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BLM led to record numbers of mass shooting

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BLM led to record numbers of mass shooting

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https://www.jns.org/opinion/black-lives-matter-led-to-record-number-of-mass-shootings/

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People can buy BLM styled Charity Shirts to support BLM https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/support-black-lives-matter-causes-with-these-charity-t-shirts-and-more/

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In the aftermath of the police murder of George Floyd, protests erupted in Minneapolis and across the U.S., with activists and community members demanding that Black lives matter-and with many calling to defund the police.

Many of us-particularly white people-have been taught to equate policing with public safety and can't imagine alternatives to a punitive law enforcement model. But our criminal legal system was built to reinforce deep structural racism in our society. For most individuals and communities of color, policing has brought terror rather than safety.

The murders of George Floyd, Eric Garner, Philando Castile, Sandra Bland, Michael Brown, and countless other Black and Brown people at the hands of police are not anomalies. They are evidence of a racist system that disproportionately targets people of color for violence, imprisonment, and death.

We need real change. That's why we must stop investing in police and incarceration and instead intentionally invest in alternative models that are centered in community and address the root causes of harm, in addition to making greater investments in schools, health care, and other human needs that keep our communities safe.

Here is why we should all support the call to defund the police:

1. Policing in the U.S. was established to maintain white supremacy.

The police are not a neutral body, and the institution is inherently biased. In the U.S. slave patrols and night watches were the beginning of a racially directed system of law enforcement designed to secure capital for white settlers.

Over the past 40 years, the expansion of racially targeted policing and policies such as stop-and-frisk and the "war on drugs" have helped fuel mass incarceration in the U.S., with African-Americans incarcerated at more than five times the rate of white people. Black and Brown people are disproportionately targeted from a young age, with hundreds of thousands of children ages six to 14 arrested, often by police officers stationed in schools as "school resource officers."

Police forces have also become more militarized. Since 1990, the federal government has transferred $6 billion of excess military equipment to local law enforcement agencies under its 1033 Program, giving police access to mine-resistant vehicles, assault rifles, and grenade launchers. For years police have also undergone "warrior training" that teaches them to see every encounter as potentially life-threatening, especially when those encounters involve people of color. Every year on-duty police kill an estimated 1,000 people.

What's more, a recent study revealed that hundreds of active duty officers from across the country are members of racist and anti-government groups on Facebook.

2. Policing doesn't keep us safe.

Despite the billions of dollars spent every year on policing, more than 15,000 people were killed by gun violence in 2019 alone-disproportionately young people of color. If policing and imprisonment stopped violence, the U.S. would be the most peaceful country in the world. But decades of evidence show us this is not the case.

If we believe in everyone's right to live in safety and peace, we need to dismantle institutions that were never intended to get us there - and free up resources for solutions that are actually designed to create healthy, safe, sustainable communities.

3. Body cameras, trainings, and other so-called reform measures will not end cycles of police violence.

In Minneapolis and other U.S. cities, body cameras and other reform measures were implemented as part of the Obama administration's multimillion-dollar response to the call for police accountability-and have proven largely ineffective.

Body cams are regularly shut off by police and do not result in less violent behavior-while increasing surveillance of those being policed.

Trainings on implicit bias for police have shown no demonstrable effect. In fact in Chicago, it was found that officers accused of abuses were leading the training.

Community policing-the idea that if police and community work together, there will be more trust in the police-doesn't work, either. The practice deputizes white and wealthy community members to surveille their neighbors, resulting in even more police actions based on racist attitudes and beliefs.

Meanwhile, police murders continue, with 1,002 people shot and killed by police already this year.

4. Policing diverts billions of dollars from schools, health care, and other vital programs that need more funding to strengthen our communities and support shared well-being.

U.S. cities collectively spend $100 billion a year on policing, while needed investments in education, health care, housing, and other critical programs go unfulfilled, particularly in poor communities and communities of color. New York City, for instance, spends more on policing than it does on the Departments of Health, Homeless Services, Housing Preservation and Development, and Youth and Community Development combined.

Our tax dollars must be reallocated from this system that regularly murders Black people with impunity-and instead invested in programs that strengthen our communities.

5. Black organizers are calling for divestment from policing and investment in human needs across the country.

As part of its platform, the Movement for Black Lives calls for the "reallocation of federal, state, and local government funds from "policing and incarceration to long-term strategies for education, restorative justice services, and employment programs."

In Chicago, the #NoCopAcademy campaign galvanized thousands of community members and garnered the support of more than 100 community organizations in urging the city to shift funding for a new $95 million police academy to programs that benefit youth and communities.

Faced with budget shortfalls and urgent health care needs- at least 13 cities have made cuts to their police budgets.

6. Our tax dollars should be invested in more humane and just alternatives to policing.

That includes funding health care workers to respond to mental health emergencies-instead of the police. It also means shifting our resources to transformative justice approaches that support survivors and work directly with the person who has caused harm through community-based systems of accountability. Under these models, community members work together to keep each other safe.

The human costs of investing in policing-instead of our communities-have been social as well as financial. We have created a society that looks to policing as the answer to our problems-both real and imagined -calling the police not only in emergencies, but also in response to white people's fears or annoyance in many situations where people of color are simply trying to live their lives.

Defunding police is one step we can take to free up resources and public imagination for more just and humane approaches to community safety and shared well-being. It's time to defund the police.

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6 reasons why it's time to defund the police

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In the aftermath of the police murder of George Floyd, protests erupted in Minneapolis and across the U.S., with activists and community members demanding that Black lives matter-and with many calling to defund the police. Here is why we should all support the call to defund the police:

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The protests against police brutality and the unjust murders of Black and brown people - including George Floyd, Ma'Khia Bryant, Daunte Wright, Adam Toledo, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, David McAtee, Tony McDade, Robert Fuller, Dominique "Rem'mie" Fells, Maurice Gordon, Riah Milton, Malcolm Harsch, Elijah McClain, Rayshard Brooks, Oluwatoyin Salau, Kevin Peterson Jr., and Walter Wallace Jr. - have mobilized millions to take action toward dismantling both overtly and subtly racist norms and policies entrenched in American life. This action can take different forms, including (but not limited to) protesting, educating, listening, consciously shopping, and, of course, donating.

When it comes to the latter, over the past year, you've probably seen a lot of people donating to a lot of things. Here, we've compiled and vetted as many of those things as we could to create a guide for anyone with the means and interest in donating as a form of taking action today or every day. (To jump straight to the guide, click here.) It should go without saying that, while expansive, this guide is nowhere near complete and will be updated as we identify and vet new entities (or see others - like the Minnesota-based North Star Health Collective, Reclaim the Block, and Black Visions Collective - directing potential patrons elsewhere because they have all the money they need right now).

In addition to sourcing entities from lists already created by our sister sites the Cut and the Verge, this guide includes other funds, organizations, and individual activists we have vetted after seeing them on social media or in resource documents being widely shared (including this one, created by Reclaim the Block; this one, created by graduate students at the University of Washington's School of Public Health; this one, created by Margaret McCarron; this one, created by artist Annika Hansteen-Izora; this one, created by ThemsHealth, an Instagram wellness resource for the nonbinary community; and this one, created by writer and activist Indigo).

We've confirmed that any entity on this list is still taking donations at the time of publication and that those doing so less formally (like via Venmo or the Cash App) are providing receipts and/or are legitimate. If you want to donate to or read more about each entity, simply click on a name.

We have broken up the various ways to donate by how recipients promise to use any money received, whether that's to post bail or bonds for demonstrators arrested at protests, to invest in rebuilding Black communities where protests have occurred, or to invest in community-enrichment programs for Black and brown youth. While many of the entities on this list operate nationally, we have noted which operate on a state or local level in case you're looking to make more targeted contributions.

Victim funds | Bail funds | Megafunds | Community-restoration organizations | Community-enrichment organizations | Youth-oriented community organizations | Community organizations serving disabled Black, brown, and indigenous people | Policy-reform organizations | Political organizations | Police-reform organizations | Incarceration-reform organizations | Legal defense funds and organizations | Black LGBTQ funds | Black LGBTQ organizations | Media organizations | Mental-health organizations | Health-care funds and organizations

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168 Ways to Donate in Support of Black Lives and Communities of Color

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The protests against police brutality and the unjust murders of Black and brown people - including George Floyd, Ma'Khia Bryant, Daunte Wright, Adam Toledo, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, David McAtee, Tony McDade, Robert Fuller, Dominique "Rem'mie" Fells, Maurice Gordon, Riah Milton, Malcolm Harsch, Elijah McClain, Rayshard Brooks, Oluwatoyin Salau, Kevin Peterson Jr., and Walter Wallace Jr.

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Color of Change is the nation’s largest online racial justice organization. There goal is "to help people respond effectively to injustice in the world". They help create a less hostile world for Black people in America.

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Florida Housing Complex Forced to Stop Illegally Evicting Black Families

Last January we launched a rapid response campaign following a wave of evictions at Holly Court Apartments in Tampa. Victoria Lee, a tenant there, used our OrganizeFor platform to mobilize thousands of members and amplify tenant demands to fix the plumbing, honor leases, and support tenants who'd been illegally pushed out. Many families were given eviction notices on New Year's Eve for no reason at all and given just 30 days to find a new home. One mother reported having to go to the corner store to use the bathroom as raw sewage backed up in her tub. Management all but ignored calls for help and she had to call out of work for days because she couldn't shower. After the online petition and a sleep-in protest, Palm Communities agreed to honor residents' leases, provide temporary housing for displaced residents, and resolve maintenance issues. Housing is a human right, but far too often greed and profit trump the needs of Black and low-income residents who live in buildings owned by private equity firms. Your calls and text messages kept residents in their homes!

AT&T Pulls Funding from White Nationalist Network

With your help, we pressured AT&T to stop funding the far-right network One America News. OAN was a major vehicle for Trump, and has continued to provide a "friendly" platform for his allies. We've seen correspondents use racial slurs, call for the execution of election officials, suggest shooting unhoused people - all without consequence. OAN consistently promotes hate-filled content, and disseminates dangerous misinformation about the 2020 elections and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine, with the goal of provoking their audience. Research revealed a major reason for the network's success was support from AT&T. AT&T should know better. So thousands of Color Of Change members wrote to AT&T CEO John Stankey, and we were heard. One America Network has been removed from DirectTV. This is another step towards making sure the media isn't allowed to amplify racist lies that lead to real-world violence against Black people.

Biden Grants Clemency to 70 People on Home Confinement

Throughout the pandemic, we've fought to get incarcerated people who pose no risk to their communities but could fall deathly ill with COVID sent home. On April 26, 2022, nearly 150,000 Color Of Change members helped convince President Biden to free 70 people on home confinement. That means they can live independently, pursue their dreams, spend time with friends and family without electronic monitors or other dehumanizing conditions of confinement. It is historic for a president to grant so many clemencies in their first term. But thousands more people deserve to be free - and risk being sent back due to minor technicalities or bureaucratic errors. People on home confinement have had to turn down jobs or miss funerals because they're outside of the range they're allowed to travel. Biden promised he'd end mass incarceration and cut the prison population in half. Help us hold him to that.

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Color Of Change - Color Of Change helps you do something real about injustice.

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Last January we launched a rapid response campaign following a wave of evictions at Holly Court Apartments in Tampa. Victoria Lee, a tenant there, used our OrganizeFor platform to mobilize thousands of members and amplify tenant demands to fix the plumbing, honor leases, and support tenants who'd been illegally pushed out.

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Lists different funds related to BLM

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Split a donation to all the bail funds, mutual aid funds, and activist organizations listed on this page, or allocate specific amounts to individual groups. Then be sure to share this page once you're done.
(If you have questions or would like to get a local bail fund in your area added to this page, please send a Twitter DM to @AidanKingVT by clicking here)

1. This contribution is made from my own funds or the funds of an authorizing corporation or other entity, and the funds are not being provided by any other person or entity.

2. ActBlue Charities is a registered charitable organization formed to democratize charitable giving. A copy of our latest financial report may be obtained by emailing info@actblue.com or calling (617) 517-7600. Alternatively, our report detailing our programs, a financial summary, and the percentage of contributions dedicated to our charitable purpose, along with a copy of our license, may be obtained from the following state agencies: FLORIDA (registration #CH46938) -- Division of Consumer Services 800-435-7352 www.800helpfla.com; GEORGIA (registration #CH012361) -- contact ActBlue Charities; MARYLAND (registration #29971) -- Secretary of State, State House, Annapolis, MD 21401; MISSISSIPPI (registration #100024326) -- Secretary of State, 888-236-6167; NEW JERSEY (registration #CH3867000) -- Attorney General, 973-504-6215, www.state.nj.us/lps/ca/charfrm.htm; NEW YORK (registration #45-25-27) -- Attorney General, Charities Bureau, 120 Broadway, New York, NY 10271; NORTH CAROLINA (registration #SL009830) -- State Soliciting Licensing Branch, 888-830-4989; PENNSYLVANIA (registration #104758) -- Department of State, 800-732-0999; VIRGINIA -- Office of Consumer Affairs, PO Box 1163, Richmond, VA 23218; WASHINGTON (registration #37969) -- Secretary of State, Charities Division, Olympia, WA 98504-0422, 800-332-4483; WISCONSIN (registration #16203-800) -- contact ActBlue Charities; WEST VIRGINIA -- Secretary of State, State Capitol, Charleston, WV 25305. Registration with and reporting to these agencies does not imply endorsement, approval, or recommendation of ActBlue Charities.

3. ActBlue Civics is a registered charitable organization formed to democratize social welfare giving. A copy of our latest financial report may be obtained by emailing info@actblue.com or calling (617) 517-7600. Alternatively, our report detailing our programs, a financial summary, and the percentage of contributions dedicated to our purpose, along with a copy of our license, may be obtained from the following state agencies: FLORIDA (registration #CH48620) -- Division of Consumer Services 800-435-7352 www.800helpfla.com; GEORGIA (registration #CH012404) -- contact ActBlue Civics; MARYLAND (registration #32940) -- Secretary of State, State House, Annapolis, MD 21401; NEW JERSEY (registration #CH3992100) -- Attorney General, 973-504-6215, www.state.nj.us/lps/ca/charfrm.htm; NEW YORK (registration #45-70-70) -- Attorney General, Charities Bureau, 120 Broadway, New York, NY 10271; NORTH CAROLINA (registration #SL010079) -- State Soliciting Licensing Branch, 888-830-4989; PENNSYLVANIA (registration #106113) -- Department of State, 800-732-0999; VIRGINIA -- Office of Charitable and Regulatory Programs, PO Box 1163, Richmond, VA 23218; WASHINGTON (registration #38989) -- Secretary of State, Charities Division, Olympia, WA 98504-0422, 800-332-4483; WISCONSIN (registration #16863 - 800) -- contact ActBlue Civics. Registration with and reporting to these agencies does not imply endorsement, approval, or recommendation of ActBlue Civics.

Milwaukee Freedom Fund

Louisville Community Bail Fund

Philadelphia Bail Fund

LGBTQ Freedom Fund

Chicago Community Bond Fund

Forsyth County Community Bail Fund

Luke 4:18 Bail Fund

Connecticut Bail Fund

Restoring Justice Bail Fund

Dauphin County Bail Fund

Northwest Community Bail Fund

Hamilton County Community Bail Fund

Bukit Bail Fund of Pittsburgh

Community Justice Exchange National Bail Fund Network

Massachusetts Bail Fund

Hawai'i Community Bail Fund

Tucson Second Chance Community Bail Fund

Memphis Community Bail Fund

Mississippi Bail Fund Collective

Philadelphia Community Bail Fund

National Bail Out #FreeBlackMamas

Richmond Community Bail Fund

Nashville Community Bail Fund

Fronterizo Fianza Fund

Free the 350 Bail Fund

NC Community Bail Fund of Durham

Colorado Freedom Fund

Kansas City Community Bail Fund

New Orleans Safety and Freedom Fund

Portland Freedom Fund

Montgomery Bail Out Fund

Columbus Freedom Fund

Baltimore Action Legal Team (BALT)

NorCal Resist Activist Bail & ICE Bond Fund

DeDe McClure Community Bail Fund

Eastern Iowa Community Bond Project

Movement for Black Lives Mutual Aid Fund

Atlanta Mutual Aid Fund

Prison Book Program

Austin Justice Coalition

Pure Justice

Community Advocates for Just and Moral Governance

You Good, Sis

Cincinatti Bail Fund

Believers Bail Out

Unicorn Riot

Color of Change Education Fund

BYP 100

Know Your Rights Camp

Black Voters Matter Fund

NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund

Color of Change Education Fund

Black & Pink

New Georgia Project

BlackOUT Collective

Re:Power

Emancipate NC (Freedom Fighter Bond Fund)

YWCA of Baton Rouge

The Detroit Bail Project

Champaign County Bailout Coalition

Los Angeles Mutual Aid Fund

Black Trans Emergency Protesters Fund

National Fair Housing Alliance

Contribution rules

The Louisville Community Bail Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the Louisville Community Bail Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

Free The 350 Bail Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the Free The 350 Bail Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

NC Community Bail Fund of Durham is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the NC Community Bail Fund of Durham. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

Columbus Freedom Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the Columbus Freedom Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

Colorado Freedom Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the Colorado Freedom Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

Kansas City Community Bail Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the Kansas City Community Bail Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

New Orleans Safety and Freedom Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the New Orleans Safety and Freedom Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

Portland Freedom Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the Portland Freedom Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

Montgomery Bail Out Fund is a member of the National Bail Fund Network, a project of Community Justice Exchange. All funds raised will be distributed to the Montgomery Bail Out Fund. Contributions to the Community Justice Exchange, a project of Tides Center, are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Tides Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the nation's largest fiscal sponsor. Our Federal Tax ID# is 94-3213100.

Donations to re:power support the leadership development of future candidates, campaigners, data directors, and organizers across the country, and are not tax deductible.

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Split a donation between 70+ community bail funds, mutual aid funds, and racial justice organizers

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Split a donation to all the bail funds, mutual aid funds, and activist organizations listed on this page. If you have questions or would like to get a local bail fund in your area added to this page, please send a Twitter DM to @AidanKingVT.

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This article talks about how in one day nearly half a million people protested across the U.S.

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This article talks about how in one day nearly half a million people protested across the U.S.

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https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html

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This articles is about the  the phrase "I cant breathe" and why people use it.

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This articles is about the  the phrase "I cant breathe" and why people use it.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe

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This article talks about how #BLM went from a lot of social media post to a global movement.

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This article talks about how #BLM went from a lot of social media post to a global movement.

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https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53273381

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December 1829 for federal monies to remove Southeast Indians beyong Mississipi River generated the most intense public opposition that the U.S had witnessed. In six short months, removal opponents launched massive petition drives that called on congress to defeat removal and to hold up Indian rights to property. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2567405?seq=1

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The Black Lives Matter is a organization advocating for non-violent civil disobedience in protest against incidents of police brutality and all racially motivated violence against black people.

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This document looks closely at the coverage of BLM over the years in the media.

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Although antislavery political parties did not debut until the 1840s, abolitionists sought to shape American political debate for decades. Early abolitionists encouraged state and federal politicians to adopt a range of anti-slavery laws.

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Although antislavery political parties did not debut until the 1840s, abolitionists sought to shape American political debate for decades. Early abolitionists encouraged state and federal politicians to adopt a range of antislavery laws. In the revolutionary era, for instance, northern abolitionists pressured political leaders in Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Rhode Island to pass gradual emancipation statutes. Yet the growth of slavery during the 19th century convinced some abolitionists to form their own political party. This very idea divided the antislavery movement. Led by William Lloyd Garrison, militant abolitionists (largely concentrated in the northeast) argued that the American political system was corrupt and that any abolitionist political party would lose its moral bearings by competing for votes in state and federal elections. A sizable contingent of abolitionists - located largely in New York, Ohio, and the expanding Midwest - disagreed with Garrison. In 1840, they formed the Liberty Party, the nation's first official antislavery party. Over the next decade, it ran antislavery candidates for state gubernatorial offices, the federal Congress, and the presidency. Capturing a small percentage of voters in various elections during the 1840s and 1850s, the Liberty Party nevertheless had particular strengths in New York and Ohio. In the election of 1844, for example, New Yorkers cast enough ballots for the Liberty Party presidential candidate James Birney that the Empire State's electoral college votes went to (slaveholding) Democrat James K .Polk instead of the even more reviled slaveholding Congressman Henry Clay. While they were unsuccessful in many elections, Liberty Party candidates made antislavery politics - as opposed to moral protest - a visible part of American life. Indeed, the Liberty Party paved the way for subsequent antislavery political parties, even if these parties were not strictly abolitionist. Read the political platform for the Liberty Party here. The Free Soil Party, formed in 1848, garnered many more voters than the Liberty Party by emphasizing opposition to slavery's territorial expansion rather than abolition in the South. Similarly, the Republican Party, formed in the mid-1850s, largely sought to halt slavery in the West. Still, the Free Soil and Republican parties grafted antislavery ideas onto the American political system. By the Civil War era, even the most hardened abolitionist - such as William Lloyd Garrison - came to support the Republican Party as a bastion of antislavery action.

Protesting the Fugitive Slave Act: Fighting Back for Freedom - Abolitionists in southeastern Wisconsin battled against the Fugitive Slave Act by employing print culture. Students will read through an abolitionist broadside and evaluate the ways that abolitionists attempted to influence public opinion.

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The Abolition Seminar. An educational tool for teachers, students, and all who fight for freedom. Menu. Skip to content. About; Learning Modules. The Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World · African Americans and Abolitionism · The Transformation of American Abolitionism · Civil War and Emancipation · Modern Slavery and ...

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American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS), founded in New York City, December 1833, disbanded 1870.

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American Anti-Slavery Society American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists

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This website provides a list of individuals and organizations who worked to end slavery in the United States, as well as historic documentation on the anti-slavery and abolition movements in the US.

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Nat Turner was an enslaved person who became a preacher and made history as the leader of one of the bloodiest enslaved revolts in America on August 21, 1831.

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Nat Turner was born on October 2, 1800, in Southampton County, Virginia, as a slave of Benjamin Turner. His mother was an enslaved woman named Nancy, but his father is unknown. Turner was allowed to learn how to read and write, and he was instructed in religious matters.

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A plan of the British slave ship Brookes, showing how 454 slaves were accommodated on board after the Slave Trade Act 1788. This same ship had reportedly carried as many as 609 slaves and was 267 tons burden, making 2.3 slaves per ton] Published by the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade.

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This collection box for Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Set aside in the home, the box was designed to remind members to make their weekly contribution. Circa 1850

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Harriet Tubman took DIRECT ACTION in travelling to the South and leading people to freedom.

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Social Studies, U.S. History

Image

Photography by Cincinnati Museum Center

During the era of slavery, the Underground Railroad was a network of routes, places, and people that helped enslaved people in the American South escape to the North. The name "Underground Railroad" was used metaphorically, not literally. It was not an actual railroad, but it served the same purpose-it transported people long distances. It also did not run underground, but through homes, barns, churches, and businesses. The people who worked for the Underground Railroad had a passion for justice and drive to end the practice of slavery-a drive so strong that they risked their lives and jeopardized their own freedom to help enslaved people escape from bondage and keep them safe along the route.

According to some estimates, between 1810 and 1850, the Underground Railroad helped to guide one hundred thousand enslaved people to freedom. As the network grew, the railroad metaphor stuck. "Conductors" guided runaway enslaved people from place to place along the routes. The places that sheltered the runaways were referred to as "stations," and the people who hid the enslaved people were called "station masters." The fugitives traveling along the routes were called "passengers," and those who had arrived at the safe houses were called "cargo."

Contemporary scholarship has shown that most of those who participated in the Underground Railroad largely worked alone, rather than as part of an organized group. There were people from many occupations and income levels, including former enslaved persons. According to historical accounts of the Railroad, conductors often posed as enslaved people and snuck the runaways out of plantations. Due to the danger associated with capture, they conducted much of their activity at night. The conductors and passengers traveled from safe-house to safe-house, often with 16-19 kilometers (10-20 miles) between each stop. Lanterns in the windows welcomed them and promised safety. Patrols seeking to catch enslaved people were frequently hot on their heels.

These images of the Underground Railroad stuck in the minds of the nation, and they captured the hearts of writers, who told suspenseful stories of dark, dangerous passages and dramatic enslaved person escapes. However, historians who study the Railroad struggle to separate truth from myth. A number of prominent historians who have devoted their life's work to uncover the truths of the Underground Railroad claim that much of the activity was not in fact hidden, but rather, conducted openly and in broad daylight. Eric Foner is one of these historians. He dug deep into the history of the Railroad and found that though a large network did exist that kept its activities secret, the network became so powerful that it extended the limits of its myth. Even so, the Underground Railroad was at the heart of the abolitionist movement. The Railroad heightened divisions between the North and South, which set the stage for the Civil War.

National Geographic Society

October 19, 2023

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During the era of slavery, the Underground Railroad was a network of routes, places, and people that helped enslaved people in the American South escape to the North.

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police getting violent with peaceful protestors 

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police getting violent with peaceful protestors 

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https://youtu.be/zf5vpzMIgyU