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Predicting tides has always been important to people who look to the sea for their livelihood. Commercial and recreational fishermen use their knowledge of the tides and tidal currents to help them improve their catches. Depending on the species and water depth in a particular area, fish may concentrate during ebb or flood tidal currents.
Key Word:
- Coastal Zone: is the interface between the land and water.

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Key terms

Newton’s law: universal gravitation that the gravitational attraction between 2 bodies is directly proportional to their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies

Tidal forces: based on the gravitational attractive force

Summary: Gravity is one of the many major forces that can create tides. One of Newton's laws states that the gravitational attraction between 2 bodies is directly proportional to their masses. Tidal forces are based on the gravitational attractive force.  The effect of distance on tidal forces is seen in the relationship between the sun, the moon, and the Earth’s waters. The sun’s tide-generating force is about half that of the moon.

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What Else Affects Tides?- Jovanna, Seraj

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What Else Affects Tides?- Jovanna, Seraj

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The relative distances and positions of the sun, moon and Earth all affect the size and magnitude of the Earth’s two tidal bulges. At a smaller scale, the magnitude of tides can be strongly influenced by the shape of the shoreline. When oceanic tidal bulges hit wide continental margins, the height of the tides can be magnified.
Key Word:
-Relative: considered in relation or in proportion to something else.

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Key Words
Solar day: The time that it takes for a specific site on the Earth to rotate from an exact point under the sun to the same point under the sun.

Lunar day: the time it takes for a specific site on the Earth to rotate from an exact point under the moon to the same point under the moon

summary

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Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles- Jovanna, Seraj 

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Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles- Jovanna, Seraj 

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Three basic tidal patterns occur along the Earth’s major shorelines. In general, most areas have two high tides and two low tides each day. When the two highs and the two lows are about the same height, the pattern is called a semi-daily or semidiurnal tide. If the high and low tides differ in height, the pattern is called a mixed semidiurnal tide.
Key Words:
- Diurnal Tide: have only one high and one low tide each day.

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Key terms:
-Solar tides- are about half as large as lunar tides
- Spring tides has an additive effect on the lunar tide,creating extra-high,high tides and very low
-tidal forces- The moon is a major influence on earth's tides.
Summary:
Just as the angels of the sun,moon and earth.when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, solar tide partially cancels out the lunar tide and produces moderate tides known as neap tides.

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Changing Angles and Changing Tides- Jovanna, Seraj

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Changing Angles and Changing Tides- Jovanna, Seraj

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The Earth's two tidal bulges are aligned with the positions of the moon and the sun. Over time, the positions of these celestial bodies change relative to the Earth’s equator. The changes in their relative positions have a direct effect on daily tidal heights and tidal current intensity.
Key Word-
-Declination: As the moon revolves around the Earth, its angle increases and decreases in relation to the equator.

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Key Terms:
Lunar Day - day that lasts 50 minutes longer than a solar day where earth is exactly under the moon
Summary:
Tides can occur multiple times a day. How often they occur depends on the day. Low tides normally occur every 24 hours with high tides every 12 hour except on Lunar days.

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Gravity, Inertia, and bulges- Sala and Ahja 

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Gravity, Inertia, and bulges- Sala and Ahja 

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Key terms
Bulge- When gravitational force exceeds it water is pulled toward the moon, causing water on the near side toward the moon

Summary

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Key terms

National Ocean Service: collects, studies and provides access to thousands of historical and real-time observations as well, predictions of water levels, coastal currents and other data.

Summary: There are many animals and people that rely on accurate tidal and current information. They use this information in many ways, one being fishing. When they fish , fishermen will use this information to their advantage to find the best spot for fish. This information can also be used towards research and data for the future. NOAA and other reliable sources provide additional information.

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges- Jovanna, Seraj

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges- Jovanna, Seraj

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The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the moon is strongest on the side of the Earth that happens to be facing the moon, simply because it is closer.  This attraction causes the water on this “near side” of Earth to be pulled toward the moon. As gravitational force acts to draw the water closer to the moon, inertia attempts to keep the water in place.
Key Words:
- Inertia: a tendency to do nothing or to remain unchanged.
- Gravity: the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth.
- Tidal Bulges: created on opposite sides of the Earth due to the moons gravitational force and inertia's counterbalance.

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Gravity is one major force that creates tides. The relationship between the masses of the Earth, moon and sun and their distances to each other play critical roles in affecting tides.
Key Words:
Gravitational Attraction: The force of attraction between all masses in the universe.

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Key term:
- Tides- long period waves that move through the ocean
- Crest-highest part of wave
- trough- lowest part of the waves
- Tidal range- height between the high tide and the low tide
-Flood currents- the incoming tide along the bays and estuaries
- Slack tides- the weakest currents occurs between the flood and ebb currents
Summary:
Tides are one of the most reliable phenomena in the world. Occurring in the mid-ocean they are waves that last for long periods of time. There are multiple types of tides and formations.High tides occur when the crest reaches a certain level,low tide are closer to sea level.

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Key Words
Long-period waves: waves that move through the oceans in response to the forces exerted by the moon and sun

Tidal current: A horizontal movement of water often accompanying the rising and falling of the tide.

Summary
Tides are one of the most reliable phenomena in the world. Tides are long period waves moving through oceans. This is a response to the forces of exerted by the moon and the sun.  They progress towards coastlines and appear as a regular rise and fall of the sea surface. Depending on the location tides height can create high tides.

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What else affects tides- Cadyson and Andrew

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What else affects tides- Cadyson and Andrew

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Key words:
* Magnitude: The number or size or variation that an earthquake can extend to.
* Estuaries: it is a body of water that has an open mouth to the ocean and sea.
Summary:
The parallel distances and the different positions of the moon, sun and all of earths can affect the size and magnitude. The different shapes of bays and estuaries also can magnify or intensify the intensity of waves. The local wind intensity and the different weather patterns can affect the tides. So there are many different patterns and local affects that changes and affects the tidal changes and tides.

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The moon is a major influence on earth's tides. And solar tides are half as large as lunar tides. when the sun and moon are aligned they create very high and low tides.
Key words:  tides: rise and fall of sea levels.
alignment : in a straight line.
apogee : the highest point in a development.

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The Global Conveyor Belt- Jovanna, Seraj

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The Global Conveyor Belt- Jovanna, Seraj

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Thermohaline Circulation: Wind's drive ocean currents in the upper 100 meters of the oceans surface. These deep-ocean currents are driven by differences in the waters density, which is controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline).
Key Words:
- Conveyor Belt: the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system.
The Global Conveyor Belt: Thermohaline circulation drives a global-scale system of currents called the “global conveyor belt.”
Key Word:
- Upwelling: These two sections that split off warm up and become less dense as they travel Northward  toward the equator, so that they rise to the surface.
Effects of Climate Change: Global climate change could disrupt the global conveyor belt, causing potentially drastic temperature changes in Europe and even worldwide.
Key Word:
- Disrupted: Interrupt

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Effects of climate change- Victoria, Sala, Ahja

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Effects of climate change- Victoria, Sala, Ahja

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Key words
Drastic temperature change: A disrupted conveyor belt

Summary
This section is talking about how a disrupted conveyor belt can led to a drastic climate change occurring in Europe and thought out. The factors into a conveyor belt being disrupted include global warming results in increased rainfall in North Atlantic. As well the melting of glaciers & sea ice. Which in turn could block the formation of sea ice and disrupting the sinking of cold, salty water. These can factor into the slowing down or stopping of the Conveyor belt.

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The global conveyor belt- Victoria, Sala, Ahja 

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The global conveyor belt- Victoria, Sala, Ahja 

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Key words
Recharged: water current travels around the edge of Antarctica, where the water cools and sinks again

global conveyor belt: Thermohaline circulation drives a global-scale system of currents

Summary

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key words
Sea Ice: when ocean water in the Earth’s polar region gets very cold
summary
Thermohaline circulation begins in the Earth’s polar region. Sea ice forms when the water  gets very cold. Wind drives ocean currents in the high 100 meters of the ocean surface. Ocean currents flow thousands of meters below the surface. Thermohaline circulation is when deep ocean currents are driven by the difference in the water density.

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The Ekman spiral- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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The Ekman spiral- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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Key words
Ekman spiral: theorized in 1902, is a consequence of the Coriolis effect

Summary
The Ekman spiral is named after a Swedish scientist names Vang Walfrid Ekman. He first theorized the Ekman spiral in 1902, which is a consequence of the Coriolis effect. When surface water is forced by the wind, they change and drag deeper layers of water molecules. Each water molecule is moved by friction from the shallow water. Like the surface water, the deeper the water is deflated by the Coriolis effect.

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Tides and water level Welcome Kyra, Felipe

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Tides and water level Welcome Kyra, Felipe

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Key Terms:
NOAA- the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Maritime Events- weather conditions that deal with the ocean
Summary:
Tides and Water levels vary throughout the world. The events affected by tides and water levels are called maritime events. How big small or dangerous the events are depend on the accuracy of current information and past events.

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Boundary currents- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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Boundary currents- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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Key words
Global winds: drag on the water’s surface, causing it to move and build up in the direction that the wind is blowing

Gyres: winds that occur north and south of the equator. They do not occur at the equator without corlies effect

Summary
Global winds move on the surface water, causing it to move and build up in the direction that the winds blows. When major surface ocean currents move to the right of the Northern Hemisphere it goes in a clockwise spiral. Major spirals of ocean-swirling currents are called gyres. Gyres do not occur at the equator when the Coriolis effect is not there. There are 5 major wide gyres and they are the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean.

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The Importance of Monitoring the Tides and Their Currents-Seth and David

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The Importance of Monitoring the Tides and Their Currents-Seth and David

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Vocabulary

Marine commerce:an  area in which tide and current predictions are critical.

Summary: Predicting tides has always been important to people who look to the sea for their livelihood. Commercial and recreational fishermen use their knowledge of the tides and tidal currents to help them improve their catches.  Scientists are concerned with tides, water levels and tidal currents as well. Ecologists may focus on the tidal mixing of near-shore waters, where pollutants are removed and nutrients are recirculated.

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What Else Effects Tides- Kada & Christina

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What Else Effects Tides- Kada & Christina

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Summary:
The distance and positions between the sun, moon, and Earth all affect the size and magnitude of Earth's two tidal bulges. The shape of bays and estuaries also can magnify the intensity of tides. Local wind and weather patterns also can affect tides.

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Surface ocean currents- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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Surface ocean currents- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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key words
Northern hemisphere: warm air around the equator rises and flows north toward the pole

Southern hemisphere:  winds blow from the southeast toward the northwest and descend near 30 degrees South latitude

Trade winds:  prevailing winds from north and southern hemisphere

summary
In the Northern Hemisphere, warm air that is around the equator rises and head towards the north pole. When air moves away from the equator, the Coriolis effect let it out to the right. In the Southern Hemisphere, winds blow from the southeast in the direction of the northwest and go down near 30 degrees South latitude. Trade winds are known as prevailing winds. The air that doesn’t descend at the 30 degree south or north continues toward the poles.

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The Coriolis effect- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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The Coriolis effect- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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Key words
Coriolis effect: when going left will go to the right, when going right will go to the left.

Poles: on either side of the earth north & south

Equator: Low pressure area

Summary
Coastal currents get affected by local winds. Surface ocean currents, that occur at the open ocean, are leaded by the global wind system. If the Earth didn’t rotate and stayed still, the atmosphere would circulate between the poles and the equator in a back and forth pattern. The the Earth rotates circulating air is punctured. Instead of circulating in a straight pattern, the air is void.

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Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles –Seth and David 

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Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles –Seth and David 

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Diurnal tide cycle :  An area has a diurnal tidal cycle if it experiences one high and one low tide every lunar day.

Summary: Three basic tidal patterns occur along the Earth’s major shorelines. In general, most areas have two high tides and two low tides each day. When the two highs and the two lows are about the same height, the pattern is called a semi-daily or semidiurnal tide.

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* 24-hour solar day: which is the that it takes for s specific site on the earth to rotate from an exact point under the sun.
Summary: Unlike a 24-hour solar day, a lunar day lasts 24 hours and 50 minutes. This occurs because the moon revolves around the Earth in the same direction that the Earth rotates around its axis.  Almost everyone is familiar with the concept of a 24-hour solar day, which is the time that it takes for a specific site on the Earth to rotate from an exact point under the sun to the same point under the sun.

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Summary
Solar Tides are half as large as lunar tides. when the sun moon and earth are in alignment during a full moon the solar tides has a effect on lunar tides. This creates extra high high tides and very low low tides or spring tides.

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Gravity, Inertia, and Bulges-Seth and David

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Gravity, Inertia, and Bulges-Seth and David

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Vocabulary

Tidal bulges: When water is being pulled by the force of the moon  towards it and the force makes  a "bulge" in the water

Summary: The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the moon is strongest on the side of the Earth that happens to be facing the moon, simply because it is closer. This attraction causes the water on this “near side” of Earth to be pulled toward the moon.

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Because the Earth rotates through two tidal “bulges” every lunar day, coastal areas experience two high and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes. High tides occur 12 hours and 25 minutes apart. It takes six hours and 12.5 minutes for the water at the shore to go from high to low, or from low to high.
key words: frequency -  the number of crests of a wave that move past a given point in a given unit of time

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Tidal bulges liend with the movement of the sun and moon help change the angel in tides. And over time the angles change.

tidal bulges(are two gravitational forces form the angles of the sun and moon)
equator(the center of the globe)
declination( angler distance of a point to north or south)

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Key words
Upwelling: Winds blowing across the ocean surface often push water away from an area. When this occurs, water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water

Summary
When winds blow across the ocean surface, water gets pushed away from an area and subsurface water rises up to take the place of the diverging surface water, this is when an upwelling occurs. Upwellings happen in the ocean and along the coastline. Subsurface water that rises to the surface, this upwelling is rich in nutrients, and very productive. A good fishing spot is where there is an upwelling, because of the nutrients the fish will be there. Seasonal upwelling and downwelling can also arise along the West Coast of the United States.

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*Tides:  are one of the most reliable phenomena in the world. Tides are very long-period waves that move through the oceans in response to the forces exerted by the moon and sun
Summary:  ides are very long-period waves that move through the oceans in response to the forces exerted by the moon and sun. Tides originate in the oceans and progress toward the coastlines where they appear as the regular rise and fall of the sea surface.

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Key words
Rip currents:  a localized current that flows away from the shoreline toward the ocean, perpendicular or at an acute angle to the shoreline

Sandbars: a long, narrow sandbank, especially at the mouth of a river

Summary
Rip currents usually reach speeds of 1 to 2 feet per second. Some rip currents have been looked at and have been measured to 8 feet per second, that is faster than an Olympic swimmer. A rip current breaks up not that far from the shore and is not more than 25 meters wide. When long shore currents keep on moving off and on the beach, which is called rip currents can form around low spots or splits in sandbars.

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Long shore currents- Sala, Victoria, And Ahja 

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Long shore currents- Sala, Victoria, And Ahja 

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Key words

Long shore drift: As this sheet of water moves on and off the beach, it can “capture” and taken back to beach sediment back out to sea.

Sheet formation: water in a long shore current that flows up onto the beach, and back into the ocean

Angle of wave Approach: Waves that arrive in a slight angle

Summary
The speed when waves approach the shore depends on the seafloor, the shoreline features, and the depth of the water. When a wave is moving towards the beach, the wave slows down because of the different segments of the wave hit the shore before others. The result from this, the wave tends the come together and uphold the general shape of the coastline. Waves usually don’t reach the beach perfectly in line to the shoreline. As a wave reaches the beach or coastline, it releases energy that generate the currents, which runs in line the shoreline.

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Changing Angles and Tides- Kada & Christina

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Changing Angles and Tides- Kada & Christina

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Vocabulary:
Declination- When the moon revolves around the Earth, its angles increase and decrease in relation equator.
Summary:
The Earth's two bulges are aligned with positions of the moon and the sun. These positions change relatively to Earth's equator, The two tidal bulges track the changes in lunar declination, also increasing or decreasing their angles to the equator.

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Key words
Long shore winds: Winds that blow along the shoreline and affect waves and currents

Breaking waves: Waves that become too steep and unstable

Fetch: the distance over water that the wind blows in a single direction

Summary
Coastal currents are twistedly tied to winds, waves and land formations. Long shore lines, wind that blows along the shore can affect the waves and currents. Wind speed, wind duration, and fetch can affect the wave height. If the winds are slow, only small waves are going to happen, despite the wind duration or fetch. Large waves only occur when all three factors (wind duration, wind speed and fetch) come together.

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Gravity is the major source in what causes tides. because the distance of the moon that is what affects how low or high is the water.
Keywords:  Gravity : a natural    phenomenon  that pulls objects down to the ground.
Tidal forces: is an apparent force that a body towards the canter due

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Tidal currents 2- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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Tidal currents 2- Sala, Victoria, and Ahja 

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Key words
Perigean currents:  When the moon and Earth are positioned nearest to each other, the currents are stronger than average

Apogean currents: When the moon and Earth are at their farthest distance from each other, the currents are weaker

Summary
The position of the moon and sun affect the tidal currents. Apogee is when the moon and the earth is at their farthest distance from each other. With funnel-shaped bays can alter the tidal current magnitude. Also, with the shape of bays and estuaries can magnify the strengths of tides and the currents that are produced. The daily tidal currents skilled by coastal areas can have a sustainable effect on estuarine ecosystem.

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Vocabulary
+ Newton's law of universal gravitation - gavitanial attraction between two bodys is directly proportional there masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between  the body's
Summary
Gravity is one major force that creates tides. sir isaac newton explained that ocean tides are a result of gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on the ocean of earth. With tidal forces on earth the distance between two objects usually is more critical than their masses.

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Key Terms:
NOAA- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Summary:
NOAA helps predict the water level and collects coastal currents data. How tides fall and rise are important to natural world and have an effect on maritime-related activities.

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The Global Conveyor Belt- David and seth

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The Global Conveyor Belt- David and seth

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*ocean currents: Flow thousands of meters below the surface.
*Thermohaline circulation: Drives a global-scale system of currents called the global conveyor belt.
* Conveyor belt:  may be affected by climate change
*  polar regions:  ocean water gets very cold, forming sea ice.
*global warming: results in increased rainfall in the North Atlantic, and the melting of glaciers and sea ice, the influx of warm freshwater onto the sea surface could block the formation of sea ice, disrupting the sinking of cold, salty water.
Summary:   when sea ice forms, the salt is left behind.  the seawater gets saltier, its density increases, and it begins to sink. Surface water is pulled in to replace the sinking water, which in turn eventually becomes cold and salty enough to sink. Thermohaline circulation drives a global-scale system of currents called the global conveyor belt. The conveyor belt begins on the surface of the ocean close to the pole in the North Atlantic. If global warming  increases rainfall in the North Atlantic, and the melting of glaciers and sea ice, the influx of warm freshwater onto the sea surface could block the formation of sea ice, disrupting the sinking of cold, salty water.

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Vocab

Wave length: affected by three factors wind speed, wind duration and fetch
Long shore currents: currents that run parallel  to the shore
Rip currents: is a current that runs away from land and toward the ocean perpendicular toa shoreline
Up-welling: water rises up from beneath the surface to replace diverging surface water.
Coastal currents are large currents thata go towars the coast

Summary: Coastal currents are currents that happen to the coast or shore line.Waves are the main force making coastal currents and is determined by three factors  wind speed, wind duration ,and fetch. Longshore currents happen when coastal currents that discharge a lot of energy and makes a current that runs parallel to the shore line.
rip currents happen when a current runs away from land and to the  ocean at an acute angle. Upwelling occurs when  water rises up from beneath the surface to replace diverging surface water.

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Key words:
-Coriolis force- A force in which water's direction is affected by earth's rotation.
-Ekman spiral- force of wind currents caused by the Coriolis forces.
-Prevailing winds-also known as trade winds,pattern that wind flows near the equator.
-Gyres-These major spirals of ocean-circling currents.
summary:
Surface currents are driven by a global wind system.The system includes the Coriolis effect and the Ekman spiral.One of the wind patterns is the prevailing winds flow northeast, southwest and back towards the equator. Winds drag on water's surface causing it to move and build up direction of the wind blowing.

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Gravitational attraction between the earth and the moon is the strongest on the side of the Earth and it is facing the moon because it is closer. The attraction causes the water on this on " near side " of Earth to be pulled toward the moon.
Vocab:
Attraction -  the action or power of evoking interest, pleasure, or liking for someone or something.
Key Words -
Moon :  The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth, being Earth's only permanent natural satellite
Force:  strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.

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Tides are one of the most reliable phenomena in the world. As the sun rises in the east and the stars come out at night, we are confident that the ocean waters will regularly rise and fall along our shores. The following pages describe the tremendous forces that cause the world’s tides.
key words: tidal range :  the vertical difference between the high tide and the succeeding low tide

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Tides and Water levels - Cadyson and Andrew 

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Tides and Water levels - Cadyson and Andrew 

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Summary: Animals depend on tide levels. As well to predict there level in the ocean.
Keywords:
observation:  the process of observing something or looking closely in detail.
tides: it is the rise and fall of sea level.
NOAA: National Oceanic And Atmospheric

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Key terms
Spring Currents: is when the moon is at full or new phases, tidal current velocities are strong

Neap Currents: When the moon is at first or third quarter phases, tidal current velocities are weak

Ebbs: When a tidal current moves toward the sea and away from land

Rectilinear/Reversing Currents: Tidal currents that ebb and flood in opposite directions

Summary
Tidal currents are the only type of currents that is affected by the interactions between the Earth, sun, and moon. The moon’s force is much greater than that of the sun because it is 389 times closer to the Earth than the sun is. Tidal currents are affected like tides are by the different phases the moon goes through. Tidal currents occur similarly with the rise and fall of the tide. After slack water occurs the currents switch directions and increase their velocity.

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Summary: In the Northern hemisphere warm air around the equator rises and flows North toward the poles. As the air moves away from the equator the coriolis effect deflects it towards the right. Descending air blows from the North East  to the South West  back to the equator.

Key terms:
* Equator: The center of earth
* Northern hemisphere: Northern part of the globe
* Coriolis effect: a effect that makes small objects seem like they are moving to the left or right even if they aren't.

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Key Terms
Perigee- where moon and earth are nearest to each other causing Perigean currents
Apogee- where the the moon and earth are farthest from each other causing Apogean currentgs

Summary
Tidal currents are constantly changes. The currents are affected by the earth and moon's positions.
and they shape of bays and estuaries also can magnify the intensity of tides and the currents they produce.

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Surface ocean currents - Kada & Christina 

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Surface ocean currents - Kada & Christina 

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Vocabulary
+ Coriolis effect - instead of circulating in a straight pattern, the air deflects towards the right i n the northern hemisphere and the left in the southern hemisphere
+  Intertropical Convergence Zone (also called the doldrums) - between 5 degrees North and 5 degrees South latitude, where the winds are calm.
+  gyres -  major spirals of ocean-swirling currents
+  Ekman spiral -   When surface water molecules move by the force of the wind, they, in turn, drag deeper layers of water molecules below them
Summary
If the earth did not rotate the atmosphere would circulate between the poles and equator. Trade winds  meet at the intertropical convergence zone between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south latitude. Global winds drag on the water surface causing it to move and build up in the direction that the wind is blowing. Deeper layers of water moves slower than the shallower layers.

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Waves: Coastal currents are intricately tied to winds, waves, and land formations.
Key Words:
- Breaking Waves: waves that become too steep and unstable
- Large waves: occur only when all three factors combine
Longshore Currents: When a wave reaches a beach or coastline, it releases a burst of energy that generates a current, which runs parallel to the shoreline.
Key Words:
-  Longshore drift: As a sheet of water moves on and off the beach, it can capture and transport beach sediment back out to sea.
Rip Currents: May form around low spots or breaks in sandbars, and also near structures such as jetties and piers.
Key Words:
- Perpendicular: a straight line at a angle of 90 degrees
Upwelling: Winds blowing across the ocean surface often push water away from an area. When this occurs, water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water
Key Words:
- Subsurface water: rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically colder, rich in nutrients, and biologically productive.

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Global Warming Conveyor Belt - Dasia , Sancia

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Global Warming Conveyor Belt - Dasia , Sancia

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vocabulary: global conveyor belt: thermohaline circulation drives a global scale system of currents
The conveyor belt begins on the surface of the ocean near the pole in the North Atlantic. Here, the water is chilled by arctic temperatures. It also gets saltier because when sea ice forms, the salt does not freeze and is left behind in the surrounding water. The cold water is now more dense, due to the added salts, and sinks toward the ocean bottom. Surface water moves in to replace the sinking water, thus creating a current . Thus, the conveyor belt gets "recharged." As it moves around Antarctica, two sections split off the conveyor and turn northward. One section moves into the Indian Ocean, the other into the Pacific Ocean.
key words: parcel - wrap
recharge - re do, reapply
conveyor- begins on the surface

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Vocabulary
+ Perigian Currents- When the moon and Earth are positioned nearest to each other, the currents are stronger than average.
+ Apogean Currents- When the moon and Earth are at the furthest distance from each other, the currents are weaker.
Summary
Tidal currents are affected by their position. Perigean and Apogean are what determines the strength of the current. The shape of a bay and estuary can determine the intensity of the tides and currents.

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Tidal currents are also very similar to tides. Tidal currents are mainly affected by the comparable positions of the earth.
Summary: tidal currents are driven by the moon position near the earth and effects its position.

keywords: estuaries( the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream. )
perigean:  a tide that occurs three or four times a year when the Moon's perigee
Magnitude: number of characteristics relative to the size of an earthquake.

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Key terms:
- Thermohaline circulation
A process driven by density differences in water due to temperature and salinity in different parts of the ocean

- Salinity
The concentration of dissolved salts in water

- Gravitational attraction
A factor in Oceanic Currents and making the rise and fall of the sun and moon on Earth's oceans

- Tidal currents
Tides create a current in the ocean, near the shore, in bays, and estuaries along the coast. Only type of currents that change in a very regular pattern and can be predicted for future dates.

Summary
Current describes the motion of the water when associated with water. Oceanic currents are driven by several different factors such as gravitational attraction, Thermohaline circulation, and the wind. The speed and direction of currents are able to be measured. Winds drive currents near coastal areas on a localized scale, and in the open ocean on a global scale. Currents driven by thermohaline circulation occur at both deep and shallow ocean levels and move much slower than tidal or surface currents.

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Coastal currents are tied to winds, waves, and land formations. Winds that blow along the shoreline long shore winds  affect waves then currents. Long shore currents is the speed which waves access the shore depends on sea floor and shoreline features and the depth of the water. As longshore currents move on and off the beach, rip currents may form around low spots or breaks in sandbars. Upwelling winds blow across the ocean surface they often push water away from an area.
Upwelling -

winds blow across the ocean surface they often push water away from an area.
Rip currents -

may form around low spots or breaks in sandbars.
KEY WORDS
- parallel - side by side
- segments -  each of the parts into which something is or may be divided.
- encounter -  unexpectedly experience or be faced with
- perpendicular -  at an angle of 90° to a given line, plane, or surface.
- jetties -  a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored.
- duration -  the time during which something continues.

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Vocabulary
* Tides: The rising and falling of sea level
* Tidal currents: they are the only type of current that are affected by the interactions of the sun, moon, and earth.
* Spring currents: Tidal currents occur when the moon is full and very strong.
* Neap currents: occurs the moon is at its first or third quarter and the tide has week velocity.

Summary- Tidal currents occur in conjunction with the rise and fall of the tide.When the vertical motion of tides get closer to shore it causes water to move horizontal making currents. When tidal currents move closer to land  and away for the sea it floods. When it moves closer to seas and away from land it ebbs. The Tidal Currents that ebbs and flood in opposite direction is called rectilinear or reversing currents.

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key terms:
- Currents describes the motion of water
-Velocity- Speed and direction
-Tidal currents- Their currents caused by gravitational of the sun and moon.
- thermohaline circulation-A process driven by density difference in water due to temperature(thermos) and salinity (halite) in different part of the ocean
Summary:
The ocean currents are the direction of the water flows.Oceanic currents are driven in several factors.A second factor drives in ocean currents is wind and the third factor drives currents is Thermohaline circulation.

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Tidal currents occur in conjunction with the rise and fall of the tide. Tidal currents are the only type of current affected by the interactions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. The relationship between the masses of the Earth, moon, and sun and their distances to each other critical roles and affecting tides and the currents they produce.
Key Words-
- Rectilinear tidal currents: Typically are found in coastal river and estuaries.
- Spring Currents: When the moon is at full or new phases, tidal current velocities are strong
- Slack water: The state of the tide when it is turning, especially at low tide

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Vocabulary
+ Current - The motion of water
+ Velocity - Speed and direction
+ Tidal currents - Tides create a current in the ocean near the shore & Bays at estuaries along the coast
+ thermohaline circulation - a process driven by density differences in water due to temperature and salinity in different parts of the ocean
Summary
The motion of water is a current. Which is caused by gravity. Speed and direction of currents can be measured and recorded. Ocean currents are caused by three different factors the rise and fall of the tide, wind, and thermohaline circulation.

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Tidal currents occur in conjunction with the rise and fall of the tide  The vertical motion of the tides near the shore causes the water to move horizontally, creating currents. When a tidal current moves toward the land and away from the sea, it floods. When it moves toward the sea away from the land it ebbs.
vocabulary -  rectilinear : tidal currents that ebb and flood in opposite directions
key words:  tidal currents -  occur in conjunction with the rise and fall of the tide
reversing -  move backward
ebbs -  move away from the land
slack water - not steady good water
velocity - speed of something
neap currents -  tidal current velocities are weak

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The term "Current" means in motion. Most common currents that you see such as rainwater moving down the streets are currents caused by gravity(the force of an object upon earth). Ocean currents are driven by the gravitational attraction(an object that is attracted by one or two large forces) of the sun and moon of the earth's ocean. Ocean currents are driven by many factors such as wind, thermohaline circulation. Ocean currents are most commonly measured in meters per second or in knots. Thermohaline circulation is a process caused by density differences in water due to temperature and salinity(the amount of salt in the ocean) in different parts of the ocean.

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This is your information for your posts for 2/21-22/18.  Your group should read, discuss and post from the Welcome, What are Tides?, What Causes Tides?, Gravity, Inertia, and Bulges, Changing Angles and Tides, The Frequency of Tides, Tidal Variations, Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles, What Else Affects Tides?, Monitoring the Tides
You should include key terms/definitions, diagrams, summary-Each post should be titled with The topic, your names under your group's column

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national oceanic and atmospheric administration

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Tides and Water Levels: NOAA's National Ocean Service Education

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National Ocean Service's Education Online tutorial on Tides and Water levels

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This is your information for your posts on 2/20-21/18.  Your group should read, discuss, and post from the Welcome, Tidal Currents 1, Tidal Currents 2, Coastal Currents--each part, Surface Currents--each part,  The Global Conveyor belt--each part.  You should include key terms/definitions, diagrams, summary-Each post should be titled with The topic, your names, under your group's column.

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national oceanic and atmospheric administration

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Currents: NOAA's National Ocean Service Education

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National Ocean Service's Education Online tutorial on Corals?