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In 1851, the Treaty of Fort Laramie was signed between the U.S. and the Lakota Nation, setting new boundaries for the nation, and marking the beginning of the reservation system. However, settlers and railroads would come nearer and nearer to the promised land, proving tensions between the two groups. In 1868, another treaty would be signed, giving the Lakotas their sovereignty and complete ownership of the Black Hills.

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The Homestead Act of 1862 would be signed, giving settlers large pieces of land in exchange for a small fee and the settlement of the land. The act was passed to promote westward movement and to fill empty lands, but the land presented to the settlers was often unsuitable for settlement. For natives, this act meant an influx of Americans coming near their land.

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In 1864, a militia led by Colonel J. M. Chiving would kill around 400 natives. The natives believed that they were promised immunity by the U.S., but they were shown no mercy. Atrocities were committed against women and children, who were also killed in large numbers.

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Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad (1869) 

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Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad (1869) 

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The railroad would bring more access to the west for Americans, but have negative effects for the natives. Buffalo, which were the main source of food and a large source of clothing for natives, would be hunted in mass numbers by whites. By the turn of the 20th century, only around 1000 buffalo remained.

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In 1871 the Indian Appropriation Act would be passed, incorporating natives into the U.S., and barring them from leaving reservations. After this act was passed, natives would  be considered POW's. In 1874, gold would be found in the sacred Black Hills, which were owned by natives.

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The beginning of the Lakota War in 1875 would lead General Custer and his men to meet the Lakota. On July 26th, his cavalry would be defeated, with the U.S. suffering around 250 casualties. Though the natives won this battle, though, they would eventually be defeated by the Americans.

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This war took place in northeastern Oregon, not far from Idaho, where the Nez Perces were native to. After a three month escape attempt by Chief Joseph of the Nez Perces, the natives would finally surrender, under the assumption that they would be returned to Idaho. However, they would instead be placed in Kansas, where infertile land and disease would lead to the plight of their kind.

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This act would end communal native ownership over land, giving individual natives 160 acre plots of land. The former reservation lands that were not occupied would eventually be taken over by whites. This act was in fact promoted by reformers of the time who believed that the legal ownership of land by tribes should be abolished.

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On December 29th, Chief Bigfoot and 200 natives were practicing the outlawed Sun Dance, and would be massacred by a U.S. Cavalry. After this battle, the most medals of honor would be distributed than for any other battle in the history of the U.S. This was the battle to end the native battles, with relations between natives and Americans being far more one sided.

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The Supreme Court ruled, on the longest running case in the nation, that the U.S. had violated the terms of the second Fort Laramie treaty in seizing the Black Hills. $106 million would be offered to the Sioux, but they would refuse. The lands today are now worth over $1 billion, yet the Sioux have still refused to accept the payment.