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DEMOCRITUS  -492 bc

Democritus' theory's key points consisted of that matter consists of invisible particles called atoms. He as well said that Atoms are indestructible. Next, he speaks of how they are solid, but invisible, and that Atoms are Homogenous. In his theory Atoms differ in in size, shape, mass, position, and arrangement. He does not speak of any charges for the atom as he believes they are a sphere specifically round only though he did not originate his theory he was right of the shape. With the mass of an Atom he believed they differed fro atoms. With the location of Subatomic particles he thought that the atom was a sphere with empty space between the atoms, he gave no specifics. He did believe that the atom is exactly the same like every other atom as a piece of corporeal stuff.

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He is an Austrian Physicist, and took the Bohr model to another level. He used mathematical equations to describe the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position. This atomic model is called the Quantum Mechanical Model. It does not define the exact path of an electron but rather predicts the path of an electron. This model can be seen as a electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.  He did not really discuss the charges for the subatomic Particles, just more of the fact he called them orbitals. He like the others believed the mass was differed by the atom. He did say that unlike the Bohr model it didn't say the exact location but predicted the electrons. He believed the nucleus was surrounded by an electron cloud, while protons and neutrons inside the nucleus. Electrons were inside the cloud of the Nucleus.

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Ernest Rutherford was known as the father of nuclear physics. He developed the theory of the structure for the atom. He uses what is called the gold foil experiment observing the scattering of Alpha particles, and demonstrated for the first time the existence of the atomic nucleus. He conducted the tests of a series of events through this experiment that only about one in 8,000 of the 'particles' he fired through the gold foil experiment that he they were deflected. He created the theory says that the atom was a majority of empty space. This made the most sense, since only a few particles his the golden part of the foil project. He conducted later on that the charges of the atom have their own charges concentrated in a very small nucleus. It was positively charged in the nucleus. For mass, he said that me majority was weighted in the electron cloud. For the location of subatomic electrons are far away from the nucleus. Protons inside the nucleus, and the electrons are outside.

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John Dalton had done many years of research for his atomic theory. He believed all matter is made of atoms . Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. He said as well in his key points of his theory: All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. Compounds are formed by merging or two or more kinds of atoms. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement. By today his theory still remains valid, we still know they arte differing in their masses, but he never really spent time on His theory for the location of the subatomic particles. He didn't give a charge he was more like Democritus with his sphere. With his theory it quickly became the theoretical foundation in chemistry. He did realize that during his experiment he could deduce their weights relative to each other, by the examining of reacting weights of macroscopic quantities of the elements. He did had crucial flaws but that did not stop him from Continuing his studies. He was the first to propose a scientific theory of atoms.  We do know from his model that the electrons were outside the nucleus and protons and neutrons were on the inside.

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Thompson suggested a model of the atom as a sphere of positive matter in which electrons are positioned by electrostatic forces. He was making the effort to estimate the # of electrons in an atom from measurements of the scattering light, x, Beta, and gamma rays initiated the research trajectory along with his student Ernest Rutherford who in this case had moved. here his techniques led to the development of the mass spectrograph. He made the Plum Pudding model. He identified the electron and with that discovery of the first subatomic particle. The charges for the particles conclude that the electrons are negative, and the matter around the particles within the electron cloud is positive matter. he then goes on and discusses mass the mass as well like the others differed with the fact of the size shape and nucleus of the atom. With particles, the Subatomic particles, the protons and neutrons are located inside the nucleus. Electrons are located on the rings of the model.

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He is the creator of the Bohr model, which in fact shows the atom as a small , positively charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.  He made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel prize in. He discovers the electron and radioactivity. They key points of his experiment would be that he believed the electrons in atoms orbit the nucleus. The electrons can orbit stably, without radiating, in certain orbits. Electrons can only gain and lose energy by jumping from one allowed orbit to another. For the charges of the model he says that Electrons are negative and protons are positive, and neutrons are neutral. For the mass of the atom it depends on the shape, size, and nucleus of the atom. Locations of the subatomic Particles is that the protons and neutrons are in the nucleus. Electrons like the others are on their specific orbit rings. The significance of the Bohr model is that th elaw of classical mechanics apply to the motion of the electron about the nucleus only when restricted by a quantum rule. Therefore, his atomic theory model is called the Semi classical Model.