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Why Shakespeare loved iambic pentameter - David T. Freeman and Gregory Taylor

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Shakespeare sometimes gets a bad rap in high schools for his complex plots and antiquated language. But a quick peek into the rhythm of his words reveals a poet deeply rooted in the way people spoke in his time — and still speak today. Why do Shakespeare’s words have such staying power? David T.…

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IMAGERY

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SOUND

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1. Comprehension:

who is narrating the poem

the setting in time and place

what is the poem about

2.  Structure and Style:

how is the poem organised:  kind of poetry, basic structural units, types of stanzas

3. Sound:

metre, types of foot, rhymes

sound devices

4. Tone:

joyful, ironic, bitter...

5. Imagery:

similes, metaphors, symbols...

6. Theme and message

7. Contextualisation:

reference to the poet's background

8. Reader's response:

indicate your personal ideas, feelings and emotions connected to the poem

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Simile: a comparison between two things, made explicit through the use of "like", "as", "resembles".

Functions: to make the meaning vivid and understandable
to introduce an element of surprise

to create an emotional response in the reader

Metaphor: a comparison between two things. The tenor is the subject of metaphor, the vehicle is what the subject is compared to, the common ground is the idea they share

Personification: the characteristics of a living creature are attributed to inanimate object (Zephyrus)

Symbol: it has a literary meaning and stands for something else, such as a quality. Most symbols are shared by the members of the same communities, but others are the individual creation of a poet.

Allegory: a story, a poem, a picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, often moral or political one

Oxymoron: it is the combination of two usually contradictory things. It is used to express extreme feelings

Hyperbole: exaggeration of a quantity, quality, concept

Litote: it is the contrary to hyperbole. It is used the negative of the opposite meaning

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Foot
Definition:

No toes, no shoes, no soles. In literary circles, this term refers to the most basic unit of a poem's meter.

A foot is a combination of stressed and unstressed syllables. There are all kinds of feet in poetry, and they all sound different, so we'll give you a handy list. If you want to be the nerdiest nerd in the nerd herd, you should memorize it:

Iamb: daDUM

Trochee: DUMda

Spondee: DUMDUM

Anapest: dadaDUM

Dactyl: DUMdada

Amphibrach: daDUMda

Pyrrhic: dada

A combination of feet makes up a line of meter. So, for example, the most common meter in English poetry is iambic pentameter, which contains five (that's where that "pent-" comes from) iambs, all in a row.

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Assonance: repetition of the same vowel sound

Alliteration: the repetition of the same initial consonant sound in consecutive words

Repetitions

Onomatopoeia: refers to a word whose sound illustrates its meaning.

Enjambement (run on): a line ends in the middle of a phrase and the meaning break comes in the next line

Rhythm: is a way to heighten the language of poetry.

metre, a regular arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables, it is measured in feet

rhymes, when the last world of more lines has the same ending sound, and the pattern they create is called rhyme scene

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The main kinds of poetry are narrative and epic, dramatic, satiric, and lyric.
Some fixed forms are:

the elegy, which combines natural setting with poetic lamentation

the ballad, used to express basic human emotions like love, hate or fear.

the sonnet, capable of great variety and intensity

the ode, quite long and complex, formed by the theme and situation.

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STRUCTURE AND STYLE

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couplet (two lines)

the tercet (three lines)

the quatrain (four lines)

the sestet (six lines)

the octave (eight lines)

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The structural units of poetry are:

the line

the stanza (a section of a poem which consists of several lines)

the canto or book.

A line of poetry in English is usually from eight to twelve syllables in length and stanzas are from two to twelve lines long.
Three important elements are its sound, its visual layout, and the special way it uses language.

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The first Anglo-Saxon literary works were passed on from generation to generation orally, and poetry was easier to learn by heart.Poetry derives its name from a Greek verb poiêin which means 'to create', it was born as an oral art accompanied by dancing and music.
Oldest uses of poetry:

to express the most unforgettable events in their lives.

to express people's feelings.