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Satire, irony, parody, humour, exaggeration

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Curipod:

Lesson on Gulliver vs Robinson

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Biography

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Robinson Crusoe  | Author Biography | Daniel Defoe

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PPT

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Satire is a genre of literature in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to particular and wider societal issues.

We have two ideas of satire from Roman culture:

- the former expresses a basic instinct from comedy through mockery of human beings;

- The latter implies the poets' desire to instruct their readers by setting moral standards to reform social conduct or denouncing everything they find distasteful.

Irony is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that ends up differently than anticipated. In simple words, it is a difference between appearance and reality. Based on the above definition, we distinguish three basic types of irony:

Verbal irony: Involves using words in a non-literal way, often to express sarcasm or humour (e.g., saying “I love your shoes” to someone wearing worn-out sneakers)

Dramatic irony: Involves presenting information to the audience that a character does not know (e.g., in The Truman Show, the audience knows Truman’s life is a TV show, but he does not)

Situational irony: Involves events or outcomes that are the opposite of what was expected (e.g., a pilot with a fear of heights)

Humour is a literary tool that makes audiences laugh, or that intends to induce amusement or laughter. Several types of devices create humour. Humour is, in fact, the end product and not the device itself. These devices are:

Hyperbole/Exaggeration

Surprise

Sarcasm

Irony

the most dominant function of humour is to provide surprise, which not only improves quality but improves the memorable style of a literary piece.

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A story is a series of events recorded in their chronological order.
A plot is a series of events deliberately arranged so as to reveal their dramatic, thematic, and emotional significance.

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The setting is an extremely important aspect of almost every piece of fiction and drama and can be an important element in poetry as well. The setting of a piece of literature is the time and place in which the story takes place. The definition of setting can also include social statuses, weather, historical period, and details about immediate surroundings. Settings can be real or fictional, or a combination of both real and fictional elements.
The plot of a story consists of the events that occur during the course of that story and the way in which they are presented to the reader. The plot is also sometimes referred to as the storyline. Aristotle posited that plots must have a beginning, middle, and end and that each event in the plot causes the next event to happen. In general terms, the narrative mode could encompass some basic storytelling elements.
The narrative point of view (POV) is the way of linking the narrator to the unfolding story. The POV reveals who is telling the story and points out the narrator’s relationship to the story events and characters.

First Person, where the narrator refers to him or herself as I. A story could feature multiple first-person narrators. And the narrator is virtually always a character in the story.

Third-person, where the narrator refers to characters as she and he, never as I. The narrator in third-person may know only the experiences of a single character or may know what happens to all characters. The narrator may know what happens only when the viewpoint character(s) learns about events, so the narrator is omniscient.

A character (sometimes known as a fictional character) is a person or other being in a narrative. The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person. Flat characters are two-dimensional, in that they are relatively uncomplicated. By contrast, round characters are complex figures with many different characteristics, that undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader. Dynamic characters are those that change over the course of the story, while static characters remain the same throughout.
A writer presents themes in a literary work through several means. A writer may express a theme through the feelings of his main character about the subject he has chosen to write about. Similarly, themes are presented through thoughts and conversations of different characters. Moreover, the experiences of the main character in the course of a literary work give us an idea about its theme. Finally, the actions and events taking place in a narrative are consequential in determining its theme. Major and minor themes are two types of themes that appear in literary works. A major theme is an idea that a writer repeats in his literary work, making it the most significant idea in the work. A minor theme, on the other hand, refers to an idea that appears in a work briefly, giving way to another minor theme.

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The main difference between prose and poetry is how the words are used.
In prose, we form words into sentences and paragraphs. Prose consists of novels and drama; it is basically written like human speech.
In poetry, we form words into lines and stanzas. Poetry speaks directly to emotions. It seeks to eliminate as many barriers as possible between the poem and the reader.

The difference between drama and novels is the purpose and structure. Drama is written to be performed. A novel is a story written in paragraphs and includes the narration. In the novel, we can find dialogues, actions and how characters feel.

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Character development can refer to either the task of sitting down and creating a character or it can refer to the change a character undergoes during the course of a story.

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The plot refers to the events that unfold throughout history. This is determined by a conflict that raises the author and unfolds through different situations that live the characters of the work. The extension of the novel allows the plot to be developed widely, giving space to complex situations. In many cases even the central plot is surrounded by other small stories that are interconnected with the main facts.

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Another fundamental feature of the novel is the themes it addresses. It is considered that these are pieces of fiction, however, his narrative is usually realistic and poses the facts plausibly and coherently. This realism is given by the characters, their relationships and the coherence between the facts, even if they are fictitious. This implies the existence of a logic underlying the events and the way in which the characters react to them. Thanks to this logic, the novel can consistently accommodate genres such as fantasy and science fiction. Which, are characterized by convincingly narrating facts that the reader recognizes as unreal.

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A fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action with some degree of realism.