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The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman".

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abstinence from alcoholic drink

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Abolitionism is a movement to end slavery, whether formal or informal. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism is a historical movement to end the African and Indian slave trade and set slaves free.

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Brook Farm (1841-1846): The Transcendentalist Romance.

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The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement.

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an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.

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The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.–Mexican War or the Invasion of Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States from 1846 to 1848.

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In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromisewas passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

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a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US.

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the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

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Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other inventors, the telegraphrevolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations.

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Eli Whitney was an American inventor who created the cotton gin and pushed the “interchangeable parts” mode of production.

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Railroads replace canals as a primary mode of transportation.

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A steamboat is a boat in which the primary method of marine propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels.

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The "market revolution" is a term used by historians to describe the expansion of the marketplace that occurred in early nineteenth-century America, prompted mainly by the construction of new roads and canals to connect distant communities together for the first time.

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This "System" consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture.

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the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

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The Forty-Eighters were Europeans who participated in or supported the revolutions of 1848 that swept Europe. In the German states, the Forty-Eighters favored unification of the German people, a more democratic government, and guarantees of human rights.

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Throughout the potato famine years, nearly a million Irish arrived in the United States. Famine immigrants were the first big wave of poor refugees ever to arrive in the U.S. and Americans were simply overwhelmed.

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The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders.

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The Whigs were a political faction and then a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Between the 1680s and 1850s, they contested power with their rivals, the Tories.

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The Second Bank of the United States was chartered for many of the same reasons as its predecessor, the First Bank of the United States. The War of 1812 had left a formidable debt.

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The Democratic Party was formed in 1792, when supporters of Thomas Jefferson began using the name Republicans, or Jeffersonian Republicans, to emphasize its anti-aristocratic policies.

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a land deal between the United States and France

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