# data[].attributes.body
What is the global affect? What does it look like everywhere else (policy leaders).

# data[].attributes.body
Multicultural policies in Canada have evolved and shifted over the decades, and will likely continue to do so in this era of globalization.

# data[].attributes.body
Multiculturalism policy is always changing. However, there are still many issues with it as it continues to change

# data[].attributes.headline
through the evolution of Canadian multicultural policy, we have moved from a position of maintaining ethnic minorities cultural heritage, to a policy which considered these people heavily as an international business asset, while cutting back on cultural initiatives and pushing the burden into the non-profit/private sector. The paper concludes that we should refocus our emphasis on nation building and belonging to a Canadian identity from a place of mutual respect and recognition- "the very premise of ethnic minorities' challenge to the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in the 1960's" (Abu-Laban & Gabriel, 2002, 124). 

# data[].attributes.subject
through the evolution of Canadian multicultural policy, we have moved from a position of maintaining ethnic minorities cultural heritage, to a policy which considered these people heavily as an international business asset, while cutting back on cultural initiatives and pushing the burden into the non-profit/private sector. The paper concludes that we should refocus our emphasis on nation building and belonging to a Canadian identity from a place of mutual respect and recognition- "the very premise of ethnic minorities' challenge to the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in the 1960's" (Abu-Laban & Gabriel, 2002, 124). 

# data[].attributes.body
Canada's multiculturalism policy has been greatly changed and shaped since its introduction by Pierre Trudeau in the 1980s. Today's policy is still problematic, but overall the discussion surrounding multiculturalism in Canada makes our country an important one to study when looking at ways to incorporate multiculturalism at a federal level.

# data[].attributes.body
The policy shift has been in response to issues faced in Canada and has been shaped by neo-liberal values such as the economy, however it has not yet dealt with all the issues this country faces, such as racism.

# data[].attributes.body
Canadian Multiculturalism is always changing - current multiculturalism still has, and will continue to have problems

# data[].attributes.body
The shift in policy from past to present that now focuses multiculturalism linked to various groups and business purposes based on neo-liberal central ideal rather than other key issues such as lack in dealing with racism.

# data[].attributes.body
Canada has been the leading policy-makers of multiculturalism, however, the current view of multiculturalism is lacking, and contrasting to the very ideal of the policies which began in 1960

# data[].attributes.body
Will policies focused on capitalizing on multiculturalism for economic reasons fail to address issues of racism and prejudice in society?

# data[].attributes.body
How can policy counteract embedded societal racism?

# data[].attributes.body
weak national identity
racism/sexism
private/public spheres-who controls it
multiculturalism as trade opportunity take away from dealing with racism?

# data[].attributes.body
the lack of immediate effect policy has on changing societal views

# data[].attributes.body
What to do when aspects of another culture clash with existing Canadian laws? e.g. female genital mutilation

# data[].attributes.body
The effect policies have on minorities in regards to racism, women, and etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Does the state have a right to interfere in private affairs? Is culture/heritage an issue of the public or private sphere?

# data[].attributes.body
How policies surrounding multiculturalism can put cultures/individuals in "boxes"

# data[].attributes.body
- The ways in which policies affect visible minorities (such as women).
- Argument surrounding how far we should go to accomodate multiculturalism

# data[].attributes.headline
Imperfections in multicultural policy in Canada; the ever evolving nature of these policies; effects of policies, programs and institutions on minority groups (institutional racism); public/private distinction; narrowness of multiculturalism as a business initiative - ignores respect and recognition which was previously a cornerstone of multicultural policy - limits ability to combat gender and class inequalities

# data[].attributes.subject
Imperfections in multicultural policy in Canada; the ever evolving nature of these policies; effects of policies, programs and institutions on minority groups (institutional racism); public/private distinction; narrowness of multiculturalism as a business initiative - ignores respect and recognition which was previously a cornerstone of multicultural policy - limits ability to combat gender and class inequalities

# data[].attributes.body
- weakening of national unity,
- individual rights/private sphere : the state having no part in upholding minority languages and culture in the public sphere
- whether a multiculturalism of business and trade can adequately deal with the issue of race, class, and gender inequities

# data[].attributes.body
KEY PROBLEMS
- Effect of Policies
- Nation Building
- Who is in Control
- Racism
- Rights and Government

# data[].attributes.body
Focus on Identity, Civic Participation, and Social Justice
Diversity and Globalization
Gender and Multiculturalism
Racism, Sexism, and Exclusion

# data[].attributes.body
relation between multiculturalism and business/economics in Canada

# data[].attributes.body
Multicultural Policy in Canada. Positives and Negatives throughout history

# data[].attributes.body
- Racism in Canada
- What effects multiculturalism has on different minorities
- Effects of multiculturalism on business
- How Canadian ideas of multiculturalism affect the rest of the world
- How multiculturalism polices have changed in Canada

# data[].attributes.body
the effects of policy on racism
the effects of policy on nation building
the effects of immigration on national identity

# data[].attributes.headline
effects of multiculturalism on Canadian business and international trade; effects of multicultural policy on national solidarity and identity;

# data[].attributes.subject
effects of multiculturalism on Canadian business and international trade; effects of multicultural policy on national solidarity and identity;

# data[].attributes.body
effects of multiculturalism on minority ethnic groups, women, and minority groups within minority groups [French speaking Muslims in Alberta] (kinda like inception)

# data[].attributes.headline
- multiculturalism policy's effect on minorities

# data[].attributes.subject
- multiculturalism policy's effect on minorities

# data[].attributes.body
- government's ability to successfully nation-build

# data[].attributes.body
Globalization
Multiculturalism
racism
sexism
changing policies
Role of government (in religion, language,education, etc.)

# data[].attributes.body
Policy Shift and Changes based on Multiculturalism
History of Canada and Multiculturalism
Importance of Multiculturalism in a Business Perspective
How Policy places a role in Nation Building and Identity
Government and Nation Building

# data[].attributes.body
How policy can support or deteriorate a tolerant, diverse and vibrantly multicultural society

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To understand what kind of info will be presented

# data[].attributes.body
To identify its purpose, audience, inherent bias, context and reliability

# data[].attributes.headline
To understand what type of information is being presented, in terms of knowledge or opinion, educational  or an article. Looking out for fact versus opinion, the validity of what is being said and who it is being presented by. Who the main focal audience is for the 'text' and why it is being directed towards them

# data[].attributes.subject
To understand what type of information is being presented, in terms of knowledge or opinion, educational  or an article. Looking out for fact versus opinion, the validity of what is being said and who it is being presented by. Who the main focal audience is for the 'text' and why it is being directed towards them

# data[].attributes.body
It allows the reader to keep the context in mind - what audience was this intended for, is it part of a larger works, is it reliable etc.

# data[].attributes.body
To know what its purpose is, who its trying to convince, and to know its reliabilit

# data[].attributes.body
context

# data[].attributes.headline
allows for understanding on context, whether or not the author has completed the point or has more to say, and the reliability on what they are saying

# data[].attributes.subject
allows for understanding on context, whether or not the author has completed the point or has more to say, and the reliability on what they are saying

# data[].attributes.headline
to determine whether it is an authoritative source of information

# data[].attributes.subject
to determine whether it is an authoritative source of information

# data[].attributes.body
To know who the audience is

# data[].attributes.body
to ahve an idea of who the audience is
authority of the writing

# data[].attributes.body
Book chapter

# data[].attributes.body
Book Chapter

# data[].attributes.headline
Why is knowing the document type important?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why is knowing the document type important?

# data[].attributes.body
Book Chapter

# data[].attributes.body
chapter in a book

# data[].attributes.body
Book Chapter (Academic)

# data[].attributes.body
chapter of a book

# data[].attributes.body
1971-1993
1993-2001
1995-1997

# data[].attributes.body
chronological
1971-1993
1993-2001
2001-present

# data[].attributes.body
Chronological timeline

Three Components :
History of Policy of Multiculturalism (71-93) HISTORY
-  Multiculturalism Policy
- Cultural Maintenance of Diverse Ethnic Groups

Policy Shifting(93-01) - CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
- Business Value of Multiculturalism
- Globalization

Internationalized of Multiculturalism
- Identity

# data[].attributes.body
chronological timeline (longitudinal framework)
History-1971-93--> beginning of multicultural policy, multiculturalism within a bilingual framework to preserve individual freedoms and national identity, cultural maintenance

Contemporary period 93-2001-fostering attachment to canada, more about globalization and keeping competitive advantage over other countries in the market place

multiculturalism program review 95-97-reevaluate old programs, keys "identity, participation and justice (113), attachment to canada, create active citizens, limit funding to multiculturalism

# data[].attributes.body
chronological timeline
1971-1993
multiculturalism within a bilingual framework
preserving individual freedom and enhancing national unity
remove cultural barriers to full participation to Canadian society
cultural interchange
official language training for immigrants to Canada

1992-2001

1995-1997

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Chronological, starting with the introduction to multiculturalism policy (1971-1993), then policy shifts with a focus on nation building rather than separation of different ethnic groups (1993-2001).  They also discuss the evaluation of policy by the liberal party from 1995-1997. Finally, they discuss the internationalization of multiculturalism in recent years and it's shift to incorporate globalization and business .

# data[].attributes.body
chronological in three different main stages, 1971-93 (culture and language based policy), 93-01 (economic and nation building, deterring racism), 01 to present (globalization of policy around multiculturalism)

# data[].attributes.body
1971-1993; rise of neoliberalism; cultural maintenance & folk activities (language; dancing)

1993-2001;  neoliberalism continues: cuts on public funding of minority groups; importance of multiculturalism in business and trade. Attachment to Canada

2001-present; Globalization & internationalization, leading to increased importance of multicultural policies in fostering peace and human security; Canada as a 'model'

# data[].attributes.body
Third Forces
Ethnocultural groups
cultural interchange
cultural maintenance
cultural barriers
visible minorities
systemic racism and discrimination
immigration
race relations
Canadian Heritage
hettoization

# data[].attributes.body
federal liberal
Neo-liberal
founding people
private sphere
nation building
attachment Canada
Globalization
Multiculturalism
feminism
civic participation
Brighton report

# data[].attributes.body
Neo-liberalism
Globalization
Multi cultural policy

# data[].attributes.body
multiculturalism (105)
nation building (105)
liberal government
globalization (106)
policy
founding people (105)
diversity (106)
cultural maintenance (123)
legislation
internationalization
homogeneous (109)
Private/public sphere (106)
ethnocultural (105)
special recognition (105)
Anglo-conformity (105)
minorities

# data[].attributes.body
Systemic racism, 109;
Identity 113;
Civic participation 114;
Internationalization
Neo-liberalism 116;
Social justice 114;
Anglo-conformity;
Canadian Heritage;
Nation-building;
public sphere;
private sphere;
official languages act;
Brighton report;
multiculturalism;
race relations.

# data[].attributes.body
Shifting Policies
Immigration
Nationalism
Diversity(106)
Nation Building
Ethnicity
Founding People (105)
Nation Theories
Global Relations
Globalization
Identity (113)
Civic Participation (114)
Social Justice (114)

# data[].attributes.body
Multiculturalism
Social Justice (114)
minorities
policy
feminism
racism
nationalism
nation building
cultural maintenance (108)
civic participation (114)
globalization

# data[].attributes.body
multiculturalism
globalization
policy
nationalism
minority
majority
national identity
neo-liberalism
national language
official languages act
internationalization
racism
private and public spheres

# data[].attributes.headline
This chapter focuses on the history of multiculturalism by breaking it down into components in thirds. It focuses on history of multiculturalism, shifting policies, and how it became nter

# data[].attributes.subject
This chapter focuses on the history of multiculturalism by breaking it down into components in thirds. It focuses on history of multiculturalism, shifting policies, and how it became nter

# data[].attributes.body
This chapter discusses multiculturalism in Canada, more specifically in regard to the history of multiculturalism, the shifts the policy has taken and its criticisms, and the more modern internationalization of multiculturalism in Canada

# data[].attributes.headline
ORGANIZATION / PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION

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ORGANIZATION / PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the main finding(s) (conclusions) ?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the main finding(s) (conclusions) ?

# data[].attributes.body
ARGUEMENTS

# data[].attributes.headline
BACKGROUND? IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS? FACTS? OBSERVATIONS? (the authors' not yours)

# data[].attributes.subject
BACKGROUND? IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS? FACTS? OBSERVATIONS? (the authors' not yours)

# data[].attributes.body
Abu-Laban, Y., & Gabriel, C. (2000). Selling Diversity : Immigration, Multiculturalism, Employment Equity, and Globalization. Toronto, CA: University of Toronto Press, Higher Education Division. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com
This assignment is designed to help you learn to read a political science paper.