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6). Walking Warriors: Worldly Battlegrounds of Beleganjur Music! :)

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6). Walking Warriors: Worldly Battlegrounds of Beleganjur Music! :)

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-Beleganjur music also was performed for Battles of a different kind in former times: battles of war fought by the armies of rival Balinese kingdoms.

Lomba beleganjur: The modern beleganjur contest...
-Though beleganjur's traditional role as a music of warfare has been rendered obsolete in modern times, the imge of the heroic Balinese warrior of old has not disappeared.
-The first lomba was held in December in 1986.
-More than two dozen groups from that city competed.
-The performers were predominantly young youth males.
-These contests were a big deal and within a short time, they were being held all over the island (almost like the Olympics...but not).

Kreasi beleganjur: The contest musician style...
-The sole purpose of the Traditional beleganjur music is to support the ritual it accompanies
- But Kreasi beleganjur is flashy, fast, complex, inventive, full of musical contrasts and surprises, and enhanced by elaborate pageantry, colorful costumes, and impressive choreographed movement.

Tradition and innovation in kreasi beleganjur: An elusive balance...
-Kreasi beleganjur is different from traditional beleganjur with compositional originality; Ensemble virtuousity; emphasis on showmanship; and varied textures.
-The key to having a strong piece of music for the contest is to be found in achieving a balance between beleganjur traditionalism and modernity.
-The right balance is difficult to achieve!
-Groups that fail to bring enough creativity and novelty to their performance are met with indifference and may be ridiculed.

Achieving the elusive balance: The kreasi beleganjur music of I Ketut Suandita...
-If there is any figure in the kreasi beleganjur world whose music epitomizes an ideal balance of traditionalism and creative innovation, it is I Ketut Suandita.
-I Ketut Suandita directed three different groups from three different villages to those championships, and performed as the lead drummer of two of them.
Video of a contest piece! :)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28-5r9-BdwQ

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4). Kilitan Telu Interlocking Rhythms: A Musical Symbol of Communal Interdependence! :)

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4). Kilitan Telu Interlocking Rhythms: A Musical Symbol of Communal Interdependence! :)

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Balinese Kecak and the Kilitan telu...
-The rhythmic patterns and interlocking textures of the kilitan telu extend across the full range of Balinese gamelan music.
-The musical roots of Kecak are found in an ancient trance ritual called Sanghyang Dedari, in which mesmerizing vocal chanting of the kilitan telu and other rhythmic patterns by a group of men surrounding an oil lamp was used to induce trance in female spirit mediums.
-The Kecak dance-drama involves the enactment of episodes from a grand Hindu epic, the Ramayana.

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Here there are examples that are mentioned in the book, there are also mini quizes if you wanna go cray-cray!!!  http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073526649/student_view0/chapter7/index.html

https://youtu.be/c1AiCTJ9t8g
https://youtu.be/28-5r9-BdwQ

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Claude Debussy: an important French composer; influenced other composers with the gamelan music
"Musik kontemporer" (contemporary music): combines Indonesian and non-Indonesian musical elements in novel ways
Asnawa and I Komang Astita: Balinese composers that have composed internationally acclaimed musik kontemporer works
I Wayan Balawan: contemporary virtuoso electric guitarist
I Wayan Balawan "Country Beleganjur": combines elements of beleganjur and kebyar music from Bali with elements of American country music, bluegrass, rock, funk, and jazz
B.A.Ph.PET:  Big Attitude Phat Pig
B.A.Ph. PET: incorporates many conventional Balinese elements: gong cycle, core melody, interlocking parts; Western-style elements: chord progressions, synthesizer melodies, improvised turntabling

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5) The Gamelan Beleganjur in Battles of Good VS Evil

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5) The Gamelan Beleganjur in Battles of Good VS Evil

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Balinese individuals and communities: perceived threats from malevolent spirit beings are an abiding concern
Beleganjur music + key role in rituals: enacted to combat the forces of evil
According to Balinese lore, the gamelan beleganjur was originally created by evil spirits of the Lower World (Later transformed into a powerful force for good after coming into possession of the Beleganjur people of the Middle World)
Beleganjur music + crucial ritual: in the grand processions of Hindu-Balinese cremation rituals
Atma: first essential step that frees the soul of the deceased from its ties to the earthly world so that it can commence its afterlife journey to worlds beyond
Music is believed to help both the atma of the deceased and the banjar community
The energetic music purposes: 1. music has power to frighten and deflect potentially meddlesome bhutas and leyaks
2. used to inspire physical strength and courage among the carriers of the heavy tower, who face a formidable challenge in their efforts to spin the tower with sufficient speed and energy
3. hoped that it will embolden the atma of the deceased itself, who it is believed otherwise may be tempted to flee the tower in fear of the advancing evil spirits, destroying its prospects for a good cremation and a successful afterlife.

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3) The Gamelan Beleganjur: An Introduction

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3) The Gamelan Beleganjur: An Introduction

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Kajar: a medium-small gong; Basic tempo-keeping instrument (keeps steady beat)
Gilak: gong cycle of eight beats (root foundation of beleganjur music)
Types of Gongs: Gong ageng "great gongs"; Kempur (medium-sized)
Melodic Layer Components (2):
a) core melody played on a pair of tuned, hand-held gongs (the ponggang)
b) rapid-paced elaborations of the core melody played on a set of four smaller, higher-pitched, handheld gongs called reyong
Kilitan Telu: rhythmic interlocking that has some of the cymbal players play a pattern on beat, others play it just after the beat, and the rest start just ahead of the beat

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Gamelan Beleganjur: the Balinese "Gamelan of Walking Warriors"
Gamelan: "ensemble" or "orchestra"
Gamelan: a diverse class of mainly percussion-dominated music ensembles (Eg. gongs, drums, cymbals)
Gamelan: conceived of in its entirety as a single music instrument
Gamelan Beleganjur: processional ensemble (musicians walk or march while performing) [Eg. Marching Band]
Traditionally associated with warfare, battles with evil spirits, rituals for the death
Modern Times: basis for an exciting type of music contest
Interlocking rhythm to Interlocking worlds: animates human and spirit, traditional to modern, Balinese and Western

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2). Balinese Gamelan Music in Context! :)

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2). Balinese Gamelan Music in Context! :)

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Bali and the Republic of Indonesia...
-Bali is one of more than 17,000 islands in the Southeast Asian nation of Indonesia.
-Bali is very small and it is possible to drive around its perimeter in a day.
- The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta, the country's largest city with a population of 14,000,000 people.
-The national language is Bahasa Indonesia which is a derivative of Malay, but there are more than 300 other languages spoken by members of the country.
-Almost 40% of Indonesians are of Javanese (Bali's neighboring island) ethnicity, and another 16% are ethnically Sundanese.

Religion in Bali and Indonesia...
-Almost 90% of Indonesians are Muslim but the religion is practiced in many forms that often represent syncretism with earlier Hindu, Buddhist, etc.

Gamelan in Bali and Beyond...
-Indonesia is a nation of extraordinary musical diversity that goes far beyond gamelan music.
-The best known Indonesian gamelan traditions are Central Javanese court gamelan and Balinese gamelan gong kebyar.
- The culture of gamelan in Bali is not only rich and diverse, but also extraordinarily active.