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Indo-European tribes, known collectively as Aryans, enter India from the northwest.
The Aryans bring into India the roots of Hinduism, with the Brahmans as a priestly caste.
Sacrificial hymns of the Aryans, gathered in the Rigveda, become the earliest Sanskrit literature

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Shah Jahan begins building the Taj Mahal as a memorial for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal

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A young Hindu prince, Shivaji, captures Bijapur in a campaign against Muslim rulers that will result in his establishing a Maratha empire

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For the final years of his life Shah Jahan is held a prisoner, by his son Aurangzeb, in Agra's Red Fort

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England's East India Company is granted a lease on Bombay by Charles II, who has received it from his Portuguese bride

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The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb begins building the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore

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France by now has six fortified trading settlements around the coast of India, of which Pondicherry is the most important

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Fort St William is built by the East India Company in the Ganges delta, and subsequently develops into Calcutta

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The death of Aurangzeb introduces the long period of decline of the Mughal empire

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The Persian ruler Nadir Shah enters Delhi and removes much of the accumulated treasure of the Mughal empire

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French forces capture the British East India Company's fort of Madras

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Robert Clive prevails over the French after holding out during the seven-week siege of Arcot in southern India

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122 people die after being locked overnight in a small room in Calcutta, in an incident that becomes known as the Black Hole of Calcutta

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Robert Clive defeats the nawab of Bengal at the battle of Plassey, and places his own man on the throne

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A Sikh maharajah, Ranjit Singh, captures Lahore and makes it his capital in his campaign to unify the Punjab

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Ranjit Singh, maharaja of the Punjab, agrees an eastern boundary between himself and the British in the Treaty of Amritsar

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The Sikh maharajah of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh, conquers Kashmir, beginning a century and a half of Sikh dominance in the region

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The first Anglo-Sikh war breaks out between Sikh forces in the Punjab and encroaching forces of Britain's East India Company

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The first Anglo-Sikh war ends with the Treaty of Lahore, by which Jammu and Kashmir are ceded to the British

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treaty of lahore

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The second Anglo-Sikh war begins when a British army invades the Punjab to suppress a local uprising

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A British victory at the Battle of Gujarat effectively ends the second Anglo-Sikh war, and is followed by annexation of the Punjab

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Animal fat on a new issue of cartridges sparks off the Indian Mutiny, also know as the First War of Indian Independence

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The India Act places India under the direct control of the British government, ending the rule of the East India Company

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The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, is deposed by the British and exiled to Rangoon, in Burma

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from August - the German cruiser Emden carries out successful raids on British shipping in the seas around India

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More than 300 die when British troops fire on a peaceful demonstration in Amritsar

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Mahatma Gandhi is arrested by the British in India as an agitator and is sentenced to six years in prison

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah demands a seperate nation for the muslims.

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Mohammed Ali Jinnah becomes president of the Muslim League in India

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Mahatma Gandhi launches the Quit India Movement, calling on a large crowd in Bombay to 'do or die' in the struggle to expel the British

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In granting independence to India, Britain partitions the subcontinent along sectarian lines into Pakistan and the republic of India

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Muhammad ali Jinnah becomes the first governor general of Pakistan
daanya

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Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated at a Delhi prayer meeting by a Hindu extremist, Nathuram Godse

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Mahmud of Ghazni marches an army across an Indian desert to destroy a great temple at Somnath, killing - it is said - some 50,000 Hindus

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first war between india and pakistan ends

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ayub khan hands over power to yahya khan who introduces martial law

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Indian sitar-player Ravi Shankar composes the first of his two concertos for sitar and orchestra

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Mujibur Rahman, with most of his family, is assassinated by junior officers in a coup in Bangladesh

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Zia ul-Haq, the Chief of Army Staff, takes power in a bloodless coup against the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto

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Ex-president Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is executed in Pakistan for allegedly authorizing the murder of a political opponent

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The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerges in India from previous Hindu nationalist groups and soon acquires a large following

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Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi uses the army to dislodge militant Sikhs occupying the Golden Temple in Amritsar

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Indira Gandhi is assassinated in Delhi by members of her Sikh bodyguard, in retaliation for the desecration of the Golden Temple

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35-year-old Benazir Bhutto, daughter of the executed president, leads a coalition government in Pakistan

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Benazir Bhutto's government is dismissed on corruption charges and her party loses the resulting elections

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Rajiv Gandhi is killed near Chennai, during an election campaign, by a suicide bomber on behalf of Tamil militants

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After only three years in opposition, Benazir Bhutto wins a second term as prime minister of Pakistan

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Benazir Bhutto is dismissed from government in Pakistan for a second time, again on corruption charges

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A Pakistani general, Pervez Musharraf, takes power in a military coup