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Courses were taught in both French and Turkish at the university known as Darülfünun (1846), Darülfünun-u Osmanî (1870), Darülfünun-u Sultani (1874), and Darülfünun-u Şahane (1900). Since 1871, the education language of the Tıbb-ı Şahane, which established in 1839, has been French. The education language of the school Mühendishane-i Bahr-i Hümayun, on the other hand, was English since the teachers were English.

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In their dealings with Europe, Ottoman Muslims relied on translators and interpreters from non-Muslim populations, particularly Greek Phanariots until the 1820s and afterwards Armenian Dragomen. However, the loyalty of these Greek and Armenian dragomen could not always be guaranteed. As a result, the Bab- Ali Translation Chamber was established in 1821.
According to the operations of the Bab- Ali Translation Chamber, one of the European languages was taught as a foreign language alongside Arabic and Persian in Ottoman schools established in the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries. We may claim that French teaching was observed in modernizing efforts in education beginning in the nineteenth century. Morphology and syntax of the Arabic, Persian, and French languages were taught in the programs of the "Rüştiye" schools, which started in 1838, and the Mekteb-i Maarif-i Adliye schools, which opened in 1839. The tradition of a second and third foreign language education has been maintained and continued throughout the Ottoman State's classic and modernization periods.

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Lisan mektebi/The Ottoman Foreign Language School (1864)

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Lisan mektebi/The Ottoman Foreign Language School (1864)

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Due to the lack of foreign language education at the Bab- Ali Translation Chamber and the need for the workers to know the foreign language, a language school called Lisan Mektebi was established in 1864. It was studied for four years. It was the first school to provide foreign language instruction. This school's favored foreign language was French. Furthermore, the languages of the nations ruled by the Ottoman Empire, such as Romanian, Greek, and Bulgarian, were taught in this institution. This school closed after a set amount of time and reopened in 1892 by decree of Sultan IInd Abdulhamit. This school taught English, Russian, and German in addition to French.
This Foreign Language School, which had been created and closed multiple times, was finally closed in 1892 by a joint formal communication from Minister of Foreign Affairs Mehmet Sait Pasha and Grand Vizier Cevat Pasha. The rationale for terminating this school was that it did not provide the required yield. It was planned to open another foreign language school under the name Mekteb-i Ali-i Diplomasi. Following that, it was dropped from this new school program.

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Because of several inadequacies in foreign language education, it was determined to create a new school in Istanbul to teach a foreign language at a high level and to meet the needs of the State's civil servants. As a result, in 1868, a school called Galatasaray Sultani was established. This school provided instruction in French. This institution, where French professors also worked, became well recognized throughout Europe for the excellence of its foreign language instruction in a short period of time. Those who graduated from this institution were fluent in French. Following years, Arabic, Persian, Armenian, Latin, Greek, Bulgarian, English, German, and Italian were offered as elective courses in the school curriculum. Galatasaray High School marked a significant milestone in Turkish foreign language instruction. It was the first state school to provide instruction in a foreign language. In this school, Muslim and non-Muslim students were educated together.

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Sultan Abdulaziz established three institutions in 1874: Galatasaray Darülfünun-u Sultani Hukuk Mektebi (Law School), Galatasaray Mühendis Mektebi (School of Engineering), and Galatasaray Edebiyat Mektebi (School of Education) (School of letters). These three schools merged to become the Mekteb-i Aliye-i Sultaniye (Great Imperial School). In terms of administration and instruction, these institutions were essentially modeled after the model faculties of the Sorbonne programs. Galatasaray Law School's academic quality, which is equivalent to that of Western institutions, was a significant step forward in the development of Turkish law faculties.

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Galatasaray Sultani High School marked a significant milestone in the Ottoman State's approach to foreign language education. The establishment of Galatasaray High School in 1868 marks the zenith of Turkey's Francophony.

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Galatasaray Sultani High School marked a significant milestone in the Ottoman State's approach to foreign language education. The establishment of Galatasaray High School in 1868 marks the zenith of Turkey's Francophony.

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• Boyacıoğlu, F. (2015). The historical development of the foreign language education in Ottoman Empire. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 651– 657. https://tinyurl.com/5a4vjcpy