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English is frequently used in China for aesthetic rather than functional purposes as a way of appearing "smart, sophisticated and modern",

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Engrish can be found in many places, including signs, menus, and advertisements. Terms such as Japanglish, Japlish or Janglish for Japan, Konglish for Korea, and Chinglish for China are more specific terms for Engrish.

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Kirkpatrick and Xu (2002) quote Li's definition of China English:

China English is based on a standard English, expresses Chinese culture, has Chinese characteristics in lexis, sentence structure and discourse but does not show any L1 interference.

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Richard et al (1992) - mistakes are caused by borrowings from the mother tongue, extending patterns from target language and expressing meanings using words and grammar which are already known.

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Chinglish is also known as Engrish due to the broken English often seen in signs and Chinese media.

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Loanblend - one part of word is borrowed from new language and the other from original language

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Use ‘eth’ for standard English ‘s’ because there’s no mandarin equivalent

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Misuse of suffixes

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Chinglish is a result of bad translation, misspelling and errors

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Dong - Chinese kids start learning eng at age of 10

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researchers. Kirkpatrick and Xu (2002) quote Li's definition of China English:

China English is based on a standard English, expresses Chinese culture, has Chinese characteristics in lexis, sentence structure and discourse but does not show any L1 interference. (p. 269)

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Romaine's (1995) definitions, as follows:

loanblend – one part of a word is borrowed and the other belongs to the original language.

loanshift – taking a word in the base language and extending its meaning so that it corresponds to that of a word in the other language.

loan translation – rearranging words in the base language along a pattern provided by the other and thus creating a new meaning. (Romaine, 1995: 56–7)

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Wei and Fei (2003) provide a lengthy discussion of China English syntax with examples of six features of variation, including (i) word order differences, (ii) open head vs. open end, (iii) time sequence, (iv) compound and complex sentence structures, (v) special subjects and (vi) the use of the passive voice (pp. 44–5).

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China English is unique across the linguistic spectrum, from phonology to discourse. In the light of Butler's five criteria for nativisation, it is obviously still a developing variety, but the aspects shown above suggest that China English is on its way to becoming an established variety of English.

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Roughly around 90,000 taxi drivers learned English in preperation for the Olympics 2008