race (1957 - 1975)during the Cold War was a competition in the exploration of space between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was during the Space Race that animals and humans were sent into space for the first time. It was also during this time that the first people landed on the moon.