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Advanced diagnostics

Total diagnostic evaluation typically takes about three to five days.

The following are some common diagnostic tests:

A review of health history
Physical examination
Laboratory tests (blood, urine, etc.)
Biopsy
Imaging tests (X-ray, PET/CT, MRI, ultrasound, etc.)
Nuclear medicine scans (bone scans, etc.)
Endoscopy
Genetic tests
Diagnostics plays an important role throughout your cancer treatment:

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Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, it is caused by changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide.

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Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) to the DNA within cells. The DNA inside a cell is packaged into a large number of individual genes, each of which contains a set of instructions telling the cell what functions to perform, as well as how to grow and divide. Errors in the instructions can cause the cell to stop its normal function and may allow a cell to become cancerous.

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Talk with your doctor about establishing a plan for quitting tobacco.

Avoid obesity

Reduce consumption of alcohol

Limited processed meat- World health organization concluded that eating large amount of processed meat can slightly increase the risk of certain type of cancer

Eat plenty of food and vegetables- based on your diet

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Dhruv nair, Neeha,  Rizzin, Krisha, Kaavya and Dhruv Laha

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Dhruv nair, Neeha,  Rizzin, Krisha, Kaavya and Dhruv Laha

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What is cancer?
Cancer cells are cells that divide relentlessly, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood with abnormal cells. Cell division is a normal process used by the body for growth and repair. A parent cell divides to form two daughter cells, and these daughter cells are used to build new tissue, or to replace cells that have died because of aging or damage. Healthy cells stop dividing when there is no longer a need for more daughter cells, but cancer cells continue to produce copies. They are also able to spread from one part of the body to another in a process known as metastasis.
Types of cancer
Bladder cancer
Breast cancer
Colorectal cancer
Kidney cancer
Lung cancer
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Oral and Orpharyngeal cancer
Pancreatic cancerb
Prostate cancer
Thyroid cancer
Uterine cancer

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Cancer cells are cells that divide relentlessly, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood with abnormal cells. Cell division is a normal process used by the body for growth and repair. A parent cell divides to form two daughter cells, and these daughter cells are used to build new tissue, or to replace cells that have died because of aging or damage. Healthy cells stop dividing when there is no longer a need for more daughter cells, but cancer cells continue to produce copies. They are also able to spread from one part of the body to another in a process known as metastasis.

Carcinoma, the majority of cancer cells are epithelial in origin, beginning in the membranous tissues that line the surfaces of the body.

Leukaemia, originate in the tissues responsible for producing new blood cells, most commonly in the bone marrow.

Lymphoma and myeloma, derived from cells of the immune system.

Sarcoma, originating in connective tissue, including fat, muscle and bone.

Central nervous system, derived from cells of the body and spinal cord.

Mesothelioma, originating in the mesothelium; the lining of body cavities.Carcinoma Leukaemia

Lymphoma Myeloma SarcomaMesothelioma

MADHUMITHA🐿🐞🌸⚡️❤️

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Signs and symptoms caused by cancer will vary depending on what part of the body is affected.

Some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to, cancer, include:

Fatigue

Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the skin

Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain

Skin changes, such as yellowing, darkening or redness of the skin, sores that won't heal, or changes to existing moles

Changes in bowel or bladder habits

Persistent cough or trouble breathing

Difficulty swallowing

Hoarseness

Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating

Persistent, unexplained muscle or joint pain

Persistent, unexplained fevers or night sweats

Unexplained bleeding or bruising

REYA🐬🕊🍁💐🌈
MADHUMITHA🌸🐿🦋⚡️🐘
MAHEK🦄🌼💃🏻✨🌌

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leukemia(blood cancer)
bladder cancer
breast cancer
skin cancer
lung cancer
uterine cancer
kidney cancer
bone cancer

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Causes of Cancer:The substances that cause cancer are called carcinogens. A carcinogen may be a chemical substance, such as certain molecules in tobacco smoke. The cause of cancer may be environmental agents, viral or genetic factors.

We should bear in mind, though, that in the majority of cancer cases we cannot attribute the disease to a single cause.

We can roughly divide cancer risk factors into the following groups:

1. biological or internal factors, such as age, gender, inherited genetic defects and skin type

2. environmental exposure, for instance to radon and UV radiation, and fine particulate matter

3. occupational risk factors, including carcinogens such as many chemicals, radioactive materials and asbestos

4. lifestyle-related factors.

Lifestyle-related factors that cause cancer include:

tobacco

alcohol

UV radiation in sunlight

some food-related factors, such as nitrites and poly aromatic hydrocarbons generated by barbecuing food).

Lifestyles can prevent cancer

Cancer causing factors related to work and living environments include:

asbestos fibres

tar and pitch

polynuclear hydrocarbons (e.g. benzopyrene)

Some metal compounds

Some plastic chemicals (e.g. Vinyl chloride)

Bacteria and viruses can cause cancer:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, which causes gastritis)

HBV, HCV (hepatitis viruses that cause hepatitis)

HPV (human papilloma virus, papilloma virus, which causes changes eg. Cervical cells)

EBV (Epstein-Barr virus, the herpes virus that causes inflammation of the throat lymphoid)

Radiation can cause cancer:

ionising radiation (e.g. X-ray radiation, soil radon)

non-ionised radiation (the sun’s ultraviolet radiation)

Some drugs may increase the risk of cancer:

certain antineoplastic agents

certain hormones

medicines that cause immune deficiency

In 5 – 10 per cent of breast cancer genetic predisposition plays an important role in the emergence of the disease.

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Gene mutations that occur after birth. Most gene mutations occur after you're born and aren't inherited. A number of forces can cause gene mutations, such as smoking, radiation, viruses, cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens), obesity, hormones, chronic inflammation and a lack of exercise.
Mahek , Reya and madhumitha.👩‍👧‍🦄🦋🐘🐿🐳🐒🐬🐬🌻🌸

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Common Causes of Cancer

Smoking and Tobacco.

Diet and Physical Activity.

Sun and Other Types of Radiation.

Viruses and Other Infection

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Difference between Cancer cell & Normal cell

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Difference between Cancer cell & Normal cell

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—Normal cells listen to signals from neighboring cells and stop growing when they encroach on nearby tissues .Cancer cells ignore these cells and invade nearby tissues.

Christy,Mujtaba,Nakshatra,Thomas