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10.  Give a detailed summary of two Cold War Events.

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10.  Give a detailed summary of two Cold War Events.

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The Berlin Blockade and Airlift was when Soviet Union cut off highway, water, and rail traffic into Berlin’s western zones and the Americans and British officials flew in the skies to give items to the people of Berlin since the people faced starvation. The blockade was made to force the Western Allied powers the United States, the United Kingdom, and France to abandon their post-World War II jurisdictions in West Berlin. From June 1948 to May 1949, Allied planes took off and landed every three minutes in West Berlin. Pilots brought in 2.3 million tons of food, fuel, medicine, and even christmas gifts to West Berliners. In May 1949, the Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted the blockade.

The North Korean war happened on June 25, 1950 when North Koreans swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack on South Korea. South Korea asked the United Nations to intervene. A total of 15 nations, including the U.S and Britain, participated under the command of General Douglas MacArthur. By September 1950 the North Koreans controlled the entire Korean peninsula except for a tiny area around Pusan. However MacArthur launched a surprise attack and half of the North Koreans surrendered and the rest retreated. The UN troops pursued the retreating North Koreans across the 38th parallel into North Korea pushing them almost to the Yalu River. In October 1950 the Chinese felt threatened by these troops and by an American fleet off their cost so they sent 300,000 troops into North Korea. By January 1951 , the Chinese took out the UN forces, South Korean troops achieved capturing the capital of Seoul. By 1952, UN troops had regained control of South Korea. It ended on July, 1953 when the UN forces and North Korea signed a ceasefire agreement.

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9.  Explain the positive and negative effects of a U.S. action during the cold war. a. Give and event that the U.S. was involved in and list the positive and negative outcomes it produced.

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9.  Explain the positive and negative effects of a U.S. action during the cold war. a. Give and event that the U.S. was involved in and list the positive and negative outcomes it produced.

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An event that the U.S was involved in was the Vietnam war.

Negative outcomes
-There was no agreement at the end of the war which meant the war was useless
-1.5 million Vietnamese lost their lives which meant a high amount of people died
-58,000 Americans lost their lives which meant a high amount of people died
-Dissatisfied young people protested the tremendous loss of life which meant people protested while they could be enjoying there life
-The war grew increasingly unpopular in the U.S which meant the U.S was not cool

Positive outcomes:
-The U.S was not seen as a coward to other nations which meant others nations admired the U.S because they fought the Vietnamese
-Nixon had a plan called the Vietnamization it allowed U.S troops to gradually pull out, while the South Vietnamese increased their combat role
-The U.S felt strong and brave which meant it was not afraid of no other nation in the world
-Every one was afraid of the U.S which meant no one got into problems with the U.S
-Nixon authorized a massive bombing campaign against North Vietnamese bases and supply routes which meant the enemies would be blown up

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8.  Know about the fall of the Soviet Union. a. Glasnost b. Perestroika c. Mikhail Gorbachev

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8.  Know about the fall of the Soviet Union. a. Glasnost b. Perestroika c. Mikhail Gorbachev

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a. Glasnost was a Soviet Union policy of openness to the free flow of ideas and information begun by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985. The government allowed churches to open. It released dissidents from prison and allowed the publication of books by previously banned authors. Reporters investigated problems and criticized officials. It allowed Soviet citizens to complain about economic problems. Consumers protested that they had to stand in lines to buy food and other basics. It began the democratization of the Soviet Union.

b. Perestroika was a restructuring of the Soviet economy to permit more local decision making, begun by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985. It is sometimes argued to be a cause of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War. It’s goal was to make socialism work more efficiently and to better meet the needs of Soviet consumers.

c. Mikhail Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved.

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7.  When did East and West Germany finally reunify? a. What event led to the reunification?

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7.  When did East and West Germany finally reunify? a. What event led to the reunification?

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East and West Germany finally reunified on October 3, 1990

a. The event that lead to the reunification was the destruction of the Berlin Wall.

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6.  Know about President Nixon’s contributions to the Cold War. a. -What is detente? b. -What is Ping-Pong Diplomacy?

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6.  Know about President Nixon’s contributions to the Cold War. a. -What is detente? b. -What is Ping-Pong Diplomacy?

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a. Detente is a policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the U.S during the presidency of Richard Nixon. President Nixon turned to Detente and its effect was that it grew out a philosophy known as realpolitik. The U.S and the Soviet Union agreed to pursue detente and to reduce tensions.

b. Ping-Pong Diplomacy is the exchange of table tennis players between the U.S and People's Republic of China in the early 1970s. The event marked a thaw in Sino-American relations that paved the way to a visit to Beijing by President Richard Nixon.

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5.  Know about Proxy Wars (dates, course of events, significance, involved parties, how did they end...) a. Vietnam b. Korea

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5.  Know about Proxy Wars (dates, course of events, significance, involved parties, how did they end...) a. Vietnam b. Korea

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a. Vietnam- In August 1964, U.S President Lyndon Johnson told Congress that North Vietnamese patrol boats had attacked two U.S destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. As a result, Congress allowed him to send U.S troops to fight Vietnam. By late 1965, more than 185,00 U.S soldiers were in combat on Vietnamese soil. By 1978, more than half a million U.S were in combat there.  The U.S turned to air power. During the late 1960s, the war grew increasingly unpopular and the U.S. President Richard Nixon began withdrawing U.S troops from Vietnam in 1969. It ended when dissatisfied young people began to protest the tremendous loss of life in a conflict on the other side of the world.

b. Korea- On June 25, 1950, North Koreans swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack on South Korea. South Korea asked the United Nations to intervene. A total of 15 nations, including the U.S and Great Britain, participated under the command of General Douglas MacArthur. By September 1950 the North Koreans controlled controlled the entire Korean peninsula except for a tiny area around Pusan. However MacArthur launched a surprise attack and half of the North Koreans surrendered and the rest retreated. The UN troops pursued the retreating North Koreans across the 38th parallel into North Korea pushing them almost to the Yalu River. In October 1950 the Chinese felt threatened by these troops and by an American fleet off their cost so they sent 300,000 troops into North Korea. By January 1951 , the Chinese took out the UN forces, South Korean troops achieved capturing the capital of Seoul. By 1952, UN troops had regained control of South Korea. It ended on July, 1953 when the UN forces and North Korea signed a ceasefire agreement.

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4.  Know about the Space Race a. How did it affect the Soviet Union and America. b. Who won the space race? c. What events were important during the space race?

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4.  Know about the Space Race a. How did it affect the Soviet Union and America. b. Who won the space race? c. What events were important during the space race?

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a. It affected the Soviet Union and America because science and education was needed during the space race competition. Plus a lot of money was put into the inventions being made.

b. The United States won the space race.

c. The events that were important during the space race was the Soviet Union launching Sputnik, U.S launching an artificial satellite (Explorer I), First human orbits Earth (Yuri Gagarin), First American in space (Alan Shepard), First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova), Apollo 11 first manned moon landing (Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins), and U.S and Soviet Union launch first joint space mission.

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3.  Know about Soviet Involvement in the Cold War. a. Iron Curtain b. What did Stalin say about free elections after WWII? c. Warsaw Pact

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3.  Know about Soviet Involvement in the Cold War. a. Iron Curtain b. What did Stalin say about free elections after WWII? c. Warsaw Pact

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a. Iron Curtain was the boundary separating the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the mostly democratic nations of Western Europe during the cold war.

b. Stalin said that Eastern Europeans would have free elections after WWII.

c. Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania which were seven Eastern European countries. The Soviet Union formed the alliance when it saw NATO as a threat.

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2.  Know about U.S. involvement in the Cold War. a. NATO b. Truman Doctrine c. Marshall Plan d. Cuban Missile Crisis e. Containment

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2.  Know about U.S. involvement in the Cold War. a. NATO b. Truman Doctrine c. Marshall Plan d. Cuban Missile Crisis e. Containment

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a. NATO also referred to as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European nations, the United States and Canada.

b. Truman Doctrine was announced by President Harry Truman in 1947, a U.S policy of giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents. Truman’s support for countries that rejected communism, $400 million was authorized by congress in aid to Turkey and Greece.

c. Marshall Plan was a U.S program of economic aid to Western European countries to help them rebuild after WWII. The program would provide food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe. The U.S give 12.5 billion dollars to Western Europe.

d. The Cuban Missile Crisis happened in July 1962 when Khrushchev began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba. President John F.Kennedy declared the missiles so close to the U.S mainland were a threat. He demanded their removal and also announced a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent the Soviets from installing more missiles. Castro wanted Khrushchev to launch the missiles to the U.S but did not. Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles in return for a U.S promise not to invade Cuba. The resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis left Castro completely dependent on Soviet support.

e. Containment was a U.S foreign policy adopted by president Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the U.S tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances. It was made because the U.S tried to offset the growing Soviet threat to Eastern Europe.

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1.  The Yalta Conference What happened. Who attended.

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1.  The Yalta Conference What happened. Who attended.

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a. In the conference the leaders agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation controlled by the Allied military forces. Germany would also have to pay the Soviet Union to compensate for its loss of life and property. Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan. He also promised that Eastern Europeans would have free elections.

b. The leaders of the U.S, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union attended the meeting. British prime minister Winston Churchill, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt.