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Modernism --> Global movement in society and culture from the early 20th century(1900s) sought a new alignment of experiences and values of modern industrial life

Characteristics of modernism:
Sense of disillusionment & loss of faith in American dream
Rejection of sentimentality and favored to capture reality
Interest in individual & inner workings of the human mind

Work cited:
"Modernism". Tate.org, Tate,
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/m/modernism

“Modernism.” Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp. 746-751; 841.

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WWI:
WWI was a massive war caused by factors such as militarism, secret alliances, nationalism, and imperialism. Although the Americans entered the war later on, the soldiers endured traumatizing injuries and horrific gore. These experiences influenced the development of poetic movements such as Symbolism and Imagism. Through these literary movements, soldier were able to explicitly describe their experiences and trauma to the readers. During WWI, the US romanticized fighting in the war for glory and national pride, but upon entering the war, the soldiers endured the horrific realities of the war. Because of this, their works often featured themes of disillusionment, which is the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.

The Roaring 1920s:
This era, also known as the jazz age, was characterized with the prohibition of alcohol and increased organized crime, sophisticated advertising, and a rapid cycle of consumption and production. A vibrant pop culture also emerged during this time, such as the booming of theaters and film, and Hollywood idealized the spirit of the "Twenties", and influenced the pursuit of desire to travel abroad. This era also allowed for African Americans to contribute to American Modernism, which is known as the Harlem Renaissance. Through this movement, African Americans could express their struggles in society, as well as the joys of their culture.

The Great Depression:
The Americans experienced a severe economic depression at the end of the "Twenties", after a stock crash in 1929. Unemployment rates were at an all time high, and many people struggled to make a living, and the American dream was destroyed. Many writers depicted the personal and societal damage of the event, and they were interested in psychoanalysis, which explores the unconscious mind. This interested influenced the development of a literary technique, which is known as "stream of consciousness". This device attempts to mirror the narrator's "flow" of thoughts, and explicitly tells the readers how he or she is feeling.

Works Cited:
“Modernism.” Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp. 746-751; 841.

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F. Scott Fitzgerald:
Fitzgerald was an American writer who expressed the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age. His works expose the disturbing truth behind the "glittering" life that Hollywood idealized. A prominent work of his included The Great Gatsby, which illustrated the idea that material possessions does not always guarantee a happy life.

Ernest Hemingway:
Hemingway was one of the most influential of American authors after WWI. He was famous for his literary style, which influenced American prose for future generations. His style consists of simpler words (similar to the Puritans), rather than using flamboyant and complex terms to express his ideas. A famous work of his is The Sun Also Rises (1926), which illustrates the disillusionment of the "lost generation" of Americans after WWI.

John Steinbeck:
Steinbeck was an American author who was famous for his realistic and imaginative writings, which combined sympathetic humor and social perception. He was also known for his novels that exposed the social consequences that emerged from the Great Depression. A prominent work of his included The Grapes of Wrath, which illustrates the story of a family stricken by the Dust Bowl, forcing them to move into a labor camp in California. Through this novel, Steinbeck exposes the issue of social injustice in America after the Great Depression.

Works Cited:
“F. Scott Fitzgerald.” Biography, A&E Television Networks, 27 April 2017, https://www.biography.com/writer/f-scott-fitzgerald.

“Modernism.” Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp. 746-751; 841.

“John Steinbeck.” Biography, A&E Television Networks, 27 April 2017, https://www.biography.com/writer/john-steinbeck.

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Stream of consciousness is a narrative technique that aimed to express in words a character´s thoughts and feelings in their minds.
An example of stream of consciousness is internal monologue as it reflects the interest of that character and gives the impressions that the reader is inside the character´s mind.

Work cited:
LiteraryDevices Editors. "Stream of Consciousness". LiteraryDevices.net,
https://literarydevices.net/stream-of-consciousness/

"Stream of consciousness". Encyclopedia Brittanica, The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 February 2019,
https://www.britannica.com/art/stream-of-consciousness

“Modernism.” Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp. 746-751; 841.