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By chapter 13, Rivers begins to take on a socialist voice. Rivers says that “things’ll be freer after the war” because of different classes having been “thrown into contact” with each other. Rivers is aware of the class distinctions present before the war and, by this point in the novel, sees the damaging effects class tensions can have on his patients and seems to want a change in societal norms. Prior remarks that he is beginning to sound “like a Bolshevik”, this simile explicitly labels Rivers as a socialist and marks a strong change in Rivers’ morals.

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As River’s journey at Craiglockhart progresses, we see a gradual shift in both his demeanour and attitude towards the war. As Sassoon commands ‘wake up Rivers.I thought you’d pounce on that’, it become clear that Rivers has started mirroring his patients in that he shows a lack of interest towards treatment and is unable to engage. This especially reflects Prior’s demeanour at the start of the book, highlighting the negative shift in Rivers’ mental state. This change may suggest why Rivers’ attitude to the war changes as he is starting to experience the pain the soldiers feel therefore empathising with soldiers who don’t want to fight.

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When Sassoon speaks to Owen in chapter 11, he establishes Rivers almost as an adversary which is evident when he jokes ‘Perhaps we should go into partnership. It’d shut Rivers up.’ However, by the end of chapter 13 Sassoon makes the connection between Rivers, as a paternal figure, and his own father in a poignant moment when he reminisces on ‘the day his father left home’. The fact that River’s absence provokes the resurfacing of pre war melancholy memories shows the close attachment the two men have and the close bond they share because River is no longer considered a third party analysing Sassoon but a member of his family.

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Analyse a shift in Rivers in chapters 10-13

During the beginning of the novel Rivers adopts a proactive manner when approaching his patients, however throughout the novel Rivers perspective on his part of the war begins to shift. Rivers becomes increasingly uncomfortable with the notion of only healing his patients so they may go back out to war and become even more broken. This shift is seen through Rivers’ lack of enthusiasm when Sassoon suggests going on a protest there’s silence followed by,” Wake up, Rivers. I thought you’d pounce on that.”, the short stichomythic sentences combined with the active verb of “pounce”, alludes to Rivers” previous manner, mobile in the healing process of others and changing patients frequently to see as many as possible. This shift is emphasised further when his attitudes on not only the nature of his job but now the war as a whole becomes increasingly negative. In chapter thirteen Prior and Rivers are discussing the post war society, usually they are contrasting characters but Rivers seems to have adopted Priors’ attitudes,” things will be much freer after the war”, Prior then notices this stark change in mind and compares Rivers to a “Bolshevik” using hyperbole to show how unusual this comment from Rivers is.

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We become aware of a shift in Rivers due to the huge contrast between Yeallend and himself. This is further pointed out by Sassoon as he says “wake up Rivers. I thought you’d pounce on that” which hints at first signs of Rivers’ well-being deteriorating and a change in his mentality towards life. Rivers implies that the war is keeping people locked up and claims that “things will be freer after the war” which presents WW1 as a time of social mobility and shifting relations. You become clearly aware that he has employed changing views of the depiction of war on society. What heightens this is the idea that Rivers has also become aware himself of this change which results in the decision to take a new job in London to get away from Craiglockhart, as he recognizes it has begun to impact his mental health and feels so strongly about it that he chooses to step away from it all.

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Barkers use of narrative focaliser shifts and changes quite frequently throughout chapters 10-13. Looking more closely at Chapter 10, Sarah is the initial narrative focaliser, ‘Sarah watched the..’. By the end of that chapter, Barker shifts the narrative focaliser again to Rivers, ‘None of this prevented…amusement’.

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When Sassoon speaks to Owen in chapter 11, he establishes Rivers almost as an adversary which is evident when he jokes ‘Perhaps we should go into partnership. It’d shut Rivers up.’ However, by the end of chapter 13 Sassoon makes the connection between Rivers, as a paternal figure, and his own father in a poignant moment when he reminisces on ‘the day his father left home’. The fact that River’s absence provokes the resurfacing of pre war melancholy memories shows the close attachment the two men have and the close bond they share as Rivers is no longer a third party analysing Sassoon but is seen as a member of his own family.

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P159/160

Sassoon leant forward. ‘Wake up, Rivers. I thought you’d pounce on that.’

‘Did you?’

A pause. ‘No, I suppose not.’

Rivers dragged his hand down across his eyes. ‘I don’t feel much like pouncing.

In Chapter 10, there is a clear shift in Rivers’ perspective, and he seems to take a more caring view of how by him sending these men back to the war he is further harming them. He realises that their trauma and mental health issues will just reoccur, and it makes him question his job that actually ends up with him having to leave Craiglockhart as he starts to increasingly struggle.

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Barker’s use of chiasmus forms a central element of ‘Regeneration’. Rivers and Sassoon are established as opposing figures in the exposition: both eloquent, confident and adamant in their moral viewpoints. In Chapter 10 Sassoon lays psychoanalytical bait for Rivers, admitting that ‘It makes it quite difficult to go on’ with his protest. There is an indication here that Rivers’ position is wavering, with Sassoon asserting that Rivers must ‘wake up’. This imperative alludes to the fact that underneath it all, both men rely on the friction of their viewpoints equally for validation.

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One of the first signs of a shift in Rivers is in Chapter 10, where Rivers believes "this would have been easier," if he had a simmilar approach to Lewis Yealland. This highlights Rivers internal conflict, as he begins to see that the war and the conflict between home front is "inevitably" the root of each of his patients problems. Here Barker presents that for Rivers, it is easier to live in ignorance at this time, like Yealland, without moral obligation, as Rivers values are affecting his contribution to the war, as he no longer feels that healing his patients to send them back to the front is in their best interest - again highlighting the tension between war and home front.