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Location: Along the Andes Mountains in South America

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Location: Along the Andes Mountains in South America

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Their civilization consisted of modern day chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. This location was great for incoming invaders with the mountains acting as a wall and the Pacific Ocean too. The Pacific ocean was great for fish and other seafoods.

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They were located in Mexico and Central america. They were in modern day areas like   Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Tabasco, and Chiapas in Mexico and southward through Guatemala, Belize , El Salvador and Honduras

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Location:                                      Aztec, New Mexico around the lake of  Texcoco

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Location:                                      Aztec, New Mexico around the lake of  Texcoco

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The climate in the area of the Mayans was a very dry and warm climates. With this environment it caused many droughts which was one of the many reasons that the mayans could not survive.

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-Terrace Farming: Because they lived on mountains, the Incas developed a huge staircase like system where pieces of mountains were cut out and made flat

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Khipus: a recording system of statistical information was made. A rope and knots were used to count population, money, etc.
Freeze-Dried Food: developed a technique of preserving meats and vegetables. With the daytime sun and cold evening air they could efficiently keep food for long periods of time.

Picture of the Khipus:

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1410 - 1438 | Viracocha - Before Inca became an emipre.
1438 - 1471 | Pachacuti - his name meant "Earth Shaker" and expanded their empire drastically.
1471 - 1493 | Túpac Inca Yupanqui - son of Pachacuti
1493 - 1525 | Huayna Cápac - last ruler before the Spaniards arrived
(1525 - 1532 |  Huascár and
1525 - 1533 |  Atahualpa) - these two were brothers who rivaled each other. After fighting, Atahualpa murdered his brother. During this chaotic time, the Spaniards betrayed Atahualpa and killed him.

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Some of the achievements of the mayans include:

They Created a calendar

They had a very complex system of astronomy

They figured out how to grow crops in hard areas to farm.

They made rubber tools and items

Mayan achievements video: http://www.history.com/topics/mayan-scientific-achievements/videos

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The Incan empire lasted a short 100 years. Starting all the way back as a small tribe, the Incas grew until they became an empire in 1438. They kept expanding across South America until they were invaded by the conquistadors in 1532. The conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro easily won because at this time the Incas were in a civil war between two of their leaders and had lost a lot because of disease.

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LEADER/Government : Montezuma II (born 1466, died June 30, 1520).  Aztec had one king/emperor who had  been chosen by the council of the nobles and priest. 

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LEADER/Government : Montezuma II (born 1466, died June 30, 1520).  Aztec had one king/emperor who had  been chosen by the council of the nobles and priest. 

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Many of the laws included a punishment of death if you broke the law. The laws were very harsh.
their is only one way you can not get punish is to confess your crime to the priest before any finds out.

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human sacrifice in connection with a large number of religious festivals which were held according to patterns of the Aztec calendar.
According to ancient Aztec religion, it took the gods 5 tries to create the world.
Aztec believed if they were sacrificed to  Huitzilopochtli  they would join battle to fight the darkness

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A student in my CHW3M class used Go Animate to create an animated video to help teach other students in the class about the basics of Aztec religious beliefs and practices.

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The rule of K’inich Janaab’ Pakal the great, or Janaab’ Pakal I,  of the Late-classic city of palengue was one of great  acclaim.

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https://learnodo-newtonic.com/aztec-achievements

Chewing gum - the Aztecs were the first to notice that the sap of the plant or the thick milky liquid of the sapodilla tree could be chewed and quickly hardened into a chewable gum.

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Men could marry more than one wife, but there was usually a primary wife who was in charge of the household. Marriages were arranged by matchmakers.
http://www.ducksters.com/history/aztec_empire/society.php

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The gods represented different parts of nature and they would do rituals and sacrifices to communicate or please the gods. They would do human and animal sacrifices.

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The society was spit into 4 different parts. The First and the most powerful class was the ruler. Then it was the nobles . The next level was the priests. After them was the all the merchants and traders and peasants. The lowest class was the slaves most of the slaves were war prisoners.

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city of Tenochtitlan had an earthquake. Lake Texcoco had flooded the capital city. The Aztecs believed the disasters warned of the fall of their empire.
BETWEEN 1517 and 1519

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There is no official reason for the decline of the Mayan empire but there are many theories. One of the theories is that they used up all the resources in the area that they were in. Another theory is that they had drought conditions so they had no water to support their society. Another theory is that there was a lot of war between the local city states in that area. All of these factors could have played a part in the fall of the Mayans.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/mayan-disappearance-theories-quiz.html

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Tawantinsuyu - form of government. Was a monarchy with a single leader called the Sapa Inca, or ruler of the empire.

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Hernando Cortes arrived on the east coast of Mexico.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Official Language was Quechua - 100's of local types of this language.

Weapons - Slingshots, arrows, and short spears.

Had no form writing. instead had khipus.

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traded everything, and it was an important part of their life. mostly for farming

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The most important crop that they grew was the Maize. They also did grow root crops like squash, Beans, chili peppers, sweet manioc, and types of corn.

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Main belief was that the god Viracocha made all living things including the stars and Earth.
Frequently performed rituals and human sacrifice ( mainly children ).
Pachamama - goddess of Earth
Mama Quilla - godess of the Moon
Inti - most important god

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When Europeans arrived, they called these natives “savages.” Provide support to counter this Eurocentric view.

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When Europeans arrived, they called these natives “savages.” Provide support to counter this Eurocentric view.

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We do not believe that they were savages because they were civilized in locations. They also had a form of government and ways of growing food and a common language that they spoke.

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the main foods they ate were maize, cocoa, beans, grains, potatoes,, mashwa, pepper, tomatoes, peanuts, cashews, squash, cucumber, quinoa, gourd, chirimoya, guayabo, and avocado. The animals they used were primarily llama and alpaca.

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How do countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, Peru celebrate their indigenous peoples past? (You may have to research a bit more for this)

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How do countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, Peru celebrate their indigenous peoples past? (You may have to research a bit more for this)

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to Santa FE Plaza Native American music and dancing from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

The second Monday in October has traditionally been recognized as Christopher Columbus Day.