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Urie Bronfenbrenner developed the Ecological Systems Theory, which illustrates the various factors that affect a child, as well as the relationships between the factors. This model involves four systems: the Microsystem, the Mesosystem, the Exosystem, and the Macrosystem.

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Microsystem involves anything that affects a child directly on a day to day basis. Ex. Parent encouraging self help skill building through an authoritative parenting method- including role modeling hygiene.

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Mesosystem is the connections or relationships between the influences in the Microsystem. Ex. Church groups who encourage parents and caregivers to maintain standards of grooming and cleanliness. Teaching bible based council on how to inculcate the proper view of self care into their children. A regular self care routine advances fine motor development such as the pincer grasp in early children.

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Exosystem is the influences that indirectly affect a child. Such as neighborhoods without safe spaces for children and families to participate in recreational play due to high crime or pollution. Sports and/or outdoor play are advantageous for promoting balance, running, skipping and climbing.

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Macrosystem is the overarching factors that affect a child, such as laws, policies, ideologies, and politics. Ex. Parents who neglect to provide dental care for their children must be reported to Child Protective Services.

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Some examples of the way children this age demonstrate their fine motor skills are:

Grasping small objects (blocks, dolls, coloring utensils, etc)

Flipping pages of a book

Painting or drawing

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Children begin to understand the purpose of teeth maintenance as fine motor skills such as pouring, grasping and pinching are developing.

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Many activities a child of this age can be seen doing that involve their gross motor skills are:

Climbing a play structure

Throwing a ball over and under hand

Kicking a ball

Running

Pedaling a bike or tricycle

Dancing

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While self help skills do involve the other domains, there are many skills that involve mostly the physical domain.
These include:

Feeding oneself using hands or utensils

drinking from a cup

brushing their teeth

washing their hands

dressing themselves with help

Indicating when they are hungry, thirsty, or need to toilet

blow own nose